This presentation will guide students through the design principles they could use to create a plant display as part of their horticulture training at Otago Polytechnic.There is a useful exercise included,please contact us for model answers.
The document discusses the key elements of three-dimensional design including form, line, plane, space, texture, color, and time. It provides definitions and examples of each element. Form can be volumes, masses, static or dynamic. Lines have qualities like orientation, direction, and continuity. Planes can be used to create volumes and masses. Space can be positive or negative. Texture provides visual or tactile qualities. Color has properties like hue, value, intensity, and temperature. Time can be actual, implied, or viewing time for analysis.
This document provides information on different types of flower arrangements including western, eastern, and modern styles. It describes the key elements of each style and gives tips for caring for cut flowers to prolong their lifespan in an arrangement. The western style uses a large number of flowers in a symmetrical mass arrangement while the eastern or ikebana style follows specific rules to arrange flowers and foliage in horizontal and vertical lines. Modern arrangements combine elements of different styles. Proper conditioning and care of cut flowers includes re-cutting stems underwater and changing the water regularly.
Scale refers to size while proportion is relative size. Artists use scale and proportion to create emphasis, focal points, and emotional effects. Very large or small scale can be arresting. Unexpected changes in scale surprise viewers. Proportion systems like the golden ratio and root rectangles provide aesthetic rules that influence artistic compositions. Scale within a work also provides meaning and clues for interpretation.
This document discusses design principles and elements including balance, movement and rhythm, pattern, emphasis, unity, line, value, colour, texture, and space. It provides examples to illustrate each principle and element, such as a symmetrical image demonstrating balance, a painting using repetition to create rhythm, and a snow scene using techniques like perspective to depict space. The principles aim to create harmony and guide the viewer's eye through a work of art.
The document discusses the principles of 3D design, including unity, variety, balance, scale and proportion, emphasis, and repetition and rhythm. It provides examples and definitions for each principle. Unity is created through similarity, grouping, containment, proximity, continuity, repetition and closure. Variety increases difference. Balance can be symmetrical, radial, or asymmetrical. Scale relates to size while proportion examines relative relationships. Emphasis is created through isolation, placement and contrast. Repetition and rhythm involve using visual elements repeatedly in deliberate patterns.
This document provides an overview of key elements and principles of interior design, including:
- The six elements of design - line, form, space, texture, color, and pattern. It discusses different types of each element and how they are used.
- The five principles of design - balance, proportion and scale, rhythm, emphasis, and unity/harmony. It gives examples of how each principle can be applied to interior design.
- Additional topics covered include how color impacts perception of space, common color schemes, using patterns to set moods, and creating focal points. Activities are suggested to help learn and apply the different elements and principles.
The document discusses different types of design including structural and decorative design. It also outlines principles of good design such as simplicity, proportionality, and suitability of materials. Key principles of design are then explained in more detail, including balance, rhythm, emphasis and subordination, proportion, and harmony. Balance can be formal, bisymmetric, obvious, or informal. Rhythm can be achieved through repetition, alternation, sequence, radiation, parallelism, or continuous line movement. Emphasis highlights key elements while subordination lessens stress on other elements. Proportion refers to the pleasing relationships between different artistic elements. Harmony implies a pleasant relationship among the combined elements of a whole design.
The document discusses the key elements of three-dimensional design including form, line, plane, space, texture, color, and time. It provides definitions and examples of each element. Form can be volumes, masses, static or dynamic. Lines have qualities like orientation, direction, and continuity. Planes can be used to create volumes and masses. Space can be positive or negative. Texture provides visual or tactile qualities. Color has properties like hue, value, intensity, and temperature. Time can be actual, implied, or viewing time for analysis.
This document provides information on different types of flower arrangements including western, eastern, and modern styles. It describes the key elements of each style and gives tips for caring for cut flowers to prolong their lifespan in an arrangement. The western style uses a large number of flowers in a symmetrical mass arrangement while the eastern or ikebana style follows specific rules to arrange flowers and foliage in horizontal and vertical lines. Modern arrangements combine elements of different styles. Proper conditioning and care of cut flowers includes re-cutting stems underwater and changing the water regularly.
Scale refers to size while proportion is relative size. Artists use scale and proportion to create emphasis, focal points, and emotional effects. Very large or small scale can be arresting. Unexpected changes in scale surprise viewers. Proportion systems like the golden ratio and root rectangles provide aesthetic rules that influence artistic compositions. Scale within a work also provides meaning and clues for interpretation.
This document discusses design principles and elements including balance, movement and rhythm, pattern, emphasis, unity, line, value, colour, texture, and space. It provides examples to illustrate each principle and element, such as a symmetrical image demonstrating balance, a painting using repetition to create rhythm, and a snow scene using techniques like perspective to depict space. The principles aim to create harmony and guide the viewer's eye through a work of art.
The document discusses the principles of 3D design, including unity, variety, balance, scale and proportion, emphasis, and repetition and rhythm. It provides examples and definitions for each principle. Unity is created through similarity, grouping, containment, proximity, continuity, repetition and closure. Variety increases difference. Balance can be symmetrical, radial, or asymmetrical. Scale relates to size while proportion examines relative relationships. Emphasis is created through isolation, placement and contrast. Repetition and rhythm involve using visual elements repeatedly in deliberate patterns.
This document provides an overview of key elements and principles of interior design, including:
- The six elements of design - line, form, space, texture, color, and pattern. It discusses different types of each element and how they are used.
- The five principles of design - balance, proportion and scale, rhythm, emphasis, and unity/harmony. It gives examples of how each principle can be applied to interior design.
- Additional topics covered include how color impacts perception of space, common color schemes, using patterns to set moods, and creating focal points. Activities are suggested to help learn and apply the different elements and principles.
The document discusses different types of design including structural and decorative design. It also outlines principles of good design such as simplicity, proportionality, and suitability of materials. Key principles of design are then explained in more detail, including balance, rhythm, emphasis and subordination, proportion, and harmony. Balance can be formal, bisymmetric, obvious, or informal. Rhythm can be achieved through repetition, alternation, sequence, radiation, parallelism, or continuous line movement. Emphasis highlights key elements while subordination lessens stress on other elements. Proportion refers to the pleasing relationships between different artistic elements. Harmony implies a pleasant relationship among the combined elements of a whole design.
