Best quality content about Arjun and their medicinal as well as economic importance

1. BANARAS HINDU UNIVERSITY
RAJIV GANDHI SOUTH CAMPUS BARKACHHA,
MIRZAPUR (U.P)
PRESENTATION -GENERAL INFORMATION ON
Terminalia arjuna
Presented to:-
Dr. Savita Dewangan
Assistant Professor
Department of Agronomy
BHU, Varanasi
Presented by :-
R.Raman Maurya
M.Sc. (Ag.) Agroforestry
I’d no. :- 21430AGF025

2. CONTENTS
• SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION
• DESCRIPTION
• ORIGIN AND DISTRIBUTION
• CLIMATE AND SOIL
• PHENOLOGY
• SILVICULTURAL CHARACTERS
• PROPAGATION MATERIAL
• PROPAGATION METHOD
• NURSERY PRACTICES
• CARE & MANAGEMENT FOR PLANTING
• INJURIES, PEST AND DISEASES
• ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
• OTHER SERVICES

3. SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION
Kingdom Plantae
Subkingdom Tracheobionata
Super division Spermatophyta
Division Magnoliophyta
Class Magnoliopsida
Subclass Rosidae
Order Myrtales
Family Combretaceae
Genus Terminalia
Species arjuna
Chromosome Number 2n= 24

4. DESCRIPTION
• Terminalia arjuna is an evergreen tree, 25-30
m tall and with an often buttressed trunk.
• Its superficial, shallow root system spreads
radially along stream banks.
• The large, spreading crown produces
drooping branches.
• Bark is grey or pinkish-green, thick, smooth
and exfoliating in thin irregular sheets.

5. LEAVES
• Leaves are simple, opposite
oblong or elliptic oblong, hard,
often inequilateral margin,
apex obtuse base rounded.

6. INFLORESCENCE AND FLOWER
INFLORESCENCE:-
• Inflorescences are short axillary
spikes or small terminal panicles,
long branches.
FLOWERS:-
• Flowers are small, cup-shaped,
sessile, white, creamy or greenish-
white and strongly honey-scented.

7. FRUIT
• Fruit are long, dark brown to
reddish-brown fibrous woody,
indehiscent drupe with 5-7
equal thick narrow stiff-wings
and striated with numerous
upwards-curved veins.

8. ORIGIN & DISTRIBUTION
ORIGIN:
NATIVE - India, Sri Lanka etc.
EXOTIC - Bangladesh, China, Cuba,
Ghana, Malaysia, Mauritius etc.
DISTRIBUTION :
• The species is common in mixed dry
deciduous tropical forests through-out
the greater part of India.
• It is often found along the water
courses, and planted anywhere as
avenue tree.

9. CLIMATE AND SOIL
• CLIMATE :-
• The plant naturally occurs in sub-tropical and tropical moist
regions of the country.
• Altitude – 100 – 1200 msl
• Mean annual rainfall – 750 – 1900mm
• Mean annual temperature – 20-30 0C
SOIL :-
• The tree prefers alluvial loamy or black cotton soils and having
good drainage and water holding capacity.
• River bank soils, streams, and ravines are its natural habitat.
• SOIL pH: It grows well on fertile soil and pH 6.5-7.0
especially, moist, alluvial loam with good water supply and
drainage.

10. PHENOLOGY
• The tree is evergreen tree with new leaves
appearing in the hot season before leaf fall.
• Flowering – April to may up to July.
• Fruit ripening – February to May
• Every 3rd year is a good seed year about
775 – 800 seed are weighing 1 kg

11. SILVICULTURAL CHARACTERISTICS
• Evergreen tree
• Light demander
• Frost resistant
• Drought sensitive
• Fire sensitive
• High coppicing and pollarding
capacity

12. CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS
Chemical Compound Properties
Tannins Used in Photography, Dyeing, Clarifying of Wine and Beer.
Triterpenoids Antipyretic, Diuretic, Cardio tonic, Hepatoprotective.
Ellagic Acid Used to prevent cancer and treatment of Viral and Bacterial infection.
Arjunolic Acid Prevention of myocardial necrosis, platelets aggregation and Coagulation of blood and lowering of
BP and heart rate.
Arjunenin Show Beta Glucuronidase inhibitory activity and it is antiviral and antifungal properties
Luteolin Hypertension, inflammatory disorder and reduce the cancer cell growth.
Phytosterol Therapeutic steroids, Anticholesterolemic properties.
Saponin Decrease Blood lipids, cancer risk, Low blood glucose
Flavonoids Helps to regulate circular activity and fight of free radicles that cause stress in body.
Gallic Acid It is common antioxidant tea formulation and also known as Ayurvedic herb.
Oligomeric Acid Used to soften Thermoplastic

13. PROPAGATION MATERIAL
• Propagation gives best result when seeds are used.
• The seeds can be collected in early summer from
trees that are more than six-year-old.
• Ripe fruits are collected in march either by lopping
the branches or from the ground.
• The seeds are viable for at least one year when
stored in sealed tins.

