This presentation by Lisa Short for Otago Polytechnic's course on setting up and maintaining plant displays.
Some information used in this slideshow comes from Dewayne L. Ingram, University of Florida, 2009. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/MG086
Lighting is an essential part of filmmaking that influences the audience's emotional reaction. The angle and quality of light provides clues about the scene's time and location. Lighting also impacts the audience's perception of the film's production value. A scene can be lit using available natural light or artificial lights. Different types of lighting like hard, soft, and back lights are used to achieve different aesthetic effects and influence how the audience views characters. Professional films typically use a minimum of four light sources, including a key light, fill light, and back light, to properly illuminate subjects.
Lighting is an essential part of filmmaking that influences the audience's emotional reaction. The angle and quality of light provides clues about the scene's time and location. Lighting also impacts the audience's perception of the film's production value. A scene can be lit by available natural light or artificial lights. Hard lights from small sources like spotlights create harsh shadows while soft lights from large sources create a gentle look. Effective lighting in films typically uses a minimum of four light sources, including a key light that provides the main brightness, a fill light to reduce shadows, and a back light to outline the subject.
The document discusses 5 tools that great photographers use: light, composition, portraiture, action, and moment. It provides details on the properties of light, different composition techniques like rule of thirds and framing, the three types of portraits, ways to capture action like panning and blurring, and how capturing the right moment can evoke an emotional response from viewers. Overall, the document offers guidance to photographers on key photographic concepts and techniques to improve their skills.
This movie poster uses dark colors and a central image of a girl's face to attract the audience's attention. The girl's cute facial expression is meant to make the audience sympathize with her and want to know what happens in the film. Short text is used for optimal readability, with the title standing out in a distinctive font at the bottom to draw the eye down after viewing the key image.
This presentation will guide students through the design principles they could use to create a plant display as part of their horticulture training at Otago Polytechnic.There is a useful exercise included,please contact us for model answers.
The document discusses fertilizer management for coffee production, including the types of fertilizers, identifying annual fertilizer needs based on tree age and yield, application methods and timing for chemical and organic fertilizers, improving fertilizer efficiency, which fertilizers can be mixed, and symptoms of nutrient deficiencies. It provides guidance on applying the appropriate amounts of nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, and other nutrients to maximize coffee growth, yield, and quality.
Plant and animal cells have several key similarities and differences. Both contain a nucleus that controls the cell's functions, cytoplasm where chemical reactions occur, and a cell membrane that holds the cell together and regulates what enters and exits. However, plant cells also have a cell wall, vacuoles, and chloroplasts for photosynthesis. Animal cells come in many specialized types, while plant cell specializations allow them to trap sunlight and store energy as food. The structure and features of a cell provide clues to its specific functions in the body or organism.
Mulching provides several benefits including reducing evaporation by 25-50%, stabilizing soil moisture, preventing compaction, controlling weeds and moderating soil temperatures. When using wood/bark chip mulch, a 3-4 inch depth is standard for best weed control and eliminating compaction. Mulching around trees helps protect them from lawn mower damage but mulch should be kept 6 inches away from tree trunks. Grass clippings also make a good mulch for vegetable and flower beds when applied in thin layers.
Lighting is an essential part of filmmaking that influences the audience's emotional reaction. The angle and quality of light provides clues about the scene's time and location. Lighting also impacts the audience's perception of the film's production value. A scene can be lit using available natural light or artificial lights. Different types of lighting like hard, soft, and back lights are used to achieve different aesthetic effects and influence how the audience views characters. Professional films typically use a minimum of four light sources, including a key light, fill light, and back light, to properly illuminate subjects.
Lighting is an essential part of filmmaking that influences the audience's emotional reaction. The angle and quality of light provides clues about the scene's time and location. Lighting also impacts the audience's perception of the film's production value. A scene can be lit by available natural light or artificial lights. Hard lights from small sources like spotlights create harsh shadows while soft lights from large sources create a gentle look. Effective lighting in films typically uses a minimum of four light sources, including a key light that provides the main brightness, a fill light to reduce shadows, and a back light to outline the subject.
