Organization is the essence of any design and doing nothing is also a form of design. When it is an applied design, it is hazardous to design by neglect and default. Design sometimes suffers from a dilemma about its identity. It is not solely either an art or a science but is a combination of both. Applied design is not like physics or biology or writing or painting, but it involves these areas and more. Design tends towards a generalized approach, collecting specifics from diverse areas as needed. Design is a combination of art, science, technology and intuition. Design does contain sound proven principals and criteria for judging its success. These criteria centre on the relationship between human needs and human environmental possible. The measure of the success of a particular applied design is how well it meets the needs of the people experiencing it. Dr. Mukesh Kumar Lalji | Dr. Sheetal Sharma "Application of Basic Design in Architectural Projects" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd43782.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/architecture-and-planning/43782/application-of-basic-design-in-architectural-projects/dr-mukesh-kumar-lalji
Importance of Basic Principles of Design in Creating Spacesijtsrd
This document discusses the basic principles of design and their importance in creating spaces. It begins by introducing the authors and their credentials. The main points covered are:
1. Design involves a combination of art, science, technology and intuition. Basic design principles like balance, movement, repetition etc. are important for judging a design's success.
2. The four primary elements of design are point, line, plane and volume. A point becomes a line, a line a plane, and a plane a volume. Understanding these elements is key to creating a basic design.
3. Other principles discussed include regular shapes, horizontal and vertical elements, and how they are used to define spaces and volumes. Organization, function,
This document discusses key principles of interior design including balance, rhythm, space, emphasis, and unity. It defines each principle and provides examples to illustrate how they are applied. Balance can be symmetrical, asymmetrical, or radial and is used to create visual equilibrium. Rhythm introduces order and interest through repetition or alternation of design elements. Space refers to the three-dimensional area defined by length, width, and height. Emphasis is used to create focal points. Unity is achieved when all design elements work cohesively to create a unified whole.
This lecture covers Gestalt principles of visual perception, space in 2D compositions, direction in visual design, and texture. It discusses how Gestalt psychology theories from the 1920s describe how people tend to organize visual elements into groups. The key Gestalt principles are proximity, similarity, continuity, closure, and figure/ground relationships. It also addresses how space is used in 2D designs to provide depth and separation between elements. Direction can be horizontal, vertical or oblique to convey different meanings. Finally, it defines texture as referring to surface qualities, and discusses both tactile and visual textures.
The document discusses several principles of design including balance, emphasis, contrast, proximity, rhythm, proportion, and unity. Balance refers to the even distribution of visual weight in a composition. Emphasis uses focal points and subordination of other elements to direct attention. Contrast is created through differences in color and brightness that make objects distinguishable. Proximity groups related elements together and separates unrelated items. Rhythm uses repetition of elements to create movement and patterns. Proportion examines the relationship between parts and the whole in terms of scale. Unity makes all elements work cohesively to give the image an overall sense of oneness.
Drawing as a language to explor and communicate the ideaShwetaMalik22
Drawing is a form of visual communication that can be used to explore and represent ideas. It involves using various drawing tools to mark on paper or another two-dimensional surface. There are several types of drawings, including illustration drawings to represent layouts and details, life drawings to capture observations of the human form, emotive drawings to express feelings, and analytic drawings to clearly understand observations. Other types include perspective drawings to represent 3D images, diagrammatic drawings to document design processes, and geometric drawings used in construction fields requiring specific dimensions. Drawing is one of the simplest means to communicate visual ideas.
The document discusses principles of design including contrast, unity, pattern, repetition, emphasis, balance, movement, and gradation. Contrast refers to differences that create emphasis and interest. Unity relates to a sense of oneness. Pattern uses combinations of lines, colors and shapes. Repetition uses objects, lines, colors or shapes more than once. Emphasis places greater attention on certain areas. Balance creates visual equalization. Movement arranges elements to guide the eye's movement. Gradation is the gradual change of an element's value, color, or texture.
This presentation outlines the elements of graphic design: Line, Shape, Texture, Color, Value, and Space.
Learn more about the lesson including VIDEO TUTORIALS at DigitalArtTeacher.com
Khurram Kamran has given the ideas of the Principles of design with examples & various slides, interior and natural objects. The presentation was an assignment given in the class of Interior Designing by Mr.Abrar Khokar, project coordinator of Indus Valley school of Arts, Karachi.
Importance of Basic Principles of Design in Creating Spacesijtsrd
This document discusses the basic principles of design and their importance in creating spaces. It begins by introducing the authors and their credentials. The main points covered are:
1. Design involves a combination of art, science, technology and intuition. Basic design principles like balance, movement, repetition etc. are important for judging a design's success.
2. The four primary elements of design are point, line, plane and volume. A point becomes a line, a line a plane, and a plane a volume. Understanding these elements is key to creating a basic design.
3. Other principles discussed include regular shapes, horizontal and vertical elements, and how they are used to define spaces and volumes. Organization, function,
This document discusses key principles of interior design including balance, rhythm, space, emphasis, and unity. It defines each principle and provides examples to illustrate how they are applied. Balance can be symmetrical, asymmetrical, or radial and is used to create visual equilibrium. Rhythm introduces order and interest through repetition or alternation of design elements. Space refers to the three-dimensional area defined by length, width, and height. Emphasis is used to create focal points. Unity is achieved when all design elements work cohesively to create a unified whole.
This lecture covers Gestalt principles of visual perception, space in 2D compositions, direction in visual design, and texture. It discusses how Gestalt psychology theories from the 1920s describe how people tend to organize visual elements into groups. The key Gestalt principles are proximity, similarity, continuity, closure, and figure/ground relationships. It also addresses how space is used in 2D designs to provide depth and separation between elements. Direction can be horizontal, vertical or oblique to convey different meanings. Finally, it defines texture as referring to surface qualities, and discusses both tactile and visual textures.
The document discusses several principles of design including balance, emphasis, contrast, proximity, rhythm, proportion, and unity. Balance refers to the even distribution of visual weight in a composition. Emphasis uses focal points and subordination of other elements to direct attention. Contrast is created through differences in color and brightness that make objects distinguishable. Proximity groups related elements together and separates unrelated items. Rhythm uses repetition of elements to create movement and patterns. Proportion examines the relationship between parts and the whole in terms of scale. Unity makes all elements work cohesively to give the image an overall sense of oneness.
