The document discusses the production of ethanol from various sources. It begins by defining ethanol as a colorless, flammable liquid with the chemical formula C2H5OH. It then discusses the history of ethanol production dating back 9,000 years in China. The document outlines the main raw materials used like saccharine and starchy materials. It also discusses the key microorganisms involved in fermentation like yeast and bacteria. The three main generations of ethanol production are described along with differences between them and industrial production methods. Advantages like reduced greenhouse gases and disadvantages like lower energy content compared to petroleum are highlighted.

1. Energy can neither be created nor
destroyed; Energy can only be transferred or changed
from one form to another....

2. SARDAR PATEL MAHAVIDYALAYA CHANDRAPUR
DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY
(Session 2021-2022)
A SEMINAR ON
Production of Ethanol from
different sources
PRESENTED BY
DEEPAK CHAWHAN
(M.Sc. II Yr. Semester III)

3. Energy can neither be created nor
destroyed; Energy can only be transferred or changed
from one form to another....
“Biofuels are the future of energy in this
nation and around the world.”
~Rod Blagojevich

4. 4
What is Ethanol?
◦ Ethanol is a volatile, flammable, colorless liquid
with a slight chemical odor.
◦ It is also known as grain alcohol, ethyl alcohol and
drinking alcohol.
◦ It’s the intoxicating agent in fermented and
distilled liquors; used pure or denatured as a
solvent.
◦ Empirical Formula-
◦ C2H5OH.

5. 5
• The fermentation of sugar into ethanol is one of the earliest
organic reactions that man learned to carry out and the history of
man-made ethanol is very long.
• Dried ethanol residue have been found on 9000 year old pottery in
China which indicates that Neolithic people in this part of the
world may have consumed alcoholic beverages.
• Distillation was well known by the early Greeks and Arabs. Greek
alchemists working in Alexandria during the first century A.D
carried out distillation.
• Fractional distillation was invented by Tadeo Alderotti in the 13th
century.
• The year 1796 is significant for ethanol history because this is
when Johann Tobias Lowitz obtained pure ethanol by filtering
distilled ethanol through activated charcoal.
• In mid 1800s, ethanol became one of the first structural formulas
to be determined The scientist behind the description was Scottish
chemist Archibald Scott
Earliest History-

6. 6
Raw Material Used
1. Saccharine containing products

7. 7
Raw Material Used
2. Starchy Material

8. 8
What are the uses of Ethanol?

9. 9
What are the Microorganisms used?
 Fungi
 Saccharomyces cerevisiae
 Schizosaccharomyces
 Bacteria
 Zymomonas mobilis
 Clostridium acetobutylicum
 Klebseilla pnemonia
 Candida brassica

10. INDIA,
BRAZIL
(Sugarcane)
USA
(Corn)
EUROPE
(Wheat,
Barley)
10
Crops used in various countries
for Production of Ethanol

11. 11
Production of Ethanol
Ethanol can be produced in three ways-
 First Generation Ethanol
Sugar Ethanol
Starch Sugar Ethanol
 Second Generation Ethanol
Cellulose or Hemicellulose Ethanol
Third Generation Ethanol
Algae Sugar Ethanol

12. 12
Production of Ethanol by
Fermentation
 Fermentation is the oldest way for humans to produce ethanol, and this is
the traditional way of making alcoholic beverages. It is also the process
used for the vast majority of ethanol fuels on the market.
 When certain species of yeast metabolize sugar, the end result is ethanol
and carbon dioxide. One example of such a species is Saccharomyces
cerevisiae, which has been used by brewers since ancient times.
 In Greek Saccharo means sugar and myces means fungus.
 This is the chemical formula for turning sugar into ethanol and carbon
dioxide-

13. 13
1st Generation of Ethanol

14. 14
2nd Generation of Ethanol

16. 16
3rd Generation Ethanol

17. 17
Difference in various Generation
of Production of Ethanol

18. 18
Production of Ethanol through
Ethene Hydration

19. 19
Industrial Production of Ethanol
by Wet Milling

21. 21
Advantages of Ethanol
Exhaust gases of ethanol are much
cleaner.
 Ethanol-blended fuels such as E85
(85% ethanol and 15% gasoline) reduce
up to 37.1% of Green House Gases.
Output of energy during the production
is more than the input
The CO2 released in the bioethanol
production process is the same amount as
one of the crops previously absorbed
during photosynthesis.

22. 22
Disadvantages of Ethanol
It is not as efficient as petroleum-
1. Energy content of the petrol is much higher
than bioethanol.
2. Its energy content is 70% of that of petrol.
 Engines made for working on Bioethanol
cannot be used for petrol or diesel-
1. Due to high octane number of bioethanol,
they can be burned in the engines with much
higher compression ratio.
 They have cold start difficulties aspure
ethanol is difficult to vaporise

23. References: -
1. Bioethanol Production from Food Crops, First Edition, by
Sustainable Sources and Interventions and Challenges
2. Ethanol Production , Cellular Mechanism and Health
Impact by Roy Henry, Billy Woods
3. Handbook on Bioethanol Production and Utilization, by
Charles Wyman