The land has become an expensive unit in India due to its diversion following urbanization, industrialization etc. Further, migration and settlement of rural people in urban areas has been increasing at an alarming rate. It is estimated
that, in India, 40.76% of the population is expected to reside in urban areas by 2030. Thus, it is going to increase pressure on natural resources and production volume in the rural areas due to increasing demand for food in urban areas. The cultivated land in urban areas is already limited. Hence, the rooftop
area available on the urban households/government and non-government offices can be exploited to produce various crops. This Greener rooftop is a like a psychological relief centre, which makes households stress-free. This environmentally and economically sustainable method to promote food security, food quality and reduce the carbon footprints, has emerged as a
viable option in the recent years.
Basic design & visual arts (Elements of design)Ar.Shakti Nanda
Lecture and presentation on Elements of Design for students of architecture, fine art and photography. semester - I (2015), Sri Sri University, Odisha. 7+1 Elements of design explained (Point, Line, Shapes, Space, Form, Texture, Value, Colour) in details with examples for better understanding. Content compiled from books and internet.
0005 aesthetics and ordering systems in interior designsrmmrs2003
This document discusses the seven principles of interior design: balance, space, emphasis, rhythm, unity, proportion, and variety. It provides definitions and examples for each principle. Balance can be symmetrical, asymmetrical, or radial. Emphasis refers to focal points that draw the eye. Rhythm is created through repetition. Unity involves aligning and relating different design elements as a cohesive whole. Proportion concerns the size relationships between design elements. Variety prevents monotony by incorporating different styles.
Timber comes from trees and is classified as softwood or hardwood. Softwood comes from coniferous trees and hardwood from deciduous trees. Timber has micro and macro structures and can develop defects from conversion, fungi, insects, seasoning or natural forces. There are various wood products created through processes like veneering, plywood production, and impregnation of timber with resins. Proper seasoning and preservation of timber is required to improve its properties and increase durability.
The principles of design are techniques that artists use with the elements of art to create effective compositions. There are 11 principles: balance, contrast, emphasis, variety, unity, proportion, rhythm, movement, pattern, and repetition. Balance refers to visual equilibrium, contrast uses differences to draw attention, and emphasis creates a focal point. Variety increases interest, while unity achieves visual wholeness. Proportion deals with size relationships and rhythm implies motion. Pattern and repetition involve duplicating elements to create decoration.
Wood is a porous and fibrous material found in trees and plants. It is composed of cellulose fibers and is classified as hardwood, softwood, or fiberboard. Hardwoods come from broad-leaved trees and are dark in color, slow growing, and more expensive than softwoods, which come from conifer trees. Fiberboard is a manufactured wood made by breaking fibers down and bonding them. Wood needs to be seasoned to remove moisture and prevent cracking, shrinking, and fungal growth. Seasoning can be done naturally by air drying or artificially in a kiln for faster drying. Preservatives are treated to wood to protect it from insects and fungi and increase its lifespan. Common preservative
This document provides an introduction to landscape sculpture, including definitions, fundamentals, design principles, and different types of sculpture. It discusses form, content, and technique as the three fundamentals of sculpture. Key design principles covered include proportion, repetition, articulation, focal area, and balance. Different types of sculpture described include relief, free-standing, kinetic, and assemblage sculptures. The document also discusses positioning and siting sculptures in gardens, including considerations for height, plinths, lawns, space, perspective, scale, light and shade, and color.
The document describes key features of rural and urban landscapes. In rural landscapes, people can live in towns and villages and work in crop farming, animal farming, or fishing. Rural landscapes also include crop fields where foods like cereals and vegetables are grown, as well as farms for raising animals. Fishing ports are where boats stop to work with sea products. Urban landscapes feature cities with many residents, industrial parks near cities where many people work, and airports and seaports which transport people and products by air or sea using transport networks like motorways and railways.
The document discusses principles of design that guide how visual elements are arranged in an effective composition. It defines key principles such as balance, rhythm, emphasis, contrast, movement, and harmony. Balance refers to the visual weight distribution of elements and can be symmetrical, asymmetrical, or radial. Rhythm creates a sense of movement through repetition, gradation, or radiation of elements. Emphasis focuses attention on a central point. Contrast creates difference using elements like value and color. Movement guides the eye along a path. Harmony means all parts relate and complement through unity of idea or an interesting variety.
This document discusses key principles of interior design including balance, rhythm, space, emphasis, and unity. It defines each principle and provides examples to illustrate how they are applied. Balance can be symmetrical, asymmetrical, or radial and is used to create visual equilibrium. Rhythm introduces order and interest through repetition or alternation of design elements. Space refers to the three-dimensional area defined by length, width, and height. Emphasis is used to create focal points. Unity is achieved when all design elements work cohesively to create a unified whole.
Wood is a versatile material that has been used for centuries for construction, tools, furniture and more. It comes from both hardwood and softwood trees and its properties vary by species. Wood is composed mainly of cellulose, lignin and other materials. It has properties like strength, insulation and ability to be shaped that make it useful for many applications like flooring, structures, furniture and more. Proper installation methods like tongue-and-groove are important. Wood continues to be an important material today.
The document outlines 8 interior design principles: 1) visual balance, including symmetrical, asymmetrical, and radial balance, 2) focal points, including choosing natural or created focal points, 3) repetition of elements like pattern or color, 4) progression by increasing or decreasing qualities like size or color shade, 5) smooth transitions between areas, 6) contrast in elements like pillow shapes or furniture shapes, 7) scale and proportion between elements and spaces, and 8) finishing touches like piping or drawer handles to complete spaces. It encourages considering a home's spaces as a totality and choosing a common theme carried through color, style, and these design principles.
Grading involves separating food products into categories based on various quality factors such as size, shape, color, and presence of defects. It can be done manually or mechanically. Manual grading involves trained workers visually inspecting and sorting products. Mechanical grading uses machines like screens, roller graders, diverging belt graders, and weight graders to separate products. Screen graders use perforated screens to sort by size, roller and belt graders gradually increase space to drop smaller products first, and weight graders index products by weight. Potato graders use expanding pitch rubber spools or self-propelled combines to grade and harvest potatoes with minimal damage.