Drawing as a language to explor and communicate the ideaShwetaMalik22
Drawing is a form of visual communication that can be used to explore and represent ideas. It involves using various drawing tools to mark on paper or another two-dimensional surface. There are several types of drawings, including illustration drawings to represent layouts and details, life drawings to capture observations of the human form, emotive drawings to express feelings, and analytic drawings to clearly understand observations. Other types include perspective drawings to represent 3D images, diagrammatic drawings to document design processes, and geometric drawings used in construction fields requiring specific dimensions. Drawing is one of the simplest means to communicate visual ideas.
The document discusses principles of design including contrast, unity, pattern, repetition, emphasis, balance, movement, and gradation. Contrast refers to differences that create emphasis and interest. Unity relates to a sense of oneness. Pattern uses combinations of lines, colors and shapes. Repetition uses objects, lines, colors or shapes more than once. Emphasis places greater attention on certain areas. Balance creates visual equalization. Movement arranges elements to guide the eye's movement. Gradation is the gradual change of an element's value, color, or texture.
This presentation outlines the elements of graphic design: Line, Shape, Texture, Color, Value, and Space.
Learn more about the lesson including VIDEO TUTORIALS at DigitalArtTeacher.com
Khurram Kamran has given the ideas of the Principles of design with examples & various slides, interior and natural objects. The presentation was an assignment given in the class of Interior Designing by Mr.Abrar Khokar, project coordinator of Indus Valley school of Arts, Karachi.
The document discusses the principles of design including pattern, contrast, emphasis, balance, proportion/scale, harmony, and rhythm/movement. It provides definitions and examples for each principle. Pattern is described as the regular arrangement of repeated elements. Contrast uses conflicting elements to create visual interest. Emphasis uses dominance to draw the eye to a focal point. Balance distributes elements symmetrically or asymmetrically. Proportion/scale relates to the sizes of elements compared to each other or human scale. Harmony creates unity through similar design elements. Rhythm/movement uses repetition of elements to create organized visual flow.
The document outlines the principles and elements of visual design, including contrast, repetition, alignment, proximity, line, shape, texture, space, size, value, and color. It defines each element, such as line as a mark connecting two points, shape as anything with height and width, and texture as the look or feel of a surface. The principles create techniques like balance, rhythm, emphasis, and unity within a design.
Project brief 3 architecture studio 1. march 2014Preston Liew
This document outlines the requirements for Project 3 of an Architecture Design Studio course. The project involves designing a dream space for a celebrity or VIP within a given site. It is divided into two parts: Part A involves group exercises exploring design principles and analyzing existing buildings. Part B requires students to individually design 2-3 dream spaces totaling no more than 110 sqm and 15m high for a celebrity of their choice. Students must submit presentation boards, a 1:50 scale final model, a sketch journal documenting their process, and give a 5-minute verbal presentation. They will be evaluated based on their design concept and narrative, application of design elements and principles, and presentation of their process and final design.
The document discusses the key elements of design that are important for clothing design: design lines, emphasis, fabric prints and patterns, and unity and proportion. Design lines can be straight or curved and are used to highlight aspects of the wearer's figure. Emphasis draws attention to specific elements of a garment through techniques like contrasting bands. Fabric prints and patterns can transform a plain garment. Unity and proportion ensure harmony among the design elements and appropriate scaling of the garment to the wearer. The document concludes by promoting Avantika University's design program which provides both theoretical and practical training in working with these elements.
The document discusses the elements and principles of design that are used to create works of art. It outlines the seven elements - line, shape, direction, proportions, value, size, and texture. It then explains the principles of composition including balance, contrast, white space, rhythm/repetition, harmony, and unity. Symmetrical, asymmetrical, and radial balance are described. The importance of contrast, white space, rhythm created through repetition, and achieving harmony and unity are also summarized.
The document discusses various types of teaching and learning materials that can be used for distance education, including e-books, study guides, graphics, semantic maps, mind maps, and visual analogies. E-books offer many advantages over printed books such as being portable, searchable, updatable, and accessible for those with disabilities. Study guides and interactive study guides provide structure and organization to course content. Effective visual design is important for graphics to clearly convey information through elements such as line, shape, size, color, and principles such as balance, emphasis, and contrast. Semantic maps and mind maps use visual diagrams to show relationships between ideas. Visual analogies make unfamiliar concepts more understandable by comparing them to familiar ideas.
Mathematization is the process of thinking about and representing real-world problems mathematically. It involves identifying the key variables and constraints of a problem, simplifying it, and translating it into a mathematical representation or model. Some important steps in mathematization are formulating the problem mathematically, identifying relevant concepts, converting it into a mathematical problem, solving the problem, and interpreting the mathematical solution back in real-world terms. The document provides examples of mathematization problems and encourages letting students formulate problems themselves in order to change the way learning and assessment is approached.
The file is a sample of the full study material provided by PRECEPT Design Studio. The full study material covers both Theory and drawing module for NATA with topics like Perspective drawing, 3D Composition, 2D Composition, Logo Design, 3D Visualization, Building Material Basics, Arithmatic Aptitude, Architectur eAwareness, Logical Reasoning, History of Architecture, Color Theory, etc. along with some solved NATA Drawing Questions.
Elements of Design needs to be carefully studied and applied to creation of any space. Design sometimes suffers from a dilemma about combination of Art and its appreciation elements of Design. Light in a house not solely either an art or a science but is a combination of both. Applied design is not like physics or biology or writing or painting, but it involves these areas and more. Design tends towards a generalized approach, collecting specifics from diverse areas as needed. Design is a combination of art, science, technology and intuition. Composition of rhythm Balance, Contrast and light in a built space plays an important role in the functioning and feeling of an space. Apart from the basic design elements there is always an added feature associated with the design and it is termed as accessories. This added feature may be a kind of light. Colour, shade, Proportion, Shape or anything else added which elaborates the whoe design and makes it’s a unique combination of Aesthetics and utility. Lustrous, Luminous, rendered and graphical applications to basic deisgn create a balance and harmony within the space and its surrounding. This paper discuss about the Visual element of design as an accessory in accordance with luminance and Lustrous element which when added make the Design different from the others. and the techniques used to incorporate them in ideal spatial creation. Balance and Positive combinations of form and functions Dr. Mukesh Kumar Lalji | Sushma Sharma | Ar. Babita Malhotra | Jyoti Mehra | Ar. Raj Prajapati | Ar. Sandhya Kasibhatla | Ar. Prashant Budhiya | Dr. Sheetal Sharma "Accessories of Design" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42475.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/architecture-and-planning/42475/accessories-of-design/dr-mukesh-kumar-lalji
The document discusses the elements and principles of art and design. It identifies the key elements as line, shape, color, texture, size, space, and text. The principles of design that organize these elements are identified as balance, contrast, emphasis, movement, proportion, repetition, and unity. The document provides examples and definitions of each element and principle to guide the understanding and application of these core concepts in art and design.
