Problem solving involves four main steps: 1) defining the problem, 2) generating alternative solutions, 3) evaluating and selecting an alternative, and 4) implementing and following up on the solution. The document outlines the characteristics of each step, such as differentiating facts from opinions, brainstorming alternatives, evaluating options relative to goals, and establishing ongoing monitoring of the selected solution. The overall goal is to thoroughly understand the problem, consider various potential solutions, choose the best option, and ensure follow through.

1. Problem
Solving

2. What is Problem Solving
Problem solving is the act of defining a
problem; determining the cause of the
problem; identifying, prioritizing, and
selecting alternatives for a solution; and
implementing a solution.

3. Learning Outcomes
Discuss ways to solve a problem;
Solve problems using inductive
and deductive reasoning;
Solve problems using Polya’s
strategy.

4. THE PROBLEM-
SOLVING PROCESS

5. 1. Define the
Problem

6. Characteristics
Differentiate fact from opinion
Specify underlying causes
Consult each faction involved for information
State the problem specifically
Identify what standard or expectation is violated
Determine in which process the problem lies
Avoid trying to solve the problem without data

7. 2. Generate
alternative solutions

8. Characteristics
Postpone evaluating alternatives initially
Include all involved individuals in the generating of
alternatives
Specify alternatives consistent with organizational
goals
Specify short- and long-term alternatives
Brainstorm on others' ideas
Seek alternatives that may solve the problem

9. 3. Evaluate and Select an
Alternative

10. Characteristics
Evaluate alternatives relative to a target
standard
Evaluate all alternatives without bias
Evaluate alternatives relative to established
goals
Evaluate both proven and possible outcomes
State the selected alternative explicitly

11. 4. Implement and follow up on the
solution

12. Characteristics
Plan and implement a pilot test of the chosen
alternative
Gather feedback from all affected parties
Seek acceptance or consensus by all those
affected
Establish ongoing measures and monitoring
Evaluate long-term results based on final solution