The document discusses 5 tools that great photographers use: light, composition, portraiture, action, and moment. It provides details on the properties of light, different composition techniques like rule of thirds and framing, the three types of portraits, ways to capture action like panning and blurring, and how capturing the right moment can evoke an emotional response from viewers. Overall, the document offers guidance to photographers on key photographic concepts and techniques to improve their skills.
This movie poster uses dark colors and a central image of a girl's face to attract the audience's attention. The girl's cute facial expression is meant to make the audience sympathize with her and want to know what happens in the film. Short text is used for optimal readability, with the title standing out in a distinctive font at the bottom to draw the eye down after viewing the key image.
This presentation will guide students through the design principles they could use to create a plant display as part of their horticulture training at Otago Polytechnic.There is a useful exercise included,please contact us for model answers.
The document discusses fertilizer management for coffee production, including the types of fertilizers, identifying annual fertilizer needs based on tree age and yield, application methods and timing for chemical and organic fertilizers, improving fertilizer efficiency, which fertilizers can be mixed, and symptoms of nutrient deficiencies. It provides guidance on applying the appropriate amounts of nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, and other nutrients to maximize coffee growth, yield, and quality.
Plant and animal cells have several key similarities and differences. Both contain a nucleus that controls the cell's functions, cytoplasm where chemical reactions occur, and a cell membrane that holds the cell together and regulates what enters and exits. However, plant cells also have a cell wall, vacuoles, and chloroplasts for photosynthesis. Animal cells come in many specialized types, while plant cell specializations allow them to trap sunlight and store energy as food. The structure and features of a cell provide clues to its specific functions in the body or organism.
Mulching provides several benefits including reducing evaporation by 25-50%, stabilizing soil moisture, preventing compaction, controlling weeds and moderating soil temperatures. When using wood/bark chip mulch, a 3-4 inch depth is standard for best weed control and eliminating compaction. Mulching around trees helps protect them from lawn mower damage but mulch should be kept 6 inches away from tree trunks. Grass clippings also make a good mulch for vegetable and flower beds when applied in thin layers.
This document discusses approaches to improving irrigation performance and water use in agriculture. It provides context on the importance of irrigation performance given population growth, changing diets, and water constraints. Key innovations that can improve performance are discussed for the farm/field level and system operations level, including laser land leveling, sprinkler systems, and use of new technologies. The document emphasizes that improving performance requires strengthening links between irrigation systems and farms, as well as leadership to set clear objectives, provide resources, and reward performance. Overall, better irrigation performance can reduce water diversions while enabling food security if it also increases farmers' livelihoods.
This document discusses the many benefits of turf grasses, which can be categorized as functional, aesthetic, and recreational. Functionally, turf grasses provide soil erosion control, dust stabilization, enhanced groundwater recharge and water quality, pollution absorption, soil improvement, heat dissipation, noise and glare reduction. Aesthetically, lawns improve mental health, social interaction, and quality of life. Recreationally, turf provides a safe surface for activities and reduces injuries compared to other surfaces. The turf grass industry serves many groups and has growing economic and business opportunities.
Training, Pruning and Ratooning in veg.cropsLav Kumar
This document discusses training, pruning, and ratooning practices for various vegetable crops. It defines each term and outlines objectives and principles. It provides details on specific techniques for crops like tomato, capsicum, cucumber, bittergourd, bottlegourd, ridge gourd, sponge gourd, brinjal, pointed gourd, ivy gourd, and moringa. Training methods like staking, trellising, and caging are compared for tomato. Pruning aims to control growth and remove diseased parts. Ratooning allows regrowth from plant remains for additional harvests.
The document discusses plant health care (PHC) and integrated pest management (IPM). It covers appropriate response processes, plant resource allocation, and various pest control and treatment options including cultural, chemical, and biological controls. Treatment options range from resistant varieties and sanitation to insecticides, fungicides, oils, soaps, and beneficial insects. The goal is to promote plant vitality and vigor through proactive monitoring and selecting early intervention strategies.