The document discusses the key elements of design including line, figure and ground, scale and proportion, texture and pattern, rhythm and repetition, direction, weight, balance, and the rule of thirds. These elements are the fundamental building blocks that designers use to create unified compositions and deliver effective visual messages to audiences. When used successfully together, these elements create design harmony.
The document defines key terms related to design including elements of design, principles of design, and the design process. It provides definitions for design, noting it links creativity and innovation to shape ideas for users. Elements of design include point, line, shape, form, space, texture, and color. Principles of design guide the organization of a work and include balance, proportion, rhythm, emphasis, and unity. The design process involves research, conceptualizing, modeling, interactive adjustment, and redesign.
Significance of Basic Design Elements in Spatial and Cultural Environment of ...ijtsrd
Built form in any Organization carries the essence of any design and doing nothing is also a form of design. Elements of Design needs to be carefully studied and applied to creation of any space. Design sometimes suffers from a dilemma about its identity. It is not solely either an art or a science but is a combination of both. Applied design is not like physics or biology or writing or painting, but it involves these areas and more. Design tends towards a generalized approach, collecting specifics from diverse areas as needed. Design is a combination of art, science, technology and intuition. Design does contain sound proven principals and criteria for judging its success. It is a combination of ideas, methods, deliverables, forms, functions and appearance. These criteria centre on the relationship between human needs and human environmental possible. The measure of the success of a particular applied design is how well it meets the needs of the people experiencing it. This paper discuss about the elements of design and the techniques used to incorporate them in ideal spatial creation. Balance and Positive combinations of form and functions Dr. Mukesh Kumar Lalji | Dr. Amogh Kumar Gupta | Dr. Sheetal Sharma "Significance of Basic Design Elements in Spatial and Cultural Environment of Built Forms" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42473.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/architecture-and-planning/42473/significance-of-basic-design-elements-in-spatial-and-cultural-environment-of-built-forms/dr-mukesh-kumar-lalji
Basic principles and elements of art.pptAbiyAndualem
Landscape design uses elements of art and principles of design to create functional and aesthetic outdoor spaces. It relates man-made structures to the natural surroundings. The major elements of art used in landscape design are color, line, form, texture, and scale. Key principles of design include unity, balance, transition, focalization, proportion, rhythm, repetition, and simplicity. Understanding these elements and principles allows landscape design to effectively integrate structures with the natural environment.
Unity is the principle that all design elements work together harmoniously. Unity is achieved when all aspects of the design complement each other rather than compete for attention. Unity can be created through similarity, continuity, alignment, and proximity of design elements. Effective use of repetition, grouping related items together, and connecting distant elements helps achieve unity and creates a sense of order and completeness in a design.
0005 aesthetics and ordering systems in interior designsrmmrs2003
This document discusses the seven principles of interior design: balance, space, emphasis, rhythm, unity, proportion, and variety. It provides definitions and examples for each principle. Balance can be symmetrical, asymmetrical, or radial. Emphasis refers to focal points that draw the eye. Rhythm is created through repetition. Unity involves aligning and relating different design elements as a cohesive whole. Proportion concerns the size relationships between design elements. Variety prevents monotony by incorporating different styles.
The document discusses principles of design that are used in visual design fields. It defines principles like emphasis, balance, rhythm, harmony, and unity. It explains how emphasis draws attention to focal points through techniques like contrast, size, and placement. Balance arranges elements so no section feels heavier. Rhythm creates movement through repetition of elements with defined intervals. Harmony and unity relate all parts of a design to complement each other and create a sense of oneness. The principles work together to create effective visual compositions.
Good Design is an outcome of basic elements and principles of design and it certainly helps to learn how they are recognized in a given frame and thus make an impact.
Principles of Architecture and qualities of architecture by Pravin MindePravin Minde
Prof. Pravin Minde presents on the principles of architecture. He discusses that architecture involves planning and designing buildings according to proportions and rules based on the building's purpose and characteristics. The presentation covers the roles of various agencies in building planning, principles of architecture regarding goodness, beauty and truth, and factors that influence a building's function, form and aesthetics such as requirements, rules, and design elements. Minde also outlines principles and elements of architectural composition including focus, unity, balance, rhythm, harmony, and scale.
Interior design is the process of shaping the experience of interior space, through the manipulation of spatial volume as well as surface treatment for the betterment of human functionality.
This document provides an introduction to interior design. It defines interior design as "the art or process of designing the interior decoration of a room or building." An interior designer coordinates and manages interior design projects. The document outlines several principles of interior design including scale, proportion, balance, rhythm, emphasis, and harmony. It also discusses various elements of interior design such as space, shape, form, mass, line, texture, pattern, light, and color. Interior design is important for enhancing functionality, aesthetics, and reflecting lifestyle.
The document discusses 7 basic design principles: balance, emphasis, contrast, repetition, white space, movement, and unity. It defines each principle and provides examples. Balance refers to the visual weight of design elements and there are three types: symmetrical, asymmetrical, and radial. Emphasis deals with making important information stand out. Contrast arranges opposite elements like light/dark. Repetition reinforces ideas through repeating elements. White space is empty areas without elements. Movement guides the eye through a design. Unity ensures all elements work coherently together.
The document discusses the principles of design including pattern, contrast, emphasis, balance, proportion/scale, harmony, and rhythm/movement. It provides definitions and examples for each principle. Pattern is described as the regular arrangement of repeated elements. Contrast uses conflicting elements to create visual interest. Emphasis uses dominance to draw the eye to a focal point. Balance distributes elements symmetrically or asymmetrically. Proportion/scale relates to the sizes of elements compared to each other or human scale. Harmony creates unity through similar design elements. Rhythm/movement uses repetition of elements to create organized visual flow.
