The document discusses advances in seed production methodology for dolichos beans. It describes two main types of dolichos beans cultivated - Lablab purpureus var. typicus and Lablab purpureus var. lignosus. Several high yielding varieties developed by IIHR like Arka Jay, Arka Vijay for bush types and Arka Swagath, Arka Prasidhi for pole types are mentioned. The document provides details on season, soil requirements, spacing, manure and fertilizer application, plant protection measures and harvesting techniques for dolichos bean cultivation. Yield ranges from 10-12 tonnes per hectare for bush types and 15-20 tonnes per hectare for pole types.
Pea is an important vegetable in India; the crop is generally cultivated for its green pods. It is highly nutritive and is rich in protein. It is used as a vegetable or in soup, canned frozen or dehydrate. It is cooked as a vegetable along or with potatoes. Split grains of pea are widely used for dal. Pea straw is a nutritious fodder.
this power point presentation is about seed production in maize regarding the sowing, planting ratio, isolation distance, seed standards, climate and soil requirements etc
Pea is an important vegetable in India; the crop is generally cultivated for its green pods. It is highly nutritive and is rich in protein. It is used as a vegetable or in soup, canned frozen or dehydrate. It is cooked as a vegetable along or with potatoes. Split grains of pea are widely used for dal. Pea straw is a nutritious fodder.
this power point presentation is about seed production in maize regarding the sowing, planting ratio, isolation distance, seed standards, climate and soil requirements etc
The Presentation is prepared by N.S Institution of science, Markapur.
It consists of a basic introduction related to hybrid seed production related to rice.
This presentation covers the production technology of the arhar crop. It also includes the latest data with respect to the area and production in India and a little about its origin and botany of the plant.
BRINJAL CULTIVATION , PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF BRINJAL Arvind Yadav
BRINJAL CULTIVATION , PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF BRINJAL .BRINJAL
Botanical name : Solanum melongena
Family : Solanaceae
Chromosome No. : 2n = 24
Origin : India
Common name : Eggplant, Aubergine.
Economic importance and uses :-
It is an annual crop cultivated all over India.
The fruits are available practically throughout the year.
Brinjal fruits are a good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins particularly ‘B’ group.
Analysis of 100 g of edible fruit contains 91.5g of water, 6.4 g of Carbohydrates, 1.3g of Protein, 0.3g of fat and 0.5g of mineral matters.
Its green leaves are the main source of vitamin C (38-104.7mg/100g).
Economic importance and uses :-
It is an annual crop cultivated all over India.
The fruits are available practically throughout the year.
Brinjal fruits are a good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins particularly ‘B’ group.
Analysis of 100 g of edible fruit contains 91.5g of water, 6.4 g of Carbohydrates, 1.3g of Protein, 0.3g of fat and 0.5g of mineral matters.
Its green leaves are the main source of vitamin C (38-104.7mg/100g).
Economic importance and uses :-
It is an annual crop cultivated all over India.
The fruits are available practically throughout the year.
Brinjal fruits are a good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins particularly ‘B’ group.
Analysis of 100 g of edible fruit contains 91.5g of water, 6.4 g of Carbohydrates, 1.3g of Protein, 0.3g of fat and 0.5g of mineral matters.
Its green leaves are the main source of vitamin C (38-104.7mg/100g).
Training is an important operation in grapes.
It helps to maintain the stature and spread of the vine and facilitates operations like pruning, intercultivation, spraying and harvesting.
Many training systems are in vogue in India, but the most popular are Bower, Telephone and Kniffin systems.
The Presentation is prepared by N.S Institution of science, Markapur.
It consists of a basic introduction related to hybrid seed production related to rice.
This presentation covers the production technology of the arhar crop. It also includes the latest data with respect to the area and production in India and a little about its origin and botany of the plant.
BRINJAL CULTIVATION , PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF BRINJAL Arvind Yadav
BRINJAL CULTIVATION , PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY OF BRINJAL .BRINJAL
Botanical name : Solanum melongena
Family : Solanaceae
Chromosome No. : 2n = 24
Origin : India
Common name : Eggplant, Aubergine.
Economic importance and uses :-
It is an annual crop cultivated all over India.
The fruits are available practically throughout the year.
Brinjal fruits are a good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins particularly ‘B’ group.
