The document provides comprehensive information about the plant Indigofera tinctoria, commonly known as true indigo, including its classification, origin, habitat, and uses. It highlights the plant's significance in producing natural indigo dye and its medicinal properties for various health conditions. Additionally, it covers aspects of production technology, such as propagation, harvesting methods, and yields in India.

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2. Presented By:
Adnan Ashraf Niazi
Roll No. BAGF13M096
Department of Agronomy
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University college of agriculture ,UOS

3. Contents:
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 Introduction of plant
 Vernacular Names
 Origin and History
 Habitat
 Importance
 Botanical description
 Production technology
 Bibliography

4. Introduction of Plant:
Kingdom:
Plantae
Phylum:
Angiosperms
Class:
Eudicots
Family:
Fabaceae
Genus:
Indigofera
Species:
Tinctorea
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Indigo

5. Vernacular Names:
Botanical Name:
Indigophora tinctorea
Sanskrit:
Neelpushpa
Hindi:
Gouli,Lil
English:
Common Indigo, True Indigo
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6. Origin and History:
 The origin of Indigofera tinctoria is not
known
 It possibly originates from India.
 Its range has been greatly extended by its
cultivation for indigo
 It occurs wild or naturalized in most
countries of Africa, in Asia from Arabia to
South-East Asia and in Australia.
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7. Origin and History:
 In tropical America it certainly has been
introduced
The plant is found in
 South and South East Asia
 Tropical Africa and India
 floral region is North America
 The plant is cultivated in many parts of
India, specially Central-East regions of
Bihar, and West Bangal.
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8. Habitat
It occurs at 0–1000 m altitude, in
regions with an annual rainfall of 500–
1500 mm and average annual
temperature of 23°C. Too much
continuous rain, water logging and
flooding kill plants; excessive heat and
hot winds cause withering.
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9. Habitat:
Indigofera tinctoria occurs in seasonally
flooded grassy fields with scattered
trees, and also in roadsides, and on
riverbanks, cultivated grounds and
sandy coasts.
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10. Uses:
As fodder Indigofera tinctoria is hardly
of value. In Kenya it is sometimes fed to
camels and sheep, and goats
occasionally eat it, but in India it is
considered unpalatable to cattle.
The leaves of the indigo plant are a
major source of natural indigo, a blue
dye used to dye jeans(textile).
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11. Uses:
Indigofera tinctoria is used to produce
the dye indigo.
Indigofera tinctoria is a popular green
manure, increasing rice yield while
reducing the need to supply expensive
nitrogen fertilizer to about half.
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12. Medicinal Importance:
The plant is useful in asthma,
enlargement of spleen and liver,
Intestinal obstruction, skin diseases
and ulcers.
The plant is also used for promoting
growth of hairs.
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13. Medicinal Importance:
The juice of leaves added with milk is
administered in hydrophobia
The leaves are applied externally as
poultice in various skin diseases, scabies,
to cleanse and heal wounds ulcers
The extract of plant is useful in
neuropathy.
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14. Medicinal Importance:
The juice of young branches mixed
with honey is used in ulcers of mouth.
The leaves are useful in asthma, cough
palpitation of heart certain lung
disorders and kidney disorders.
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15. Botanical Description:
A shrub up to 2m high,,
Annual to perennial herb or sub-
shrub
Stem:
Stem erect
whitish, 2-branched hairs.
Leaves:
Leaves arranged spirally, 1.5–3 mm
long;
petiole up to 2 cm long,
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Botanical Description:
Indigofera tinctoria

17. Botanical Description:
Flowers:
 Inflorescence a sessile,
many-flowered auxiliary
raceme up to 6 cm long.
 Flowers bisexual , small red
or pinkish flowers.
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Flowering branch

18. Botanical Description:
Fruit:
Fruit a linear pod 20–35 mm long and 2 mm
wide and thick, straight or slightly curved,
rounded in cross-section, brown when ripe,
7–12-seeded fruits slender pods, source of
indigo color
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19. Botanical Description:
Seeds:
 Seeds shortly oblong,
2 mm × 1.5 mm, in
cross-section.
Seedling with epigeal
germination;
cotyledons thick;
& Hard seed coat.
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20. Production Technology:
Seed Rate:
Propagation is by seed, of which 20–30
kg/ha is needed.
Seed Treatment:
The seeds commonly have a hard seed
coat and soaking overnight in water or
scarification with sulphuric acid can
improve germination to over 90%.
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21. Production Technology:
Preparation of land:
Fields are prepared by hoeing or by one or two
plowings after showers followed by light
harrowing
Sowing Method:
 Broadcast sowing is often done
 Sowing in a nursery and transplanting into
the field may also be practiced
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22. Production Technology:
Management
The crop normally requires little attention
after sowing. Weeding is done when needed.
Although Indigofera tinctoria is nitrogen
fixing by its root nodules, additional N
fertilization is not uncommon.
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23. Production Technology:
Diseases and pests
No reports on diseases or pests are available
for African countries. In Java Indigofera
tinctoria is little susceptible to diseases or
pests; in humid conditions. Plants may be
attacked by Corticium salmonicolor. In the
Philippines pests include chrysomelid beetles
and Cletus spp.
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24. Production Technology:
Harvesting
Branches are harvested by cutting 10–20 cm
above ground level when the plants are 4–5
months old and have formed a closed stand,
usually at the flowering stage. The crop
should be harvested promptly because
heavy rains or flooding can destroy it in a
few hours.
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25. Production Technology:
Harvesting:
In India harvested branches are tied
into bundles of about 130 kg and
transported to the dye factory. Up to 3
harvests are possible per year when it is
grown as a ratoon crop.
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26. Production Technology:
Yield
In India the yield of green plant
material per harvest is 10–13 t/ha. The
dye yield is not known.
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27. Bibliography:
 A hand book of Medicinal Herbs, by
Dr. Dhananjay J Deshpande
 http://iu.ff.cuni.cz/pandanus/database/details.php?id
=642
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