The document outlines the principles and elements of visual design, including contrast, repetition, alignment, proximity, line, shape, texture, space, size, value, and color. It defines each element, such as line as a mark connecting two points, shape as anything with height and width, and texture as the look or feel of a surface. The principles create techniques like balance, rhythm, emphasis, and unity within a design.
Project brief 3 architecture studio 1. march 2014Preston Liew
This document outlines the requirements for Project 3 of an Architecture Design Studio course. The project involves designing a dream space for a celebrity or VIP within a given site. It is divided into two parts: Part A involves group exercises exploring design principles and analyzing existing buildings. Part B requires students to individually design 2-3 dream spaces totaling no more than 110 sqm and 15m high for a celebrity of their choice. Students must submit presentation boards, a 1:50 scale final model, a sketch journal documenting their process, and give a 5-minute verbal presentation. They will be evaluated based on their design concept and narrative, application of design elements and principles, and presentation of their process and final design.
The document discusses the key elements of design that are important for clothing design: design lines, emphasis, fabric prints and patterns, and unity and proportion. Design lines can be straight or curved and are used to highlight aspects of the wearer's figure. Emphasis draws attention to specific elements of a garment through techniques like contrasting bands. Fabric prints and patterns can transform a plain garment. Unity and proportion ensure harmony among the design elements and appropriate scaling of the garment to the wearer. The document concludes by promoting Avantika University's design program which provides both theoretical and practical training in working with these elements.
The document discusses the elements and principles of design that are used to create works of art. It outlines the seven elements - line, shape, direction, proportions, value, size, and texture. It then explains the principles of composition including balance, contrast, white space, rhythm/repetition, harmony, and unity. Symmetrical, asymmetrical, and radial balance are described. The importance of contrast, white space, rhythm created through repetition, and achieving harmony and unity are also summarized.
The document discusses various types of teaching and learning materials that can be used for distance education, including e-books, study guides, graphics, semantic maps, mind maps, and visual analogies. E-books offer many advantages over printed books such as being portable, searchable, updatable, and accessible for those with disabilities. Study guides and interactive study guides provide structure and organization to course content. Effective visual design is important for graphics to clearly convey information through elements such as line, shape, size, color, and principles such as balance, emphasis, and contrast. Semantic maps and mind maps use visual diagrams to show relationships between ideas. Visual analogies make unfamiliar concepts more understandable by comparing them to familiar ideas.
Mathematization is the process of thinking about and representing real-world problems mathematically. It involves identifying the key variables and constraints of a problem, simplifying it, and translating it into a mathematical representation or model. Some important steps in mathematization are formulating the problem mathematically, identifying relevant concepts, converting it into a mathematical problem, solving the problem, and interpreting the mathematical solution back in real-world terms. The document provides examples of mathematization problems and encourages letting students formulate problems themselves in order to change the way learning and assessment is approached.
The file is a sample of the full study material provided by PRECEPT Design Studio. The full study material covers both Theory and drawing module for NATA with topics like Perspective drawing, 3D Composition, 2D Composition, Logo Design, 3D Visualization, Building Material Basics, Arithmatic Aptitude, Architectur eAwareness, Logical Reasoning, History of Architecture, Color Theory, etc. along with some solved NATA Drawing Questions.
Elements of Design needs to be carefully studied and applied to creation of any space. Design sometimes suffers from a dilemma about combination of Art and its appreciation elements of Design. Light in a house not solely either an art or a science but is a combination of both. Applied design is not like physics or biology or writing or painting, but it involves these areas and more. Design tends towards a generalized approach, collecting specifics from diverse areas as needed. Design is a combination of art, science, technology and intuition. Composition of rhythm Balance, Contrast and light in a built space plays an important role in the functioning and feeling of an space. Apart from the basic design elements there is always an added feature associated with the design and it is termed as accessories. This added feature may be a kind of light. Colour, shade, Proportion, Shape or anything else added which elaborates the whoe design and makes it’s a unique combination of Aesthetics and utility. Lustrous, Luminous, rendered and graphical applications to basic deisgn create a balance and harmony within the space and its surrounding. This paper discuss about the Visual element of design as an accessory in accordance with luminance and Lustrous element which when added make the Design different from the others. and the techniques used to incorporate them in ideal spatial creation. Balance and Positive combinations of form and functions Dr. Mukesh Kumar Lalji | Sushma Sharma | Ar. Babita Malhotra | Jyoti Mehra | Ar. Raj Prajapati | Ar. Sandhya Kasibhatla | Ar. Prashant Budhiya | Dr. Sheetal Sharma "Accessories of Design" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42475.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/architecture-and-planning/42475/accessories-of-design/dr-mukesh-kumar-lalji
The document discusses the elements and principles of art and design. It identifies the key elements as line, shape, color, texture, size, space, and text. The principles of design that organize these elements are identified as balance, contrast, emphasis, movement, proportion, repetition, and unity. The document provides examples and definitions of each element and principle to guide the understanding and application of these core concepts in art and design.
The document discusses the key elements of design including line, figure and ground, scale and proportion, texture and pattern, rhythm and repetition, direction, weight, balance, and the rule of thirds. These elements are the fundamental building blocks that designers use to create unified compositions and deliver effective visual messages to audiences. When used successfully together, these elements create design harmony.
The document defines key terms related to design including elements of design, principles of design, and the design process. It provides definitions for design, noting it links creativity and innovation to shape ideas for users. Elements of design include point, line, shape, form, space, texture, and color. Principles of design guide the organization of a work and include balance, proportion, rhythm, emphasis, and unity. The design process involves research, conceptualizing, modeling, interactive adjustment, and redesign.