Analysis of 100 g of edible fruit contains 91.5g of water, 6.4 g of Carbohydrates, 1.3g of Protein, 0.3g of fat and 0.5g of mineral matters.
Its green leaves are the main source of vitamin C (38-104.7mg/100g).
Economic importance and uses :-
It is an annual crop cultivated all over India.
The fruits are available practically throughout the year.
Brinjal fruits are a good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins particularly ‘B’ group.
Analysis of 100 g of edible fruit contains 91.5g of water, 6.4 g of Carbohydrates, 1.3g of Protein, 0.3g of fat and 0.5g of mineral matters.
Its green leaves are the main source of vitamin C (38-104.7mg/100g).
Economic importance and uses :-
It is an annual crop cultivated all over India.
The fruits are available practically throughout the year.
Brinjal fruits are a good source of calcium, phosphorus, iron and vitamins particularly ‘B’ group.
Analysis of 100 g of edible fruit contains 91.5g of water, 6.4 g of Carbohydrates, 1.3g of Protein, 0.3g of fat and 0.5g of mineral matters.
Its green leaves are the main source of vitamin C (38-104.7mg/100g).
Training is an important operation in grapes.
It helps to maintain the stature and spread of the vine and facilitates operations like pruning, intercultivation, spraying and harvesting.
Many training systems are in vogue in India, but the most popular are Bower, Telephone and Kniffin systems.
Spine gourd, popularly known as kankad and kartoli.
Its vines are annual. The crop planted, once will give yield at least three to four years or so.
The tubers are left in situ and they over winter.
Spine gourd is underutilized vegetables of high nutritional, medicinal and economic value.
Origin, Distribution, Botanical description, Cytogenetics, Genetic resources, Climate and soil, Propagation, Manures and fertilizers, Irrigation, Interculture, Use of PGR, Plant protection, Harvesting, Yield and Storage of Sponge gourd
Ang Chong Yi Navigating Singaporean Flavors: A Journey from Cultural Heritage...Ang Chong Yi
In the heart of Singapore, where tradition meets modernity, He embarks on a culinary adventure that transcends borders. His mission? Ang Chong Yi Exploring the Cultural Heritage and Identity in Singaporean Cuisine. To explore the rich tapestry of flavours that define Singaporean cuisine while embracing innovative plant-based approaches. Join us as we follow his footsteps through bustling markets, hidden hawker stalls, and vibrant street corners.
Vietnam Mushroom Market Growth, Demand and Challenges of the Key Industry Pla...IMARC Group
The Vietnam mushroom market size is projected to exhibit a growth rate (CAGR) of 6.52% during 2024-2032.
More Info:- https://www.imarcgroup.com/vietnam-mushroom-market
Hamdard Laboratories (India), is a Unani pharmaceutical company in India (following the independence of India from Britain, "Hamdard" Unani branches were established in Bangladesh (erstwhile East Pakistan) and Pakistan). It was established in 1906 by Hakeem Hafiz Abdul Majeed in Delhi, and became
a waqf (non-profitable trust) in 1948. It is associated with Hamdard Foundation, a charitable educational trust.
Hamdard' is a compound word derived from Persian, which combines the words 'hum' (used in the sense of 'companion') and 'dard' (meaning 'pain'). 'Hamdard' thus means 'a companion in pain' and 'sympathizer in suffering'.
The goals of Hamdard were lofty; easing the suffering of the sick with healing herbs. With a simple tenet that no one has ever become poor by giving, Hakeem Abdul Majeed let the whole world find compassion in him.
They had always maintained that working in old, traditional ways would not be entirely fruitful. A broader outlook was essential for a continued and meaningful existence. their effective team at Hamdard helped the system gain its pride of place and thus they made an entry into an expansive world of discovery and research.
Hamdard Laboratories was founded in 1906 in Delhi by Hakeem Hafiz Abdul Majeed and Ansarullah Tabani, a Unani practitioner. The name Hamdard means "companion in suffering" in Urdu language.(itself borrowed from Persian) Hakim Hafiz Abdul Majeed was born in Pilibhit City UP, India in 1883 to Sheikh Rahim Bakhsh. He is said to have learnt the complete Quran Sharif by heart. He also studied the origin of Urdu and Persian languages. Subsequently, he acquired the highest degree in the unani system of medicine.