The document discusses biosecurity measures for poultry production. It defines biosecurity, lists its objectives of preventing disease entry and spread, and describes benefits like reduced costs and improved health. It also outlines classifications of poultry production systems from minimal to high biosecurity, how diseases spread, and key biosecurity practices like controlling access, cleaning/disinfection, and pest control.
This document discusses plant pests, diseases, and disorders. It provides examples of common plant pests like mites, scale, aphids, and moths. It also discusses the four main types of plant pathogens - fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes. Finally, it outlines methods for identifying, treating, and preventing plant pests and diseases, including cultural, physical, biological, and chemical controls.
Plant Tissue Culture Technique and its applicationsKomal Jalan
Plant tissue culture and its application on horticultural crops.it is the best method to grow the crops in high number especially the highly demanding ones.
The document discusses the benefits of SAP's Plant Maintenance (PM) module. The PM module allows companies to: 1) plan and manage preventative maintenance to reduce breakdowns and increase equipment availability; 2) identify and rectify equipment problems whether from failure or deterioration; and 3) break maintenance down into different levels for both planning and performing tasks at either the individual equipment or functional location level. Overall, the PM module standardizes maintenance practices, integrates maintenance with other business functions, and provides structured cost and equipment history data for better resource control and cost management.
This document provides an overview of pest control measures. It begins by defining what a pest is and provides examples of common pests like insects, weeds, and diseases. It then discusses the history of major pest outbreaks like the bubonic plague and potato famine. The document outlines the evolution of pest control from primitive to modern techniques. It describes the four major categories of pests and various control methods like biological, mechanical, cultural, physical, genetic, chemical, and regulatory approaches. For each control method, examples are given to illustrate how it can be applied to manage different types of pests.
The document discusses the process of establishing and operating a dairy/milk processing plant. It covers selecting a suitable site near milk production and transportation. It then discusses constructing facilities with proper ventilation and drainage. Equipment is installed for milk collection, processing like pasteurization and separation, producing products like milk, butter, cheese, and their storage and marketing. Key steps involve collecting, processing, producing, and distributing dairy products.
The document outlines the key stages of construction for a building project, including:
1. Site works such as clearing, setting out boundaries, and establishing datum levels.
2. Accommodation, storage, and security provisions like fencing and hoardings.
3. The typical order of construction stages such as excavation, foundations, framing, and finishes.
This document describes an automatic plant irrigation system that uses sensors and a microcontroller to control a motor and irrigation facilities based on soil moisture levels. The system consists of a sensor circuit to measure moisture, a microcontroller circuit, and a motor driver circuit. Sensors send signals to the microcontroller when the soil is dry or wet compared to a reference voltage. This turns the motor on to pump water when dry and off when wet, displaying the status on an LCD screen. The system aims to simplify irrigation for farms and gardens by automating the process based on soil conditions.
Integrated weed management involves using a combination of mechanical, cultural, chemical and biological weed control methods together in a planned way. The goal is to minimize weed competition with crops and reduce weed populations below an economic threshold level while avoiding environmental and health impacts. It has been shown to be an effective concept for weed control, though more work is still needed to apply it at the small farmer level.
This document discusses the importance of workplace safety and health for organizations. It outlines the benefits of a safe workplace such as higher productivity and efficiency as well as lower costs. It also describes some of the consequences of an unsafe workplace like injuries, diseases, and economic costs. Additionally, it provides an overview of common workplace hazards, accident and disease prevention strategies, and regulations like OSHA that aim to create safe and healthy work environments.
Giving and Receiving Constructive Feedback Powerpointhortykim
What is constructive feedback?Why give constructive feedback?How to give effective constructive feedback.The sandwich method.How to effectively receive effective feedback.