Significance of Basic Design Elements in Spatial and Cultural Environment of ...ijtsrd
Built form in any Organization carries the essence of any design and doing nothing is also a form of design. Elements of Design needs to be carefully studied and applied to creation of any space. Design sometimes suffers from a dilemma about its identity. It is not solely either an art or a science but is a combination of both. Applied design is not like physics or biology or writing or painting, but it involves these areas and more. Design tends towards a generalized approach, collecting specifics from diverse areas as needed. Design is a combination of art, science, technology and intuition. Design does contain sound proven principals and criteria for judging its success. It is a combination of ideas, methods, deliverables, forms, functions and appearance. These criteria centre on the relationship between human needs and human environmental possible. The measure of the success of a particular applied design is how well it meets the needs of the people experiencing it. This paper discuss about the elements of design and the techniques used to incorporate them in ideal spatial creation. Balance and Positive combinations of form and functions Dr. Mukesh Kumar Lalji | Dr. Amogh Kumar Gupta | Dr. Sheetal Sharma "Significance of Basic Design Elements in Spatial and Cultural Environment of Built Forms" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42473.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.comengineering/architecture-and-planning/42473/significance-of-basic-design-elements-in-spatial-and-cultural-environment-of-built-forms/dr-mukesh-kumar-lalji
Basic principles and elements of art.pptAbiyAndualem
Landscape design uses elements of art and principles of design to create functional and aesthetic outdoor spaces. It relates man-made structures to the natural surroundings. The major elements of art used in landscape design are color, line, form, texture, and scale. Key principles of design include unity, balance, transition, focalization, proportion, rhythm, repetition, and simplicity. Understanding these elements and principles allows landscape design to effectively integrate structures with the natural environment.
Unity is the principle that all design elements work together harmoniously. Unity is achieved when all aspects of the design complement each other rather than compete for attention. Unity can be created through similarity, continuity, alignment, and proximity of design elements. Effective use of repetition, grouping related items together, and connecting distant elements helps achieve unity and creates a sense of order and completeness in a design.
0005 aesthetics and ordering systems in interior designsrmmrs2003
This document discusses the seven principles of interior design: balance, space, emphasis, rhythm, unity, proportion, and variety. It provides definitions and examples for each principle. Balance can be symmetrical, asymmetrical, or radial. Emphasis refers to focal points that draw the eye. Rhythm is created through repetition. Unity involves aligning and relating different design elements as a cohesive whole. Proportion concerns the size relationships between design elements. Variety prevents monotony by incorporating different styles.
The document discusses principles of design that are used in visual design fields. It defines principles like emphasis, balance, rhythm, harmony, and unity. It explains how emphasis draws attention to focal points through techniques like contrast, size, and placement. Balance arranges elements so no section feels heavier. Rhythm creates movement through repetition of elements with defined intervals. Harmony and unity relate all parts of a design to complement each other and create a sense of oneness. The principles work together to create effective visual compositions.
Good Design is an outcome of basic elements and principles of design and it certainly helps to learn how they are recognized in a given frame and thus make an impact.
Principles of Architecture and qualities of architecture by Pravin MindePravin Minde
Prof. Pravin Minde presents on the principles of architecture. He discusses that architecture involves planning and designing buildings according to proportions and rules based on the building's purpose and characteristics. The presentation covers the roles of various agencies in building planning, principles of architecture regarding goodness, beauty and truth, and factors that influence a building's function, form and aesthetics such as requirements, rules, and design elements. Minde also outlines principles and elements of architectural composition including focus, unity, balance, rhythm, harmony, and scale.
Interior design is the process of shaping the experience of interior space, through the manipulation of spatial volume as well as surface treatment for the betterment of human functionality.
This document provides an introduction to interior design. It defines interior design as "the art or process of designing the interior decoration of a room or building." An interior designer coordinates and manages interior design projects. The document outlines several principles of interior design including scale, proportion, balance, rhythm, emphasis, and harmony. It also discusses various elements of interior design such as space, shape, form, mass, line, texture, pattern, light, and color. Interior design is important for enhancing functionality, aesthetics, and reflecting lifestyle.
The document discusses 7 basic design principles: balance, emphasis, contrast, repetition, white space, movement, and unity. It defines each principle and provides examples. Balance refers to the visual weight of design elements and there are three types: symmetrical, asymmetrical, and radial. Emphasis deals with making important information stand out. Contrast arranges opposite elements like light/dark. Repetition reinforces ideas through repeating elements. White space is empty areas without elements. Movement guides the eye through a design. Unity ensures all elements work coherently together.
Visual media includes materials, programs, and applications that teachers and students use to formulate and communicate information to aid learning. There are several key visual elements to consider when creating striking visuals, including line, shape, value, texture, color, form, and perspective. Specifically, line describes outlines and shapes, value refers to lightness and darkness, texture relates to how surfaces feel, and color is determined by hue, intensity, and value. Effective visual design considers principles such as consistency, center of interest, balance, harmony, contrast, directional movement, and perspective.
This document discusses the elements and principles of design. It begins by recommending that art teachers within a district agree on a shared vocabulary for these terms. It then provides definitions for elements, principles, and visual effects. Elements are the basic visible components, like color and line. Principles describe how elements are arranged, both in terms of cause-and-effect relationships and value judgments. Visual effects are techniques that create illusions, like depth. The document emphasizes that experts do not fully agree on definitions and that principles in particular can be understood in different ways.
Organization in the visual arts and Principles of DesignMariz Ombajin
This document discusses principles of design in visual arts including harmony, balance, proportion, rhythm, emphasis/subordination, shape, form, leading lines, texture, color, gradient, repetition, pattern, contrast, dominance, and unity. It defines symmetry and asymmetry, and explains how symmetrical balance places equal weights on both sides of a center point while asymmetry achieves balance through unequal weights. Movement in art can be literal, depicted through symbolic forms, or compositional, considering how a composition guides the viewer's eye.
Basic Web design principles and elements.pptxCASYLOUMARAGGUN
The document discusses basic web design principles and elements. The 7 principles are balance, movement, repetition/rhythm, emphasis, contrast, unity, and alignment. The 7 elements are line, color, shape, size, value, texture, and space. Color has three characteristics: hue, value, and intensity. Balance, repetition, emphasis and contrast are used to create visual interest and structure on a page.
The document discusses various aspects of design including definitions, types, requirements and history. It defines design as the arrangement of lines, forms, colors and textures to create order and beauty. There are two main types of design - structural and decorative. Structural design focuses on the object's form and function, while decorative design enriches structural design. Good structural design is beautiful, simple, proportionate and suited to its purpose and materials. Good decorative design strengthens the object's shape, uses moderation and has sufficient background space. Interior design has traditionally been done by carpenters and is now a professional occupation.
The document discusses the basic principles of interior design, including harmony, balance, focal points, rhythm, and details. It explains that interior design aims to make all design elements in a space feel cohesive and work together to create an aesthetically pleasing environment. Some key principles discussed are symmetrical and asymmetrical balance, using color schemes and repetition to achieve harmony and visual flow. Creating focal points and considering scale, proportion and details are also emphasized.