The document discusses the elements and principles of art. It defines line, shape/form, color, texture, space, value, balance, rhythm, dominance and unity as key elements. It also discusses technical and expressive properties. The elements are the building blocks that artists use to express ideas and convey emotions in their work. Understanding the elements helps in interpreting and analyzing artworks.
Discover the many benefits of gardening indoors, from extending the growing season, improved mental and cognitive health, air purification and more! This presentation is rich with in-depth information on specific plants and broad concepts for indoor gardening.
Independent Study: The Psychology of Color in an Interior SpaceBrittani Anderson
This document provides an overview of color theory and its psychological and physiological effects. It begins with definitions of color and discusses how light and the optical system affect color perception. It then explores the neuropsychological and environmental influences of color and how they can elicit emotional reactions. The document presents the results of a color association survey and provides details on color fundamentals, systems, vocabulary and harmonies. It profiles several influential color theorists and provides case studies of architectural projects that strategically incorporated color, including Fallingwater and Phoenix Children's Hospital.
The document discusses proper food storage and preservation methods to prevent spoilage. It states that microorganisms and improper storage can spoil food, causing health issues. Various traditional methods are described to control microbes and moisture, including sun drying, smoking, salting, and freezing. Commercial techniques like canning and pasteurization use high heat to kill microbes. Proper storage also protects against pests like insects and rats. Controlling moisture, temperature, and microbes through various traditional and commercial methods can prevent food spoilage and ensure long-term availability and safety.
The document discusses several principles of design including balance, emphasis, contrast, proximity, rhythm, proportion, and unity. Balance refers to the even distribution of visual weight in a composition. Emphasis uses focal points and subordination of other elements to direct attention. Contrast is created through differences in color and brightness that make objects distinguishable. Proximity groups related elements together and separates unrelated items. Rhythm uses repetition of elements to create movement and patterns. Proportion examines the relationship between parts and the whole in terms of scale. Unity makes all elements work cohesively to give the image an overall sense of oneness.
The document outlines key principles of landscape design including basic principles, artistic principles, functionality principles, and design principles. The five basic principles are color, form, line of sight, scale or balance, and texture. Color theory uses primary, secondary, tertiary, and neutral colors and how they are arranged on a color wheel. Form refers to a plant's shape. Line of sight influences eye movement. Scale and balance relate to visual relationships and sizes of landscape components. Texture considers surface qualities. Design principles include point, line, form/shape, space, and color.
Set Up, Maintain, And Dismantle Plantpowerpoint Pdfhortykim
This presentation by Lisa Short for Otago Polytechnic's course on setting up and maintaining plant displays.
Some information used in this slideshow comes from Dewayne L. Ingram, University of Florida, 2009. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/MG086
The document discusses fertilizer management for coffee production, including the types of fertilizers, identifying annual fertilizer needs based on tree age and yield, application methods and timing for chemical and organic fertilizers, improving fertilizer efficiency, which fertilizers can be mixed, and symptoms of nutrient deficiencies. It provides guidance on applying the appropriate amounts of nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, and other nutrients to maximize coffee growth, yield, and quality.
The land has become an expensive unit in India due to its diversion following urbanization, industrialization etc. Further, migration and settlement of rural people in urban areas has been increasing at an alarming rate. It is estimated
that, in India, 40.76% of the population is expected to reside in urban areas by 2030. Thus, it is going to increase pressure on natural resources and production volume in the rural areas due to increasing demand for food in urban areas. The cultivated land in urban areas is already limited. Hence, the rooftop
area available on the urban households/government and non-government offices can be exploited to produce various crops. This Greener rooftop is a like a psychological relief centre, which makes households stress-free. This environmentally and economically sustainable method to promote food security, food quality and reduce the carbon footprints, has emerged as a
viable option in the recent years.
Basic design & visual arts (Elements of design)Ar.Shakti Nanda
Lecture and presentation on Elements of Design for students of architecture, fine art and photography. semester - I (2015), Sri Sri University, Odisha. 7+1 Elements of design explained (Point, Line, Shapes, Space, Form, Texture, Value, Colour) in details with examples for better understanding. Content compiled from books and internet.
0005 aesthetics and ordering systems in interior designsrmmrs2003
This document discusses the seven principles of interior design: balance, space, emphasis, rhythm, unity, proportion, and variety. It provides definitions and examples for each principle. Balance can be symmetrical, asymmetrical, or radial. Emphasis refers to focal points that draw the eye. Rhythm is created through repetition. Unity involves aligning and relating different design elements as a cohesive whole. Proportion concerns the size relationships between design elements. Variety prevents monotony by incorporating different styles.
Timber comes from trees and is classified as softwood or hardwood. Softwood comes from coniferous trees and hardwood from deciduous trees. Timber has micro and macro structures and can develop defects from conversion, fungi, insects, seasoning or natural forces. There are various wood products created through processes like veneering, plywood production, and impregnation of timber with resins. Proper seasoning and preservation of timber is required to improve its properties and increase durability.
The principles of design are techniques that artists use with the elements of art to create effective compositions. There are 11 principles: balance, contrast, emphasis, variety, unity, proportion, rhythm, movement, pattern, and repetition. Balance refers to visual equilibrium, contrast uses differences to draw attention, and emphasis creates a focal point. Variety increases interest, while unity achieves visual wholeness. Proportion deals with size relationships and rhythm implies motion. Pattern and repetition involve duplicating elements to create decoration.
Wood is a porous and fibrous material found in trees and plants. It is composed of cellulose fibers and is classified as hardwood, softwood, or fiberboard. Hardwoods come from broad-leaved trees and are dark in color, slow growing, and more expensive than softwoods, which come from conifer trees. Fiberboard is a manufactured wood made by breaking fibers down and bonding them. Wood needs to be seasoned to remove moisture and prevent cracking, shrinking, and fungal growth. Seasoning can be done naturally by air drying or artificially in a kiln for faster drying. Preservatives are treated to wood to protect it from insects and fungi and increase its lifespan. Common preservative
This document provides an introduction to landscape sculpture, including definitions, fundamentals, design principles, and different types of sculpture. It discusses form, content, and technique as the three fundamentals of sculpture. Key design principles covered include proportion, repetition, articulation, focal area, and balance. Different types of sculpture described include relief, free-standing, kinetic, and assemblage sculptures. The document also discusses positioning and siting sculptures in gardens, including considerations for height, plinths, lawns, space, perspective, scale, light and shade, and color.
