this is slide about the phyto chemicalr or phyto constituents present in the periwinkle

1.  Presented by MERO YANGFO
 M.Sc 3st sem
 HAPPRC

2. S.no CONTENT
Introduction
2 Botanical description
Distribution
4 Active component
Therapeutic properties
6 Cultivation and uses
7 Verities
8 Climate
9 Soil
0 Land preparation
2 sowing
3 Time of sowing
4 Interculture
5 Pest and diseases
6 Harvesting and post harvesting
7 Yield

3.  Vernacular name : Madagascar periwinkle, rose
periwinkle, vinca.
 Trade name : Madagascar periwinkle, vinea.
 Kingdom : Plantae.
 Order : Gentianales
 Family name : Apocynaceae.
 Genus : Catharanthus.
 Status : Mostly cultivated.
 Part used : Leaves and roots.
Catharanthus roseus (L.) G. Don

4. Botanical Description
 LEAVES – leave are oval shaped 2.5-9 cm long
and 1-3.5 cm broad
Leave are arranged in opposite paired.
 FRUITS - Each fruits is made up of two narrow
cylindrical follicle which house
numerous grooved seeds.
 FLOWER – It has attractive white, pink, flower
comprising five petals spreading from a
long tubular throat.

5. Distribution
Catharanthus roseus is native to the Indian Ocean
Island of Madagascar.
This herb is now common in many tropical and
subtropical region world wide.
It is cultivated as Ornamental as well as medicinal
purpose.
It is an evergreen subshrub or herbaceous plant
growing to 1m tall.
Propagate by seeds or by stem cutting.

6. Active Content
 Rosindin is an anthocyanidin pigment found in
flowers of c. Roseus.
 Two main constituent extract from it that are:
- vinblastine
-vincristine
that are used in treatment of Leukemia.
Chemotherapy medications used to treat several types of
cancers.

7. Therapeutic Properties/Uses
 Anti cancer property
 Anti diabetic property
 Anti bacterial property
 Anti oxidant property
 Anti ulcer property
 Anti diarrheal property

8. Cultivation and Uses
 The species has long been cultivated for herbal
medicine and as an ornamental.
 Use as traditional and therapeutic properties.
 In Ayurveda the extracts of its roots and shoots
through poisonous is used against several disease.
 It can be dangerous if consumed orally.
 It can be extremely toxic.

9. VARIETIES
 C. roseus var. alba
 C. roseus var. roseus
 C. roseus var.ocillate

10. Climatic
 It has no specific climatic requirements.
 It considered to be a part of tropical or sub-tropical
region.
SOIL
 It can be grow in any types of soil.
 Except highly saline alkaline.
 Heavy soils are not suitable for its cultivation.
 pH of 5.5-5.8.

11. Land Preparation
 The land prepared by ploughing, hoeing, planking
and dressed FYM (10-15 t/ha).
 Seed rate-2.5-3 kg/ha
 Stem cuttings-1000-13000/ha
SOWING
 Freshly harvest seeds upto 1 year old can be used.
 For optimum germination pre soaking for a day is
better.
 During winter months the crop slow down its growth.

12. Time of sowing the seeds
 Seed are sown during spring and it delayed just before
monsoon.
 Manure and fertilizers= The crops responds well to
manuring with Nitrogen 80-120kg/ha, potash and
phosphorous=40kg/ha can be applied profitably in
sandy soil.
INTERCULTURE
 The crop required 4-5 irrigation around the year.
 First weeding is done 20-30 days after planting.
 The land must not be waterlogged.

13. Pest and Disease
 No major disease or pest have observed.
 Water logging is harmful for the growth of the crop
and therefore good drainage is essential.
 Termites and soil-borne insect sometimes infest the
growing seedling. Adding BHC(0.5%) to the soil before
planting protects the seedlings.
 Periodical spraying of Diethane Z-78 controls Die-
back, bud rot and other fungal infections.

14. HARVESTING
 The first harvest of leaves is done at 6 months and
harvest at 3 months intervals.
 Roots are harvested only once after year. During this
period two leaf striping are obtained and third when
the whole plants is harvested.
 For harvesting the roots plants are cut 7cm above the
ground level, the field irrigated and ploughed and the
roots collected and washed.

15. Post Harvesting
 Roots harvested are washed under shade and dried by
hot air during the rainy season.
 Then the roots are taken to factories for extraction of
alkaloids.

16. Yield and cost benefit analysis
Leaves - 1500-2000kg/ha
Roots - 600-700 kg/ha
 Planting material-2.5-3kg Seeds/hac= 2.5-3x100=250-300 Rs
Stem cutting- 1000-1300 cutting (3rs/cutting)= 3000-4000 Rs/ ha
 Cost of cultivation-20000 (Include-land preparation, manure,
cultural practises, harvesting etc)
 Miscellaneous- 5000 Rs
 Total yield (Leaves), -1500x20=30000, 2000x20=40000 rs/ha
 Root-600x30=18000, 700x30=21000 Rs/ha
 Total output -3000+18000=48000 Rs/ha
 Net benefit=-48000-28000=20000 Rs/ha*
 *Approx.