14. METHOD OF PROPAGATION
These are of two types i.e.
1. Natural regeneration
2. Artificial propagation
NATURAL REGENERATION:
• Arjun reproduce itself satisfactorily, naturally, by seed as well as coppice. Seed is dispersed by water, its
regeneration is appear along water course.
• Dense seedling regeneration comes up in loose alluvial soil along stream bank. It can stand light shade.
• Young natural seedling may keep on dying back 6 to 7 year but later on a strong vigorous leading shoot
may develop.
• Arjun coppices well up to 25cm diameter also pollard well and produce root sucker.

15. ARTIFICIAL PROPAGATION:
• Arjun can be successfully raised by direct sowing, planting out
of entire nursery seedling or stump planting.
• Air layering is also reported to be successful.
• DIRECT SOWING: Fruit are sown in dug up lines 2.3- 4 m
apart in June-July with onset of monsoon rains.
• It can be raised successfully in Taungya system.
• Seedling are sensitive to drip and frost, rains weeding are
beneficial.
• PLANTING SEEDLING: Two to three month old nursery
raised entire plant with ball of earth, with average length of
root and shoot about 30cm and 12.5cm respectively, are
planted out after removing all leaves.

16. NURSERY TECHNIQUE
• Seeds are sown in nursery beds in early summer, usually just after collection.
• Germination commences in 8–12 days, and is completed in about 20 days .
Germinated seeds may be transplanted in polybags with clay, manure, and sand in
equal ratio.
• Alternatively, the pretreated fruits are directly put in polythene bags in April, with
half of the fruit above the soil.
• Pre-germinated seeds are preferred to save time and ensure uniform germination.
• The seedlings are sensitive to drought during the germination stage as well as
during the growth stage

17. CARE AND MANAGEMENT FOR PLANTING
• Arjun seedling attain plant able size in 10 – 12 month.
• They are planted in month of July – August.
• Planting is done in pits of 30 x 45 cm dug well in advance
field with mixture of top soil and well decomposed FYM in
ratio 3:1.
• 10 kg FYM + 75:50:30 g per plant at basal dose.
• After plantation vocational weeding and watering at least for
one year of planting.
• Protect from animal.

18. INJURIES, PEST AND DISEASE
• INJURIES: Young seedling are sensitive to
frost and drought.
• INSECTS: Arjun tree does not suffer
from any serious effect of pest attack. But
also effected some specific pest i.e. Larva of
Apoderus tranquebaricus feed inside rolled
leaves, beetles of Crossotarsus minax and
Lyctus africanus bore into newly fallen or
felled wood and Galina generic defoliate the
plant.
Apoderus tranquebaricus Crossotarsus minax
Lyctus africanus
Galina generic

19. • Fungi: Polystrictus affinis causes white fibrous rot.
Polystrictus affinis
Yield
About 500 kg dried bark can be obtained from 1 hectare of plantation every
year from the 10th year.

20. ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE
•T. arjuna has been widely used in ayurvedic
medicine for the treatment of cancer,
dermatological and heart diseases and urinary
disorders.
•The bark is useful in treatment of high blood
pressure and ulcers.
•The cancer cell growth inhibitory constituent
(luteolin) has been isolated from bark, stem and
leaves of T. arjuna.
MEDICINAL PROPERTIES

22. • TIMBER :- The sapwood is pinkish-white and the heartwood is
brown to dark-brown, very hard, coarse-texture, inter-locked grains.
• FODDER:- It is widely planted for livestock fodder in India where
leaves are heavily lopped.
• The leaves contain 9-11% crude protein and 14-20% crude fiber.
• FUEL :- It is a excellent source of charcoal and firewood.
• TANNIN OR DYESTUFF:- The bark (22–24%) and fruit (7–20%)
are used as tanning and dyeing material.

23. OTHER SERVICES
• Erosion control
• Shade
• Intercropping
• Ornamental
• Reclamation
• Pollution control
• Silk production