The document describes key features of rural and urban landscapes. In rural landscapes, people can live in towns and villages and work in crop farming, animal farming, or fishing. Rural landscapes also include crop fields where foods like cereals and vegetables are grown, as well as farms for raising animals. Fishing ports are where boats stop to work with sea products. Urban landscapes feature cities with many residents, industrial parks near cities where many people work, and airports and seaports which transport people and products by air or sea using transport networks like motorways and railways.
The document discusses principles of design that guide how visual elements are arranged in an effective composition. It defines key principles such as balance, rhythm, emphasis, contrast, movement, and harmony. Balance refers to the visual weight distribution of elements and can be symmetrical, asymmetrical, or radial. Rhythm creates a sense of movement through repetition, gradation, or radiation of elements. Emphasis focuses attention on a central point. Contrast creates difference using elements like value and color. Movement guides the eye along a path. Harmony means all parts relate and complement through unity of idea or an interesting variety.
This document discusses key principles of interior design including balance, rhythm, space, emphasis, and unity. It defines each principle and provides examples to illustrate how they are applied. Balance can be symmetrical, asymmetrical, or radial and is used to create visual equilibrium. Rhythm introduces order and interest through repetition or alternation of design elements. Space refers to the three-dimensional area defined by length, width, and height. Emphasis is used to create focal points. Unity is achieved when all design elements work cohesively to create a unified whole.
Wood is a versatile material that has been used for centuries for construction, tools, furniture and more. It comes from both hardwood and softwood trees and its properties vary by species. Wood is composed mainly of cellulose, lignin and other materials. It has properties like strength, insulation and ability to be shaped that make it useful for many applications like flooring, structures, furniture and more. Proper installation methods like tongue-and-groove are important. Wood continues to be an important material today.
The document outlines 8 interior design principles: 1) visual balance, including symmetrical, asymmetrical, and radial balance, 2) focal points, including choosing natural or created focal points, 3) repetition of elements like pattern or color, 4) progression by increasing or decreasing qualities like size or color shade, 5) smooth transitions between areas, 6) contrast in elements like pillow shapes or furniture shapes, 7) scale and proportion between elements and spaces, and 8) finishing touches like piping or drawer handles to complete spaces. It encourages considering a home's spaces as a totality and choosing a common theme carried through color, style, and these design principles.
Grading involves separating food products into categories based on various quality factors such as size, shape, color, and presence of defects. It can be done manually or mechanically. Manual grading involves trained workers visually inspecting and sorting products. Mechanical grading uses machines like screens, roller graders, diverging belt graders, and weight graders to separate products. Screen graders use perforated screens to sort by size, roller and belt graders gradually increase space to drop smaller products first, and weight graders index products by weight. Potato graders use expanding pitch rubber spools or self-propelled combines to grade and harvest potatoes with minimal damage.
The document discusses the elements and principles of art. It defines line, shape/form, color, texture, space, value, balance, rhythm, dominance and unity as key elements. It also discusses technical and expressive properties. The elements are the building blocks that artists use to express ideas and convey emotions in their work. Understanding the elements helps in interpreting and analyzing artworks.
Discover the many benefits of gardening indoors, from extending the growing season, improved mental and cognitive health, air purification and more! This presentation is rich with in-depth information on specific plants and broad concepts for indoor gardening.
Independent Study: The Psychology of Color in an Interior SpaceBrittani Anderson
This document provides an overview of color theory and its psychological and physiological effects. It begins with definitions of color and discusses how light and the optical system affect color perception. It then explores the neuropsychological and environmental influences of color and how they can elicit emotional reactions. The document presents the results of a color association survey and provides details on color fundamentals, systems, vocabulary and harmonies. It profiles several influential color theorists and provides case studies of architectural projects that strategically incorporated color, including Fallingwater and Phoenix Children's Hospital.
The document discusses proper food storage and preservation methods to prevent spoilage. It states that microorganisms and improper storage can spoil food, causing health issues. Various traditional methods are described to control microbes and moisture, including sun drying, smoking, salting, and freezing. Commercial techniques like canning and pasteurization use high heat to kill microbes. Proper storage also protects against pests like insects and rats. Controlling moisture, temperature, and microbes through various traditional and commercial methods can prevent food spoilage and ensure long-term availability and safety.
The document discusses several principles of design including balance, emphasis, contrast, proximity, rhythm, proportion, and unity. Balance refers to the even distribution of visual weight in a composition. Emphasis uses focal points and subordination of other elements to direct attention. Contrast is created through differences in color and brightness that make objects distinguishable. Proximity groups related elements together and separates unrelated items. Rhythm uses repetition of elements to create movement and patterns. Proportion examines the relationship between parts and the whole in terms of scale. Unity makes all elements work cohesively to give the image an overall sense of oneness.
The document outlines key principles of landscape design including basic principles, artistic principles, functionality principles, and design principles. The five basic principles are color, form, line of sight, scale or balance, and texture. Color theory uses primary, secondary, tertiary, and neutral colors and how they are arranged on a color wheel. Form refers to a plant's shape. Line of sight influences eye movement. Scale and balance relate to visual relationships and sizes of landscape components. Texture considers surface qualities. Design principles include point, line, form/shape, space, and color.
Set Up, Maintain, And Dismantle Plantpowerpoint Pdfhortykim
This presentation by Lisa Short for Otago Polytechnic's course on setting up and maintaining plant displays.
Some information used in this slideshow comes from Dewayne L. Ingram, University of Florida, 2009. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/MG086
The document discusses fertilizer management for coffee production, including the types of fertilizers, identifying annual fertilizer needs based on tree age and yield, application methods and timing for chemical and organic fertilizers, improving fertilizer efficiency, which fertilizers can be mixed, and symptoms of nutrient deficiencies. It provides guidance on applying the appropriate amounts of nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, and other nutrients to maximize coffee growth, yield, and quality.
Plant and animal cells have several key similarities and differences. Both contain a nucleus that controls the cell's functions, cytoplasm where chemical reactions occur, and a cell membrane that holds the cell together and regulates what enters and exits. However, plant cells also have a cell wall, vacuoles, and chloroplasts for photosynthesis. Animal cells come in many specialized types, while plant cell specializations allow them to trap sunlight and store energy as food. The structure and features of a cell provide clues to its specific functions in the body or organism.