This document outlines an assessment for a communication skills course, requiring students to demonstrate practical communication abilities. It includes instructions for three tasks: following oral instructions to create cyanotypes, writing instructions for the cyanotype process, and working in a team to make a herbal balm. Students will be observed and evaluated on cooperating with others, various communication techniques, and completing tasks as assigned. The assessment is worth half of the course grade and students must achieve a minimum 50% score to pass.
This document discusses teams and teamwork. It defines what groups and teams are, and explains that teams work together to achieve specific goals. The document outlines benefits of working in teams such as learning different perspectives and gaining interpersonal skills. It provides tips for effective teamwork, including treating others with respect, encouraging discussion, and keeping communication clear. It also describes common roles in teams such as leaders, materials managers, documenters, and timekeepers. Finally, it presents two exercises for teams to practice their communication and problem-solving skills.
Active listening is an important communication skill that involves fully focusing on the speaker and their message. It is more than just hearing - it requires making a conscious effort to understand the whole message and provide feedback. There are several key active listening skills, including paying full attention to the speaker, showing engagement through body language and gestures, asking questions to clarify points, deferring judgment until the speaker is finished, and responding respectfully. Mastering these skills can greatly improve communication and information retention.
This document discusses approaches to improving irrigation performance and water use in agriculture. It provides context on the importance of irrigation performance given population growth, changing diets, and water constraints. Key innovations that can improve performance are discussed for the farm/field level and system operations level, including laser land leveling, sprinkler systems, and use of new technologies. The document emphasizes that improving performance requires strengthening links between irrigation systems and farms, as well as leadership to set clear objectives, provide resources, and reward performance. Overall, better irrigation performance can reduce water diversions while enabling food security if it also increases farmers' livelihoods.
This document discusses the many benefits of turf grasses, which can be categorized as functional, aesthetic, and recreational. Functionally, turf grasses provide soil erosion control, dust stabilization, enhanced groundwater recharge and water quality, pollution absorption, soil improvement, heat dissipation, noise and glare reduction. Aesthetically, lawns improve mental health, social interaction, and quality of life. Recreationally, turf provides a safe surface for activities and reduces injuries compared to other surfaces. The turf grass industry serves many groups and has growing economic and business opportunities.
Training, Pruning and Ratooning in veg.cropsLav Kumar
This document discusses training, pruning, and ratooning practices for various vegetable crops. It defines each term and outlines objectives and principles. It provides details on specific techniques for crops like tomato, capsicum, cucumber, bittergourd, bottlegourd, ridge gourd, sponge gourd, brinjal, pointed gourd, ivy gourd, and moringa. Training methods like staking, trellising, and caging are compared for tomato. Pruning aims to control growth and remove diseased parts. Ratooning allows regrowth from plant remains for additional harvests.
The document discusses plant health care (PHC) and integrated pest management (IPM). It covers appropriate response processes, plant resource allocation, and various pest control and treatment options including cultural, chemical, and biological controls. Treatment options range from resistant varieties and sanitation to insecticides, fungicides, oils, soaps, and beneficial insects. The goal is to promote plant vitality and vigor through proactive monitoring and selecting early intervention strategies.
The document discusses biosecurity measures for poultry production. It defines biosecurity, lists its objectives of preventing disease entry and spread, and describes benefits like reduced costs and improved health. It also outlines classifications of poultry production systems from minimal to high biosecurity, how diseases spread, and key biosecurity practices like controlling access, cleaning/disinfection, and pest control.
This document discusses plant pests, diseases, and disorders. It provides examples of common plant pests like mites, scale, aphids, and moths. It also discusses the four main types of plant pathogens - fungi, bacteria, viruses, and nematodes. Finally, it outlines methods for identifying, treating, and preventing plant pests and diseases, including cultural, physical, biological, and chemical controls.
Plant Tissue Culture Technique and its applicationsKomal Jalan
Plant tissue culture and its application on horticultural crops.it is the best method to grow the crops in high number especially the highly demanding ones.