Similar to Application of Basic Design in Architectural Projects (20)
This document provides an overview of cosmetic science, summarizing different types of cosmetics including skin, hair, face, eye, and nail cosmetics. It describes key ingredients and formulations for different cosmetic products like moisturizers, cleansers, hair conditioners, mascara, lipstick, and nail polish. The document also discusses trends in cosmetic use throughout history and how cosmetics help beautify and care for skin, hair, nails, and facial features.
Standardization and Formulations of Calotropis ProceraYogeshIJTSRD
Plants growing in arid regions have elicited increased attention, because the hostile environment, in which these plants survive, forces them to develop chemical protective systems through adaptation which is rarely found in vegetation of other ecosystems. Furthermore, many of the plants grow in areas, where the dependence on traditional, plant based medicines over industrially produced pharmaceuticals persists to this day. The two plants, Calotopris Procera giant milkweed, also named C. Persica and Calotropis gigantea crown ower , have been used widely in traditional medicine in North Africa, the Middle East, and South and South East Asia. This has led to extensive research on the chemical constituents of the plants. Both plants are known to be sources of cardenolides, and newer research has yielded a number of interesting cancer active constituents. In addition, extracts of both plants have remarkable nematocidal, molluscidal and insecticidal activities. In many regions, the wood of Calotropis plants has been used as a building material and as a source of fuel. In addition, certain parts of the plants have been used as feed for livestock. In other regions, Calotropis plants are seen as invasive species that threaten local plant life and that due to their toxicity also pose a threat to grazing eld animals. Jaffar Khan | Pankaj Chasta | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "Standardization and Formulations of Calotropis Procera" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45145.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/45145/standardization-and-formulations-of-calotropis-procera/jaffar-khan
Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of ParalysisYogeshIJTSRD
Paralysis is a complete loss of motor power in any muscle group. When paralysis affects all four extremities, it is called quadriplegia when it affects only the lower extremities, paraplegia and when it affects the extremities on one side of the body, hemiplegic. For this reason, the term paralysis is generally reserved for more focal, less stereotyped weakness, for instance, affecting all the muscles innervated by a peripheral nerve. Many different anatomical lesions and etiologies can cause paralysis and determine its treatment. Bikash Debsingha | Dr. Gourav Kr. Sharma | Dr. Kausal Kishore Chandrul "Review of the Diagnosis and Treatment of Paralysis" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45108.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmacology-/45108/review-of-the-diagnosis-and-treatment-of-paralysis/bikash-debsingha
Comparative Analysis of Forced Draft Cooling Tower Using Two Design Methods A...YogeshIJTSRD
Cooling towers make use of evaporation whereby some of the water is evaporated into a moving air stream and subsequently discharged into the atmosphere which results in cooling of the remainder water. The current research reviews various studies conducted on cooling tower using experimental and numerical techniques. Different design configuration and operating conditions on cooling towers are evaluated by various researchers. Significant findings from researches have shown new and improved design of cooling tower with much better performance as compared to conventional design. Neetish Kumar Sao | Dr. Surendra K. Dwivedi "Comparative Analysis of Forced Draft Cooling Tower Using Two Design Methods: A Review" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45100.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/45100/comparative-analysis-of-forced-draft-cooling-tower-using-two-design-methods-a-review/neetish-kumar-sao
Criminology Educators Triumphs and StrugglesYogeshIJTSRD
This document summarizes a research study about the triumphs and struggles of criminology educators in the Philippines. It finds that most respondents enjoy seeing their students succeed but find grading and dealing with difficult students stressful. Financially, only one respondent felt stable while others said their salaries were just enough to get by. Respondents did not initially intend to become teachers but stayed for reasons like family and valuing the teaching profession. While teaching had rewards, low salaries and qualifications impacted job satisfaction for some. Overall, the study provides insights into criminology educators' experiences in the Philippines.
A Review Herbal Drugs Used in Skin DisorderYogeshIJTSRD
The human bodys skin is an organ that allows it to interact with the environment while also shielding it from harmful external influences. People of all ages suffer from skin diseases all over the world. Its vital to keep your skin in good form for a healthy physique. Plants have been employed in some form or another since the beginning of time. This research has highlighted some prevalent skin disease issues, as well as the herbals utilized in disease therapy and the various formulations accessible in the pharmaceutical industry. Some medicinal plants have been shown to be quite effective in removing or reducing skin infection disorders. Chandramita Borah | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kaushal Kishore Chandrul "A Review: Herbal Drugs Used in Skin Disorder" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45118.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/other/45118/a-review-herbal-drugs-used-in-skin-disorder/chandramita-borah
Automatic Query Expansion Using Word Embedding Based on Fuzzy Graph Connectiv...YogeshIJTSRD
The aim of information retrieval systems is to retrieve relevant information according to the query provided. The queries are often vague and uncertain. Thus, to improve the system, we propose an Automatic Query Expansion technique, to expand the query by adding new terms to the user s initial query so as to minimize query mismatch and thereby improving retrieval performance. Most of the existing techniques for expanding queries do not take into account the degree of semantic relationship among words. In this paper, the query is expanded by exploring terms which are semantically similar to the initial query terms as well as considering the degree of relationship, that is, “fuzzy membership- between them. The terms which seemed most relevant are used in expanded query and improve the information retrieval process. The experiments conducted on the queries set show that the proposed Automatic query expansion approach gave a higher precision, recall, and F measure then non fuzzy edge weights. Tarun Goyal | Ms. Shalini Bhadola | Ms. Kirti Bhatia "Automatic Query Expansion Using Word Embedding Based on Fuzzy Graph Connectivity Measures" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45074.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/artificial-intelligence/45074/automatic-query-expansion-using-word-embedding-based-on-fuzzy-graph-connectivity-measures/tarun-goyal
A New Proposal for Smartphone Based Drowsiness Detection and Warning System f...YogeshIJTSRD