Mulching provides several benefits including reducing evaporation by 25-50%, stabilizing soil moisture, preventing compaction, controlling weeds and moderating soil temperatures. When using wood/bark chip mulch, a 3-4 inch depth is standard for best weed control and eliminating compaction. Mulching around trees helps protect them from lawn mower damage but mulch should be kept 6 inches away from tree trunks. Grass clippings also make a good mulch for vegetable and flower beds when applied in thin layers.
This document discusses approaches to improving irrigation performance and water use in agriculture. It provides context on the importance of irrigation performance given population growth, changing diets, and water constraints. Key innovations that can improve performance are discussed for the farm/field level and system operations level, including laser land leveling, sprinkler systems, and use of new technologies. The document emphasizes that improving performance requires strengthening links between irrigation systems and farms, as well as leadership to set clear objectives, provide resources, and reward performance. Overall, better irrigation performance can reduce water diversions while enabling food security if it also increases farmers' livelihoods.
This document discusses the many benefits of turf grasses, which can be categorized as functional, aesthetic, and recreational. Functionally, turf grasses provide soil erosion control, dust stabilization, enhanced groundwater recharge and water quality, pollution absorption, soil improvement, heat dissipation, noise and glare reduction. Aesthetically, lawns improve mental health, social interaction, and quality of life. Recreationally, turf provides a safe surface for activities and reduces injuries compared to other surfaces. The turf grass industry serves many groups and has growing economic and business opportunities.
Training, Pruning and Ratooning in veg.cropsLav Kumar
This document discusses training, pruning, and ratooning practices for various vegetable crops. It defines each term and outlines objectives and principles. It provides details on specific techniques for crops like tomato, capsicum, cucumber, bittergourd, bottlegourd, ridge gourd, sponge gourd, brinjal, pointed gourd, ivy gourd, and moringa. Training methods like staking, trellising, and caging are compared for tomato. Pruning aims to control growth and remove diseased parts. Ratooning allows regrowth from plant remains for additional harvests.
The document discusses plant health care (PHC) and integrated pest management (IPM). It covers appropriate response processes, plant resource allocation, and various pest control and treatment options including cultural, chemical, and biological controls. Treatment options range from resistant varieties and sanitation to insecticides, fungicides, oils, soaps, and beneficial insects. The goal is to promote plant vitality and vigor through proactive monitoring and selecting early intervention strategies.
The document discusses biosecurity measures for poultry production. It defines biosecurity, lists its objectives of preventing disease entry and spread, and describes benefits like reduced costs and improved health. It also outlines classifications of poultry production systems from minimal to high biosecurity, how diseases spread, and key biosecurity practices like controlling access, cleaning/disinfection, and pest control.
This document discusses plant pests, diseases, and disorders. It provides examples of common plant pests like mites, scale, aphids, and moths. It also discusses the four main types of plant pathogens - fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes. Finally, it outlines methods for identifying, treating, and preventing plant pests and diseases, including cultural, physical, biological, and chemical controls.
Plant Tissue Culture Technique and its applicationsKomal Jalan
Plant tissue culture and its application on horticultural crops.it is the best method to grow the crops in high number especially the highly demanding ones.
The document discusses the benefits of SAP's Plant Maintenance (PM) module. The PM module allows companies to: 1) plan and manage preventative maintenance to reduce breakdowns and increase equipment availability; 2) identify and rectify equipment problems whether from failure or deterioration; and 3) break maintenance down into different levels for both planning and performing tasks at either the individual equipment or functional location level. Overall, the PM module standardizes maintenance practices, integrates maintenance with other business functions, and provides structured cost and equipment history data for better resource control and cost management.
This document provides an overview of pest control measures. It begins by defining what a pest is and provides examples of common pests like insects, weeds, and diseases. It then discusses the history of major pest outbreaks like the bubonic plague and potato famine. The document outlines the evolution of pest control from primitive to modern techniques. It describes the four major categories of pests and various control methods like biological, mechanical, cultural, physical, genetic, chemical, and regulatory approaches. For each control method, examples are given to illustrate how it can be applied to manage different types of pests.
The document discusses the process of establishing and operating a dairy/milk processing plant. It covers selecting a suitable site near milk production and transportation. It then discusses constructing facilities with proper ventilation and drainage. Equipment is installed for milk collection, processing like pasteurization and separation, producing products like milk, butter, cheese, and their storage and marketing. Key steps involve collecting, processing, producing, and distributing dairy products.
The document outlines the key stages of construction for a building project, including:
1. Site works such as clearing, setting out boundaries, and establishing datum levels.
2. Accommodation, storage, and security provisions like fencing and hoardings.
3. The typical order of construction stages such as excavation, foundations, framing, and finishes.
This document describes an automatic plant irrigation system that uses sensors and a microcontroller to control a motor and irrigation facilities based on soil moisture levels. The system consists of a sensor circuit to measure moisture, a microcontroller circuit, and a motor driver circuit. Sensors send signals to the microcontroller when the soil is dry or wet compared to a reference voltage. This turns the motor on to pump water when dry and off when wet, displaying the status on an LCD screen. The system aims to simplify irrigation for farms and gardens by automating the process based on soil conditions.
Integrated weed management involves using a combination of mechanical, cultural, chemical and biological weed control methods together in a planned way. The goal is to minimize weed competition with crops and reduce weed populations below an economic threshold level while avoiding environmental and health impacts. It has been shown to be an effective concept for weed control, though more work is still needed to apply it at the small farmer level.
This document discusses the importance of workplace safety and health for organizations. It outlines the benefits of a safe workplace such as higher productivity and efficiency as well as lower costs. It also describes some of the consequences of an unsafe workplace like injuries, diseases, and economic costs. Additionally, it provides an overview of common workplace hazards, accident and disease prevention strategies, and regulations like OSHA that aim to create safe and healthy work environments.
1) The document discusses ergonomic principles for effective use of color in displays for industrial vehicles.
2) It provides guidelines for when and how to use color versus other display elements, recommendations for logical and distinguishable color coding schemes, and tips for aesthetic color combinations.
3) The principles outlined include using color to emphasize but not structure information, ensuring color contrasts are detectable and colors are distinguishable, applying color codes consistently, and generally using as few as seven colors when strong associations are required.