The document discusses the benefits of SAP's Plant Maintenance (PM) module. The PM module allows companies to: 1) plan and manage preventative maintenance to reduce breakdowns and increase equipment availability; 2) identify and rectify equipment problems whether from failure or deterioration; and 3) break maintenance down into different levels for both planning and performing tasks at either the individual equipment or functional location level. Overall, the PM module standardizes maintenance practices, integrates maintenance with other business functions, and provides structured cost and equipment history data for better resource control and cost management.
This document provides an overview of pest control measures. It begins by defining what a pest is and provides examples of common pests like insects, weeds, and diseases. It then discusses the history of major pest outbreaks like the bubonic plague and potato famine. The document outlines the evolution of pest control from primitive to modern techniques. It describes the four major categories of pests and various control methods like biological, mechanical, cultural, physical, genetic, chemical, and regulatory approaches. For each control method, examples are given to illustrate how it can be applied to manage different types of pests.
The document discusses the process of establishing and operating a dairy/milk processing plant. It covers selecting a suitable site near milk production and transportation. It then discusses constructing facilities with proper ventilation and drainage. Equipment is installed for milk collection, processing like pasteurization and separation, producing products like milk, butter, cheese, and their storage and marketing. Key steps involve collecting, processing, producing, and distributing dairy products.
The document outlines the key stages of construction for a building project, including:
1. Site works such as clearing, setting out boundaries, and establishing datum levels.
2. Accommodation, storage, and security provisions like fencing and hoardings.
3. The typical order of construction stages such as excavation, foundations, framing, and finishes.
This document describes an automatic plant irrigation system that uses sensors and a microcontroller to control a motor and irrigation facilities based on soil moisture levels. The system consists of a sensor circuit to measure moisture, a microcontroller circuit, and a motor driver circuit. Sensors send signals to the microcontroller when the soil is dry or wet compared to a reference voltage. This turns the motor on to pump water when dry and off when wet, displaying the status on an LCD screen. The system aims to simplify irrigation for farms and gardens by automating the process based on soil conditions.
Integrated weed management involves using a combination of mechanical, cultural, chemical and biological weed control methods together in a planned way. The goal is to minimize weed competition with crops and reduce weed populations below an economic threshold level while avoiding environmental and health impacts. It has been shown to be an effective concept for weed control, though more work is still needed to apply it at the small farmer level.
This document discusses the importance of workplace safety and health for organizations. It outlines the benefits of a safe workplace such as higher productivity and efficiency as well as lower costs. It also describes some of the consequences of an unsafe workplace like injuries, diseases, and economic costs. Additionally, it provides an overview of common workplace hazards, accident and disease prevention strategies, and regulations like OSHA that aim to create safe and healthy work environments.
Giving and Receiving Constructive Feedback Powerpointhortykim
What is constructive feedback?Why give constructive feedback?How to give effective constructive feedback.The sandwich method.How to effectively receive effective feedback.
This document outlines an assessment for a communication skills course, requiring students to demonstrate practical communication abilities. It includes instructions for three tasks: following oral instructions to create cyanotypes, writing instructions for the cyanotype process, and working in a team to make a herbal balm. Students will be observed and evaluated on cooperating with others, various communication techniques, and completing tasks as assigned. The assessment is worth half of the course grade and students must achieve a minimum 50% score to pass.
This document discusses teams and teamwork. It defines what groups and teams are, and explains that teams work together to achieve specific goals. The document outlines benefits of working in teams such as learning different perspectives and gaining interpersonal skills. It provides tips for effective teamwork, including treating others with respect, encouraging discussion, and keeping communication clear. It also describes common roles in teams such as leaders, materials managers, documenters, and timekeepers. Finally, it presents two exercises for teams to practice their communication and problem-solving skills.
Active listening is an important communication skill that involves fully focusing on the speaker and their message. It is more than just hearing - it requires making a conscious effort to understand the whole message and provide feedback. There are several key active listening skills, including paying full attention to the speaker, showing engagement through body language and gestures, asking questions to clarify points, deferring judgment until the speaker is finished, and responding respectfully. Mastering these skills can greatly improve communication and information retention.