This paper proposes a Smartphone based system for the detection of drowsiness in automotive drivers. The proposed system uses three stage drowsiness detection technique. The first stage uses the percentage of eyelid closure PERCLOS which is obtained by capturing images with the front camera of the Smartphone with a modified eye state classification method. The system uses near infrared lighting for illuminating the face of the driver during night driving. The second step uses the voiced to the unvoiced ratio VUR obtained from the speech data from the microphone, in the event PERCLOS crosses the threshold. The VUR is also compared with a threshold and if it is a value greater than that of the threshold, it moves on to the next verification stage. In the final verification stage, touch response is required within the stipulated time to declare whether the driver is drowsy or not and subsequently sound an alarm. To awake the driver, a vibrating mechanism is done and also the live GPS location is also sent to an emergency contact. We have studied eight other reference papers for the literature review. The system has three advantages over existing drowsiness detection systems. First, the three stage verification process makes the system more reliable. The second advantage is its implementation on an Android smart phone, which is readily available to most drivers or cab owners as compared to other general purpose embedded platforms. The third advantage is the use of SMS service to inform the control room as well as the passenger regarding the loss of attention of the driver. Abishek K Biju | Godwin Jolly | Asif Mohammed C A | Dr. Paul P Mathai | Derek Joseph "A New Proposal for Smartphone-Based Drowsiness Detection and Warning System for Automotive Drivers" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45083.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/45083/a-new-proposal-for-smartphonebased-drowsiness-detection-and-warning-system-for-automotive-drivers/abishek-k-biju
Data Security by AES Advanced Encryption StandardYogeshIJTSRD
Now a days with the rapid development of multimedia technologies, research on safety and security are becoming more important. Multimedia data are generated and transmitted through the communication channels and the wireless media. The efficiencies of encryption based on different existing algorithms are not up to the satisfactory limit. Hence researchers are trying to modify the existing algorithm or even develop new algorithms that help to increase security with a little encryption time. Here in this paper, we have furnished a new technology to modify the AES algorithm which gives more security with a little encryption time and which can be used to encrypt using 128 bit key. Theoretical analysis on the proposed algorithm with the existing reveals the novelty of our work. Here we have proposed a technique to randomize the key and hidden the key data into an encrypted digital image using the basics concept of cryptography and also using the concept of digital watermarking, the concept of key hide has also been encrypted. We have also proposed a new technique to reposition the pixels to break the correlation between them. So, the proposed scheme offers a more secure and cost effective mechanism for encryption. Next on the AES criteria list good performance. Widespread market adoption will require reasonably good performance on a variety of platforms, ranging from easy tocrack smart cards to the largest servers. Good algorithm performance includes speed for the encryption and decryption process as well as the key schedule. Prateek Goyal | Ms. Shalini Bhadola | Ms. Kirti Bhatia "Data Security by AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45073.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/45073/data-security-by-aes-advanced-encryption-standard/prateek-goyal
Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Screening of Phyllantus NiruriYogeshIJTSRD
Theorigin of Phyllanthus niruri is tropical America from there it spread as a weed to other tropic and sub tropics. It is a tropical annual herb shrub which grows as weed in moist humid waste land. Phyllanthus niruri is among more than 500 Phyllanthus species that are widely spread in temperate and tropical climates region Lizuka et al., 2007. It grows 30 40 cm in height, has small leaves and yellow flowers the stem has green capsule, and blooms with flowers with 5 white sepals and apical acute anther.38g of Mueller Hinton Agar was dissolved in 1000ml distilled water in a conical flask, the mouth of the conical flask was plugged with cotton woo wrapped in aluminium foil. This was sterilized in an autoclave at 121oC for 15mns. The media was removed and allowed to cool to 45oC, later poured into a sterilized plastic petri plates which were appropriately labeled. The present study revealed the antimicrobial activity and phytochemical screening of phyllanthus niruri. The antimicrobial activity of phyllanthus niruri shows great significant against pathogens which are responsible for common infections of skin, respiratory, urinary and gastrointestinal tracts. The phytochemical screening of oxalate, terpenoids, tannins, phenols, quinones, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins and steroids were all found to be active within the plant. This bioactive phytochemicals present in P. niruri can be useful for further researches on the plant P. nururi since the phytochemicals have shown preclinical efficacies for treating human diseases’ which include hepatitis and HIV AIDS. This work has compiled the chemical constituents present and can be useful for further researches Dr. Mohammed Musa Lawan | Yusuf Sale Baba "Antimicrobial and Phytochemical Screening of Phyllantus Niruri" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44948.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/chemistry/other/44948/antimicrobial-and-phytochemical-screening-of-phyllantus-niruri/dr-mohammed-musa-lawan
There is a need for temperature drop in a buried pipeline based on the media and process. Need of some methodology and design requirement for a set of conditions by reducing pipeline surface temperature and the temperature drops to atmospheric temperature at a particular distance of pipeline. Based on the conduction principle, desire reduction up to atmospheric temperature can be possible. Let us understand by below methods and design of Heat sink for buried pipe line. Natvarbhai Prabhudas Gajjar "Heat Sink for Underground Pipe Line" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45117.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/45117/heat-sink-for-underground-pipe-line/natvarbhai-prabhudas-gajjar
Newly Proposed Multi Channel Fiber Optic Cable CoreYogeshIJTSRD
Fiber optic cables have single core and multiple core options, but single and multiple core fiber cable -˜s core design need to be updated. Newly proposed design gives facilities to multiple usage than traditional design of cable core. Cable core design needs improvement by using present technology for decreasing material and cost and by improving efficiency of cable. Research need to be carried out in this direction. What do you think Natvarbhai Prabhudas Gajjar "Newly Proposed Multi Channel Fiber-Optic Cable Core" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45116.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/other/45116/newly-proposed-multi-channel-fiberoptic-cable-core/natvarbhai-prabhudas-gajjar
Security Sector Reform toward Professionalism of Military and PoliceYogeshIJTSRD
The need to understand and at the same time give prescriptions for the direction of security reform in Third world countries after the end of World War II has prompted the emergence of a big project called the study of security reform SSR . Within this framework emerge various theories and strategies for security reform, with various variations, including ideological variations that underlie these theories. The reform of the structural aspect is a reform of the institutional and structure of an institution, the instrumental reform includes the reform of the system, laws and regulations, while the reform of the cultural aspect is a reform of the habits or organizational culture in institutions in general and in particular the Timor Leste’s security institutions, both military and police. Arquimino Ramos "Security Sector Reform toward Professionalism of Military and Police" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45061.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/political-science/45061/security-sector-reform-toward-professionalism-of-military-and-police/arquimino-ramos
Stress An Undetachable Condition of LifeYogeshIJTSRD