Hakim Hafiz Abdul Majeed got in touch with Hakim Zamal Khan, who had a keen interest in herbs and was famous for identifying medicinal plants. Having consulted with his wife, Abdul Majeed set up a herbal shop at Hauz Qazi in Delhi in 1906 and started to produce herbal medicine there. In 1920 the small herbal shop turned into a full-fledged production house.
Hamdard Foundation was created in 1964 to disburse the profits of the company to promote the interests of the society. All the profits of the company go to the foundation.
After Abdul Majeed's death, his son Hakeem Abdul Hameed took over the administration of Hamdard Laboratories at the age of fourteen.
Even with humble beginnings, the goals of Hamdard were lofty; easing the suffering of the sick with healing herbs. With a simple tenet that no one has ever become poor by giving, Hakeem Abdul Majeed let the whole world find compassion in him. Unfortunately, he passed away quite early but his wife, Rabia Begum, with the support of her son, Hakeem Abdul Hameed, not only kept the institution in existence but also expanded it. As he grew up, Hakeem Abdul Hameed took on all responsibilities. After helping with his younger brother's upbringing and education, he included him in running the institution. Both brothers Hakeem Abdul Hameed and Hakim Mohammed
Roti Bank Hyderabad: A Beacon of Hope and NourishmentRoti Bank
One of the top cities of India, Hyderabad is the capital of Telangana and home to some of the biggest companies. But the other aspect of the city is a huge chunk of population that is even deprived of the food and shelter. There are many people in Hyderabad that are not having access to
Roti Bank Hyderabad: A Beacon of Hope and Nourishment
Dolichos seed production
1. Advances in Seed Production
Methodology in Dolichos Beans
Dr. B.R. RaghuDr. B.R. Raghu
Scientist (Plant Breeding)Scientist (Plant Breeding)
Division of Vegetable CropsDivision of Vegetable Crops
IIHR, BANGALOREIIHR, BANGALORE
raghubr@iihr.res.inraghubr@iihr.res.in
2. INTRODUCTION
Dolichos bean, [Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet] is
an important leguminous vegetable of India.
It is mainly grown for its tender green pods.
Mature fresh green seeds are also used as
vegetable and dry seeds as pulse.
Dolichos is rich in protein, minerals and vitamins
and fiber.
It is grown both as commercial crop and also in
the gardens and back yards.
Dolichos bean is also known as hyacinth bean or
Indians bean. In northern Indian it is commonly
called sem.
3. INTRODUCTION
Dolichos is grown in states like Maharashtra,
Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, UP, and North East
India. It is s also popular in many South Asian
countries and in Africa.
4. Types
There are two types of dolichos bean, which are commonly
cultivated:
1. Lablab purpureus var. typicus: The pod walls are
parchment less; hence whole pod is used in cooking.
Majority are pole types with varied pod size and colour. Few
bush types were developed in India through breeding. Both
pole types and bush types are commercially grown.
2. Lablab purpureus var. lignosus: It is also known as field
bean. Here, pod walls contain high amount of fiber and
hence whole pod is unsuitable for consumption. Only
mature green seeds and dry seeds (pulse) are edible. It is
very commonly cultivated as rain fed crop between June to
January particularly in states like Karnataka and Andhra
Pradesh. In this group also, both pole and bush types are
available.
5. Season and Temperature
Dolichos bean is relatively cool season crop, The
bush types which are photo insensitive, can be grown
during all the three seasons.
Pole types however are photosensitive. Hence,
they are sown usually during June – July and fruiting
is between November and January and sometimes
extending up to February.
6. Soil
A well-drained humus rich sandy loam soils is
suited for growing dolichos. It thrives well under
wide range of soils if proper drainage is provided.
7. Varieties
Bush types: IIHR, Bangalore was the premier
institute to develop two dwarf bush photo insensitive
vegetable dolichos. These are Arka Jay and Arka
Vijay.
Arka Jay: Leaves are light green. Flowers are purple.
Pods are light green and slightly curved, bulged
along the mid line and are without aroma. Pod yield
12 t/ha. in 85 days.
Arka Vijay: Plants are slightly shorter than Arka Jay.
Leaves dark green. Flowers white. Pods are dark
green, nearly flat, seeds bold. Pod yield 12 t/ha. in 85
days.