The Creative Pearl is a platform that offers graphic design services. Its goal is to give customers access to a wide range of creative custom designs and illustrations. Some of the services it offers are magazine design, invitation design, poster design, product packaging design, social media design, logo and brand identity design, and stationery design.
Mi 291 chapter 6 (aethetics in engineering design)(1)varun teja G.V.V
This document provides guidance on writing effective presentations and slides. It discusses important aspects like outline, slide structure, fonts, color, background, graphs, spelling and grammar. For outlines, it recommends including the main points of the presentation. For slide structure, it suggests using point form, 4-5 points per slide, and showing one point at a time. For fonts, it advises using a large, clear font like Times New Roman in different sizes. For color, it says to use high-contrast text colors and limit colors. For backgrounds, it recommends light, simple backgrounds used consistently. For graphs, it emphasizes using graphs over tables and properly labeling them. It concludes by stressing proofreading and providing a strong conclusion that
The document discusses various elements of multimedia including text, graphics, sound, video, and animation. It then provides definitions and explanations of drawing, color, font, and briefly explains the laws of design which include balance, rhythm, emphasis, proportion, unity, and simplicity.
The document discusses various design concepts including shape, texture, perspective and principles of design. It explains that shape and texture can provide personality to an interface and be organic or geometric. Perspective represents 3D objects on 2D surfaces using techniques like relative size and overlapping. The principles of design that are covered are balance, contrast, emphasis, movement, repetition, rhythm, pattern, proportion, and unity.
Repetition, similarity, proportion, consistency and anomaly are key principles of design. Repetition brings unity to a design through consistent reuse of elements and can be regular or irregular. It creates rhythm and flow. Similarity deals with elements that look the same or similar in size, color, or shape, which makes them easy to identify. Anomaly is when one element is different, allowing it to stand out. Proportion refers to the relative size and shape of elements. Consistency builds trust in a design, while lack of consistency causes confusion. These principles give strength, cohesion and guide the audience's eye through a design.
Whether you're a seasoned designer looking for fresh perspectives or a business owner seeking to understand the elements of a compelling logo, "The Principles of Logo Design" is your comprehensive guide to mastering the art of visual brand representation. Elevate your logo design skills and make a lasting impact with Purpple Designs.
Presentation into the principles of design within the context of visual design. This is intended to be delivered to year one degree students.
The principles of design are rules to help guide a designer how to arrange the various elements of a composition in relation to each other and the overall design. By considering, applying and understanding the various Principles of Design throughout the design process you will help ensure a more positive outcome
Application of Basic Design in Architectural ProjectsYogeshIJTSRD
Organization is the essence of any design and doing nothing is also a form of design. When it is an applied design, it is hazardous to design by neglect and default. Design sometimes suffers from a dilemma about its identity. It is not solely either an art or a science but is a combination of both. Applied design is not like physics or biology or writing or painting, but it involves these areas and more. Design tends towards a generalized approach, collecting specifics from diverse areas as needed. Design is a combination of art, science, technology and intuition. Design does contain sound proven principals and criteria for judging its success. These criteria centre on the relationship between human needs and human environmental possible. The measure of the success of a particular applied design is how well it meets the needs of the people experiencing it. Dr. Mukesh Kumar Lalji | Dr. Sheetal Sharma "Application of Basic Design in Architectural Projects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43782.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/architecture-and-planning/43782/application-of-basic-design-in-architectural-projects/dr-mukesh-kumar-lalji
The document provides an overview of Haworth's Integrated Palette, which is a coordinated set of product lines designed to work together to create integrated, adaptable workspaces. The Integrated Palette includes furniture systems, moveable walls, architectural systems, and tables that are engineered across seven design logics to integrate visually, functionally, and structurally. This coordinated kit of parts approach provides customers with design freedom, a promise of integration between products, and future assurance that their space can easily adapt to changing needs.
The document provides instructions for creating a scientific poster for a seminar. It outlines the poster requirements, including dimensions of 48" x 36" and due dates of November 22nd for a rough draft and November 29th for the final poster. It also gives tips for effective poster design, such as using images to guide layout instead of too much text, ensuring proper alignment, and allowing an underlying structure to direct the viewer. Examples of poor design include lengthy paragraphs of text and distracting or mismatched colors and backgrounds.
This document provides a design documentation for Mindlumi smart glasses. It includes sections on the device, target audience, moodboard, logo, rhetorical image, information design, and packaging. For each section, it discusses influences, the final design, and design principles used. The document also includes references at the end that were sources of inspiration for different elements of the design project. The overall purpose is to document the full design process and rationale for the Mindlumi smart glasses.
Visual perception refers to how the brain makes sense of what the eyes see. Gestalt laws of perception help explain how the human eye perceives objects or visual elements as coherent wholes rather than individual parts. Some key Gestalt principles include figure-ground, which determines what is the focus versus the background; similarity, which groups like elements; proximity, which groups close elements; and closure, where the eye sees completed shapes and patterns. These principles are useful for interface design to help users quickly understand relationships and organization.
The document discusses visual perception and Gestalt principles of design. It explains that visual perception is how the brain makes sense of what the eyes see. The Gestalt laws of perception help explain how objects are perceived. Some key Gestalt principles discussed include figure-ground, similarity, proximity, continuation, closure, symmetry, and focal point. Specific examples are provided to illustrate each principle and how designers can apply them to create interfaces that are usable and help guide user attention and understanding.
Material Design incorporates the principles of design and science to set a new framework for designing a unified experience across devices and platforms.
Material design is all about -
making it obvious
making it bold
making it work everywhere
Contrast refers to differences in visual elements like color, value, texture, shape, and size that create visual interest. There are eight main types of contrast including pattern, edge, value, intensity, temperature, texture, shape, and size contrast. Contrast is important as it creates focus, helps organize information, and grabs attention. In fashion, contrast can refer to color combinations, shapes used as embellishments, or textures on a garment that enhance the design.
The document discusses the basic design principles of proximity, alignment, repetition, and contrast. It explains that repetition creates consistency by repeating elements like fonts, colors or formats throughout a design. Contrast is noted as one of the most effective ways to add visual interest by differing elements in terms of size, color, orientation or other qualities, but too much contrast can lead to conflict. The document provides examples of how to apply these principles to web design and user interfaces.