Hortykim's slide shows how we are damaging our planet and what role worms can play if we embrace re hab for the earth by encouraging healthy food webs.
Germ-away is a virucidal and fungicidal cleaner for bathrooms and washrooms. It should be diluted correctly according to use - a 1:10 dilution for deep cleaning, 1:25 for shower areas, and 1:50 for floors and surfaces. Undiluted Germ-away should be used for sinks, toilets, drains and dustbins.
Foundation in Trades Memorandum of Understandinghortykim
This memorandum of understanding (MOU) outlines the agreed upon expectations, rights, and responsibilities for students participating in a horticulture project. The MOU describes rules regarding cell phone use, respectful behavior, listening to instructors, health and safety protocols, unacceptable behaviors, attendance requirements, and agreeing to the conditions of the MOU by signing. Nic Orbell will enforce the MOU and address any issues that arise.
The document is a collection of photos from Day 2 of IceBreaker 2011. It likely contains photos from various activities and events that took place on the second day of the IceBreaker event in 2011. The photos are meant to capture memories and highlights from that particular day of the multi-day IceBreaker event held that year.
Photos of IceBreaker Challenge participants on day one June 10 2011. The IceBreaker Challenge is an annual event which started in June 2001. The event is hosted by Fire in Ice Outrigger Canoe Inc. based in Dunedin New Zealand.
IceBreakers are small candies or snacks that are often used to help break the ice and get conversations started at social gatherings or events. They provide something for people to hold and munch on as introductions are made or initial small talk occurs. IceBreakers come in a variety of flavors and shapes to suit different tastes and preferences.
Hortykim has put together a presentation to show the development of the permaculture garden(Permagrow) which is part of the LIVING CAMPUS Otago Polytechnic in Dunedin New Zealand.Photos taken from 2008 to 2011.
This document provides information about a permaculture design course offered at Otago Polytechnic in Dunedin, New Zealand. The course introduces students to permaculture design principles and methods of ecology to lead students in developing long-term sustainable systems for homes and work environments. The 16 sessions over 15 weeks cover topics like permaculture principles, site analysis, plant cultivation techniques, and developing a permaculture design plan. Students will analyze a site, create a permaculture plan, and present their final design. The course costs $462.55 NZD and takes place at the Otago Polytechnic campus.
The document discusses the major characteristics of 19th century influences on landscape horticulture. It describes the evolution of the Gardenesque style from Humphry Repton's Picturesque style in the 1820s. Key figures like John and Jane Loudon popularized gardening for the emerging middle class. Their eclectic style involved small landscapes with unusual exotic plants. New trends included carpet bedding, topiary, natural woodland gardens, and the growth of public parks.
4 Influences of the 18th C.on Landscape Design ppt.hortykim
Hortykim has created a power point to guide you through significant characteristics and traditions in the 18th C. of landscape design which will prompt discussions and further exploration if you desire. Check out http://wikieducator.org/The_History_and_Traditions_of_Landscaping/Activities for more information on the history and traditions of landscape design.
Hortykim has put together this power point on the history of Chinese garden design to help spark discussion in the class or inspire a trip to your local Chinese garden in order to identify the elements and design principles associated with Chinese gardens.
Check out: http://wikieducator.org/The_History_and_Traditions_of_Landscaping/Activities
for more information.
Hortykim thanks wikipedia for many excellent images and information.
2 Pre 17th Century Influences on Landscape Designhortykim
.Hortykim has created a second power point to guide you through significant garden styles of the Middle Ages which will prompt discussions and further exploration if you desire.
Check out: http://wikieducator.org/The_History_and_Traditions_of_Landscaping/Activities
for more information.
Hortykim thanks wikipedia for many excellent images and information.