Other bush type from IIHR: Arka Amogh, Arka
Sowmya, Arka Sambhram
8. Varieties
Konkan Bushan: This was released by Konkan
Krishi Vidyapeeth, Maharashtra. It is a medium tall
variety. Flowers white. Pods green. Pod yield 12 to
14 t/ha. in 90 to 100 days. Besides, many private
companies have also released bush types in recent
years.
Pole types: Pusa Early Prolific is a selection made
at the IARI, New Delhi, is a promising vegetable
types in dolichos bean. Swarna Ukrisht was recently
released through AICRP by the HAF institute
Ranchi. TNAU, Coimbatore has released many Co
varieties of dolichos. JDL 53 (Jabalpur) was
developed by JNKVV, Jabalpur. Arka Swagath and
othre 6 pole types dolichos released by IIHR
9. Inputs
Seed rate: 35 kg/ ha. for bush varieties
and 4 kg/ha. for pole varieties.
Farm yard manure: 10 t/ha.
Inorganic fertilizers per hectare:
N 25 kg; P 75 kg; K 60 kg
11. Land preparation
Bring the soil to fine tilth
Apply full dose of farm yard manure
Mix half dose of N and full dose of P and K fertilizers
and apply in the form of bands
Make the ridges of 3 to 4 meters long
Heap the soil over these bands to make plantingHeap the soil over these bands to make planting
ridges. The ridges can be 3 to 4 meters longridges. The ridges can be 3 to 4 meters long
Irrigate two days before sowingIrrigate two days before sowing
12. Seed treatment and
sowing
• Treat the seeds with Captan or Bavistin (2g/kg.of
seeds) to prevent root rot diseases.
• The ideal time for sowing the bush varieties is in
the first fortnight of June, October and February.
The pole and semi pole varieties are sown during
June – July. Sowing is done when the soil is in
condition (wet and friable). Open slender shallow
furrows on one side of the ridges. Dibble seeds in
shallow furrows. Cover seeds with thin layer of
soil.
13. Irrigation,weeding and
earthing up
Irrigate the plot two days after the sowing and
thereafter at every 4 to 5 days interval depending up
on availability of moisture. No excess moisture
Keep the plots weed free. Two hand weeding before
earthing up and fortnightly weeding thereafter may
be done
Apply remaining half dose of N after 25 to 30 days of
sowing before flowering and earth up
14. Plant protection
Rust, septoria, cercospora leaf spot and yellow
mosaic virus are common. Spraying Sulfex 2 g/liter
can control rust. Septoria and Cercospora leaf spot
can be controlled by spraying Dithane M45 2 gm /
liter.
White flies transmit yellow mosaic viruses. These
vectors can be controlled by spraying
monocroptophos 1.5 ml/litre. The spray can be
repeated for controlling aphids and pod borers.
Mites can be controlled by spraying Kelthane 2 ml
per liter
15. Harvesting and Yield
Pods can be harvested when they are mature,
tender and are fully-grown. In field bean green seeds
should be mature and bold before harvesting.
In bush varieties pod yield ranges between 10 to
12 tonnes per hectare.
In pole varieties it s is 15 to 20 tonnes per ha.
25. Curry leaf (Murraya koenigii (L.) Spreng., syn. Bergera koenigii L., Chalcas
koenigii (L.) Kurz., 2n = 18), a popular perennial leafy vegetable, is an
aromatic, pubescent, deciduous shrub or small tree growing up to 6 min
height.
Rich sources of calcium and vitamin A (ß-carotene)
100g of fresh leaves contains: 830mg of Ca; 12,600 I.U. of vitamin A (ß-
carotene); 57mg of Phosphorous; 7mg of Iron; 2.3mg of nicotinic acid; 4mg
of vitamin C
Besides, moisture, 63.2-66.3%; fiber, 6.4-6.8%; protein, 6.1%;
carbohydrates, 18.7%; fat (ether extract), 1.0%; mineral matter, 4.2% and
ash, 13%
Usage: Culinary, pharmaceutical
INTRODUCTION
26. Package of practices
Temperature: 16-300
c (not less than 160
c)
Soil: Red sandy loam soil
Varieties: DWD-1 (Suhasini) and DWD-2
Planting : Seeds/seedling
July-August
Spacing: 3 X 1.5 mt
Fertilizers: 50g: 25g: 25g
300g: 50g: 50g
10kg FYM/Pit
Diseases: leaf spot (Mancozeb 2g)
Leaf Yield: 20-25 t/ha