This document provides guidance on applying graphic design principles to placemarks in Google Earth. It discusses the need for design elements like clear messaging, effective use of color, establishing visual order through emphasis, balance and rhythm, and using artful forms like lines, shapes and white space. The document provides many tips, such as keeping placemarks a consistent size, using color schemes seen in nature, and studying the work of famous designers to understand principles of order. The overall message is that placemarks should have clear communication, visual appeal, and follow basic design best practices to effectively convey information.
Khurram Kamran has given the ideas of the Principles of design with examples & various slides, interior and natural objects. The presentation was an assignment given in the class of Interior Designing by Mr.Abrar Khokar, project coordinator of Indus Valley school of Arts, Karachi.
The document discusses the principles of design including pattern, contrast, emphasis, balance, proportion/scale, harmony, and rhythm/movement. It provides definitions and examples for each principle. Pattern is described as the regular arrangement of repeated elements. Contrast uses conflicting elements to create visual interest. Emphasis uses dominance to draw the eye to a focal point. Balance distributes elements symmetrically or asymmetrically. Proportion/scale relates to the sizes of elements compared to each other or human scale. Harmony creates unity through similar design elements. Rhythm/movement uses repetition of elements to create organized visual flow.
Similar to Principles Of Design For Plant Display (20)
Giving and Receiving Constructive Feedback Powerpointhortykim
What is constructive feedback?Why give constructive feedback?How to give effective constructive feedback.The sandwich method.How to effectively receive effective feedback.
This document outlines an assessment for a communication skills course, requiring students to demonstrate practical communication abilities. It includes instructions for three tasks: following oral instructions to create cyanotypes, writing instructions for the cyanotype process, and working in a team to make a herbal balm. Students will be observed and evaluated on cooperating with others, various communication techniques, and completing tasks as assigned. The assessment is worth half of the course grade and students must achieve a minimum 50% score to pass.
This document discusses teams and teamwork. It defines what groups and teams are, and explains that teams work together to achieve specific goals. The document outlines benefits of working in teams such as learning different perspectives and gaining interpersonal skills. It provides tips for effective teamwork, including treating others with respect, encouraging discussion, and keeping communication clear. It also describes common roles in teams such as leaders, materials managers, documenters, and timekeepers. Finally, it presents two exercises for teams to practice their communication and problem-solving skills.
Active listening is an important communication skill that involves fully focusing on the speaker and their message. It is more than just hearing - it requires making a conscious effort to understand the whole message and provide feedback. There are several key active listening skills, including paying full attention to the speaker, showing engagement through body language and gestures, asking questions to clarify points, deferring judgment until the speaker is finished, and responding respectfully. Mastering these skills can greatly improve communication and information retention.
Hortykim's slide shows how we are damaging our planet and what role worms can play if we embrace re hab for the earth by encouraging healthy food webs.
Germ-away is a virucidal and fungicidal cleaner for bathrooms and washrooms. It should be diluted correctly according to use - a 1:10 dilution for deep cleaning, 1:25 for shower areas, and 1:50 for floors and surfaces. Undiluted Germ-away should be used for sinks, toilets, drains and dustbins.
Foundation in Trades Memorandum of Understandinghortykim
This memorandum of understanding (MOU) outlines the agreed upon expectations, rights, and responsibilities for students participating in a horticulture project. The MOU describes rules regarding cell phone use, respectful behavior, listening to instructors, health and safety protocols, unacceptable behaviors, attendance requirements, and agreeing to the conditions of the MOU by signing. Nic Orbell will enforce the MOU and address any issues that arise.
The document is a collection of photos from Day 2 of IceBreaker 2011. It likely contains photos from various activities and events that took place on the second day of the IceBreaker event in 2011. The photos are meant to capture memories and highlights from that particular day of the multi-day IceBreaker event held that year.
Photos of IceBreaker Challenge participants on day one June 10 2011. The IceBreaker Challenge is an annual event which started in June 2001. The event is hosted by Fire in Ice Outrigger Canoe Inc. based in Dunedin New Zealand.
IceBreakers are small candies or snacks that are often used to help break the ice and get conversations started at social gatherings or events. They provide something for people to hold and munch on as introductions are made or initial small talk occurs. IceBreakers come in a variety of flavors and shapes to suit different tastes and preferences.
Hortykim has put together a presentation to show the development of the permaculture garden(Permagrow) which is part of the LIVING CAMPUS Otago Polytechnic in Dunedin New Zealand.Photos taken from 2008 to 2011.
This document provides information about a permaculture design course offered at Otago Polytechnic in Dunedin, New Zealand. The course introduces students to permaculture design principles and methods of ecology to lead students in developing long-term sustainable systems for homes and work environments. The 16 sessions over 15 weeks cover topics like permaculture principles, site analysis, plant cultivation techniques, and developing a permaculture design plan. Students will analyze a site, create a permaculture plan, and present their final design. The course costs $462.55 NZD and takes place at the Otago Polytechnic campus.
The document discusses the major characteristics of 19th century influences on landscape horticulture. It describes the evolution of the Gardenesque style from Humphry Repton's Picturesque style in the 1820s. Key figures like John and Jane Loudon popularized gardening for the emerging middle class. Their eclectic style involved small landscapes with unusual exotic plants. New trends included carpet bedding, topiary, natural woodland gardens, and the growth of public parks.
4 Influences of the 18th C.on Landscape Design ppt.hortykim
Hortykim has created a power point to guide you through significant characteristics and traditions in the 18th C. of landscape design which will prompt discussions and further exploration if you desire. Check out http://wikieducator.org/The_History_and_Traditions_of_Landscaping/Activities for more information on the history and traditions of landscape design.
Hortykim has put together this power point on the history of Chinese garden design to help spark discussion in the class or inspire a trip to your local Chinese garden in order to identify the elements and design principles associated with Chinese gardens.
Check out: http://wikieducator.org/The_History_and_Traditions_of_Landscaping/Activities
for more information.
Hortykim thanks wikipedia for many excellent images and information.
2 Pre 17th Century Influences on Landscape Designhortykim
.Hortykim has created a second power point to guide you through significant garden styles of the Middle Ages which will prompt discussions and further exploration if you desire.
Check out: http://wikieducator.org/The_History_and_Traditions_of_Landscaping/Activities
for more information.
Hortykim thanks wikipedia for many excellent images and information.