1 Pre 17th Century Influences On Landscape Designhortykim
The document provides an overview of major pre-17th century influences on landscape and horticulture from the Neolithic period through ancient Egypt, Persia, Greece and Rome. It describes the origins and evolution of early gardens from the first agricultural settlements around 10,000 years ago. Key characteristics of gardens are outlined for each major time period and civilization, including formal designs in ancient Egypt, walled enclosures with water features in Persia, sacred groves in Greece, and urban courtyards and villa estates of the Roman era.
A Visual Guide to 1 Samuel | A Tale of Two HeartsSteve Thomason
These slides walk through the story of 1 Samuel. Samuel is the last judge of Israel. The people reject God and want a king. Saul is anointed as the first king, but he is not a good king. David, the shepherd boy is anointed and Saul is envious of him. David shows honor while Saul continues to self destruct.
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
Temple of Asclepius in Thrace. Excavation resultsKrassimira Luka
The temple and the sanctuary around were dedicated to Asklepios Zmidrenus. This name has been known since 1875 when an inscription dedicated to him was discovered in Rome. The inscription is dated in 227 AD and was left by soldiers originating from the city of Philippopolis (modern Plovdiv).
How to Setup Default Value for a Field in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, we can set a default value for a field during the creation of a record for a model. We have many methods in odoo for setting a default value to the field.
32. Colour and Perspective
Warm colours like red, orange and yellow
advance an object towards the observer.
Cool colours recede, and can appear further
away from the observer.
44. Space
The character of space around an object can
distract, focus, or alter our impression.
A cluttered background tends to dimish the
importance of the object, while a plain
background draws attention to it.
57. Rhythm
Rhythm is achieved when the elements of
design create a feeling of motion which
leads the viewer’s eye through the design.
Examples:
Colour
Line
Form
62. Rhythm
As a creator of a plant display you will be
able to evoke a feeling of ordered rhythm
and purpose when the same theme, feature
or pattern is repeated in a design.
63. Line
Line is related to eye movement or flow.
Line is also created vertically by changes in plant
height.
Straight lines tend to be forceful and direct the eye to a
point faster than curved lines.
Curved or free-flowing lines are graceful and gentle,
creating a relaxing more natural feeling.
64. Line is created by the way that plants fit or flow together
Source: ‘Basic Principles of Landscape Design’
Dewayne L. Ingram
69. Balance
Balance refers to the balance of visual
attraction.
Symmetrical balance is achieved when one
side of the design is a mirror image of the
other side.
Asymetrical balance uses different design
elements to balance visual attraction
70. Balance refers to equilibrium or equity of visual attraction
Source: ‘Basic Principles of Landscape Design’
Dewayne L. Ingram
80. One large tree may compliment an office building but dwarf
a single storey house
Source: ‘Basic Principles of Landscape Design’
Dewayne L. Ingram
81. Focal Area and Emphasis
Focal Area or Focalisation involves leading of
visual observation towards a feature by
placement of this feature at the vanisihing
point between lines.
Straight lines create stonger focalisation
than curved lines.
82. Straight lines create strong focalisation when compared to
curved lines
Source: ‘Basic Principles of Landscape Design’
Dewayne L. Ingram
83. Emphasis (top) or Focalise (bottom)
Source: ‘Basic Principles of Landscape Design’
Dewayne L. Ingram
84. Repetition
Repetition refers to the repeated use of
features like plant or objects that share an
identical shape, line, form, color, and
texture.
If it is used well it will give a sense of unity.
86. Repetition
Using too much repetition may create a
sense of monotony.
Too much variety in a display will create a
cluttered,busy feel which is not relaxing.
91. Simplicity
If a design contains too much detail or
variety then it will evoke a feeling of
confusion.
If a designer can reduce a display to a
simple yet functional and attractive design
then the objective is fulfilled.
93. Unity
Unity is the underlying principle that
summarises all of the principles and
elements of design.
94. Unity
Unity is obtained by the effective use of
components in a design to express a main
idea through consistent style.
Everything selected for a design must
complement the central scheme and must,
above all, serve some functional purpose.