1 Pre 17th Century Influences On Landscape Designhortykim
The document provides an overview of major pre-17th century influences on landscape and horticulture from the Neolithic period through ancient Egypt, Persia, Greece and Rome. It describes the origins and evolution of early gardens from the first agricultural settlements around 10,000 years ago. Key characteristics of gardens are outlined for each major time period and civilization, including formal designs in ancient Egypt, walled enclosures with water features in Persia, sacred groves in Greece, and urban courtyards and villa estates of the Roman era.
Reimagining Your Library Space: How to Increase the Vibes in Your Library No ...Diana Rendina
Librarians are leading the way in creating future-ready citizens – now we need to update our spaces to match. In this session, attendees will get inspiration for transforming their library spaces. You’ll learn how to survey students and patrons, create a focus group, and use design thinking to brainstorm ideas for your space. We’ll discuss budget friendly ways to change your space as well as how to find funding. No matter where you’re at, you’ll find ideas for reimagining your space in this session.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
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Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
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Principles Of Design For Plant Display
1. Set up, maintain, and dismantle plant displays Hortykim Hortykim, Otago Polytechnic 2009
2.
3. Unity Unity is the term given to a plant display where the different objects and plants you have chosen relate to each other harmoniously to create one whole. Hortykim, Otago Polytechnic 2009
4. Unity Unity is obtained by the effective use of elements to express a main idea to the observer. Hortykim, Otago Polytechnic 2009
5. Unity Unity can be achieved by using mass plantings and repetition. Hortykim, Otago Polytechnic 2009
6. Balance Balance is a term given to a state of “visual comfort” where the observer is made to feel a plant display is attractive due to the equilibrium of a particular design. Hortykim, Otago Polytechnic 2009
7. Balance Symmetrical balance is achieved when one side of a display is the mirror image of the other side. So equal lines, forms, textures and colours are used to create this effect. Hortykim, Otago Polytechnic 2009
8. Balance Asymmetrical balance will employ different forms, colours and textures to create a visual attraction where the elements used will create a balance. For example, a horizontal linear dimension may be balanced with height. Hortykim, Otago Polytechnic 2009
9. Proportion The relationship between width, height and depth is integral in a plant display. P roportion refers to the size of objects or plants in a display and how they work together in order to give the viewer a sense of the normal or in this case not so normal! Hortykim, Otago Polytechnic 2009
10. Proportion We tend to judge what something may convey in terms of feeling comfortable with how it relates to, or differs from, the normal human scale or human proportion. Are the elements in your display in proportion to one another or puposefully out of proportion to convey a message or feel? Hortykim, Otago Polytechnic 2009
11. Scale Scale refers to the size of objects or plants in relation to the surroundings. We often use the human form as a point of reference when ascertaining scale. Hortykim, Otago Polytechnic 2009
12. Scale Scale is the term used to descibe the size of a space or site. Large scale in design terms is associated with grandeur. Hortykim, Otago Polytechnic 2009
16. Scale Size refers to definite measurements while scale describes the size relationship between adjacent objects or plants within a plant display. Hortykim, Otago Polytechnic 2009
17. Accent In order to emphasize a part of a design or plant display you may want to use an accent. What accents are used in this display? Hortykim, Otago Polytechnic 2009
18. Accent Accents can be used to enhance a view. Accents may also be used to create bright spots in a design. Hortykim, Otago Polytechnic 2009
19. Accent Accents could also be a large mass of plants. An accent may also be a small group of plants. Hortykim, Otago Polytechnic 2009
20. Accent Accents may also include hard surfaces or objects. Hortykim, Otago Polytechnic 2009
21. Accent Using architectural plants such as sword-leaved plants amongst some type of ground cover creates an accent which draws the eye into the view. Hortykim, Otago Polytechnic 2009
22. Contrast Contrast is the tool that allows the viewer to distinguish the relative difference between things. Contrast is the essential tool to achieve a successful accent. The contrast should be sharp and bold. Hortykim, Otago Polytechnic 2009
23. Contrast For greatest contrast and greatest impact a design will have an extreme element imposed on something that is relatively normal. Hortykim, Otago Polytechnic 2009
24. Contrast Sudden contrasts can be very effective unless the forms or textures used are both extremes, and then they may out-show or cancel each other. A powerful effect can be created however, by placing two dominant features on either side of a neutral background. Hortykim, Otago Polytechnic 2009
25. Repetition Repetition refers to the repeated use of features like plants and objects that share an identical shape, line, form, color and texture. Hortykim, Otago Polytechnic 2009
26. Repetition Using too much repetition may create a sense of monotony. If it is used well, repetition will give a sense of unity. Too much variety in a display will create a cluttered, busy feel which is not relaxing. Hortykim, Otago Polytechnic 2009
27. Sequence Sequence is the repetition of similar but not identical plants, surfaces, colour or objects used in a display. Hortykim, Otago Polytechnic 2009
28. Rhythm The repetition of objects, surfaces, colour or materials in a plant display will create a sense of unity and continuity. Rhythm reduces confusion in a design. Hortykim, Otago Polytechnic 2009
29. Rhythm Rhythm is as important in a plant display as it is in one of your favorite songs. Rhythm can evoke a sense of motion as the observer’s eye is drawn through the design. Hortykim, Otago Polytechnic 2009
30. Rhythm As a creator of a plant display, you will be able to evoke a feeling of ordered rhythm and purpose when the same theme, feature or pattern is repeated in a design. Hortykim, Otago Polytechnic 2009
31. Simplicity Simplicity compliments repetition and is best achieved by getting rid of unnecessary detail. Hortykim, Otago Polytechnic 2009
32. Simplicity If a plant display contains too much detail or variety, then it will evoke a feeling of confusion. If a designer can reduce a display to a simple yet functional and attractive design, then the objective is fulfilled. Hortykim, Otago Polytechnic 2009
33. Design Principles Try to identify as many design elements and principles as you can from the following photos taken at the 2009 Ellerslie flower show. Hortykim, Otago Polytechnic 2009
45. Resources and references Hortykim, Otago Polytechnic 2009 Blake, James (1999) An Intro to Landscape Design and Construction Gower Publishing Limited Ingram, Dwayne L. (1991) Basic Principles of Landscape Design All photos by Kim Michele Thomas http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_elements_and_principles