Stressful life events affects human body, which may lead to cardiovascular diseases and effect metabolism and immune system. Recent studies showed increase in stress levels in developing countries. This study aimed to determine the stress levels in MBBS students. The objectives of the study are a To determine the current stress level, b To assess relation between stress level and lifestyle of college students. The present study was carried out in Ahmedabad City of Gujarat State. A total of 400 medical students were included in the study, which were selected using multi stage sampling aged between 18 years to 25 years. Students were questioned regarding their socioeconomic and life style parameters. The results showed that physical activity such as walking, exercise, yoga, meditation etc. were associated to stress levels. College students showed high stress levels with more satisfaction were mostly smokers. Their major reason for eating junk food and smoking was, increase in stress. Conclusion Majority of students suffered from moderate stress levels. Despite of having stress they were happy and satisfied with life with less no internet addiction. Spirituality and stress scales had a positive correlation as most of the students were averagely highly spiritual. Discriminant function can be used to determine the stress level of a person using age, BMI, internet addiction, spirituality, happiness scale and life satisfaction scale of that person. Jayshree N. Tolani | Dr. Nitinkumar D. Shah "Stress: An Undetachable Condition of Life" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45054.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45054/stress-an-undetachable-condition-of-life/jayshree-n-tolani
Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians Lipid Profile and Antioxid...YogeshIJTSRD
The study sought to determine the extent to which the usage of social media in the marketing of agricultural products in South West Nigeria can enhance farmers turnover. It employed the survey research design to collect data with the help of a structured questionnaire to elicit information from respondents selected from six 6 south western states. Research data were analysed using structural equation modelling. The results showed that the use of social media WhatsApp and Facebook in marketing of agricultural products significantly enhances farmers turnover. The managerial implication is that use of Whatsapp and Facebook in the marketing of agricultural products for the enhancement of farmers’ turnover was found to have significant influence on the enhancement in farmers’ turnover from agricultural products. Policy makers in government should provide the enabling environment for the telecommunication companies to enhance their reach by installing their facilities across the length and breadth of the country so that the network coverage will be strong at all times so that the benefits of social media usage will not be constrained. Egejuru, Leonard O | Akubugwo, Emmanuel I | Ugorji, Beatrice N "Comparative Studies of Diabetes in Adult Nigerians: Lipid Profile and Antioxidants Vitamins (A and C)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45021.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/biological-science/biochemistry/45021/comparative-studies-of-diabetes-in-adult-nigerians-lipid-profile-and-antioxidants-vitamins-a-and-c/egejuru-leonard-o
To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid 19 Patients after Having Vac...YogeshIJTSRD
The severity and mortality of COVID 19 cases has been associated with the Three category such as vaccination status, severity of disease and outcome. Objective presently study was aimed to assess the severity and mortality among covid 19 patients. Methods Using simple lottery random method 100 samples were selected. From these 100 patients, 50 patients were randomly assigned to case group and 50 patients in control group after informed consents of relative obtained. Patients in the case group who being died after got COVID 19 whereas 50 patients in the control group participated who were survive after got infected from COVID 19 patients. Result It has three categories such as a Vaccination status For the vaccination status we have seen 59 patients were not vaccinated and 41 patients was vaccinated out of 100. b Incidence There were 41 patients were vaccinated whereas 59 patients were not vaccinated. c Severity In the case of mortality we selected 50 patients who were died from the Corona and I got to know that out of 50 patients there were 12 24 patients were vaccinated whereas 38 76 patients were non vaccinated. Although for the 50 control survival group total 29 58 patients were vaccinated and 21 42 patients was not vaccinated all graph start. Conclusion we have find out that those people who got vaccinated were less infected and mortality rate very low. Prof. (Dr) Binod Kumar Singh | Dr. Saroj Kumar | Ms. Anuradha Sharma "To Assess the Severity and Mortality among Covid-19 Patients after Having Vaccinated: A Retrospective Study" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45065.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/45065/to-assess-the-severity-and-mortality-among-covid19-patients-after-having-vaccinated-a-retrospective-study/prof-dr-binod-kumar-singh
Novel Drug Delivery System An OverviewYogeshIJTSRD
In present scenario evolution of an existing drug molecule from a old form to a novel delivery system can significantly improve its performance in terms of patient compliance, safety and efficacy. In the form of a control drug delivery system an existing drug molecule can get a new life. An appropriately designed Novel Drug Delivery System can be a major advance for solving the problems related towards the release of the drug at specific site with specific rate. The porpuse for delivering drugs to patients efficiently and with fewer side effects has prompted pharmaceutical companies to engage in the development of new drug delivery system. This article covers the basic information regarding Novel Drug Delivery Systems and also advantages, factor etc. Chiranjit Barman | Dr. Gaurav Kumar Sharma | Dr. Kausal Kishore Chandrul "Novel Drug Delivery System: An Overview" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45068.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/novel-drug-delivery-sys/45068/novel-drug-delivery-system-an-overview/chiranjit-barman
With the growth of technology their grows threat to our data which is just secured by passwords so to make it more secure biometrics came into existence. As biometric systems are adopted and accepted for security purpose for various information and security systems. Hence it is immune to attacks. This paper deals with the security of biometric details of individuals. In this paper we will be discussing about biometrics and its types and the threats and security issues which is not talked about usually. The different technologies evolved and had contributed to biometrics in long run and their effects. Sushmita Raulo | Saurabh Gawade "Security Issues Related to Biometrics" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd44951.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-security/44951/security-issues-related-to-biometrics/sushmita-raulo
Comparative Analysis of Different Numerical Methods for the Solution of Initi...YogeshIJTSRD
A mathematical equation which involves a function and its derivatives is called a differential equation. We consider a real life situation, from this form a mathematical model, solve that model using some mathematical concepts and take interpretation of solution. It is a well known and popular concept in mathematics because of its massive application in real world problems. Differential equations are one of the most important mathematical tools used in modeling problems in Physics, Biology, Economics, Chemistry, Engineering and medical Sciences. Differential equation can describe many situations viz exponential growth and de cay, the population growth of species, the change in investment return over time. We can solve differential equations using classical as well as numerical methods, In this paper we compare numerical methods of solving initial valued first order ordinary differential equations namely Euler method, Improved Euler method, Runge Kutta method and their accuracy level. We use here Scilab Software to obtain direct solution for these methods. Vibahvari Tukaram Dhokrat "Comparative Analysis of Different Numerical Methods for the Solution of Initial Value Problems in First Order Ordinary Differential Equations" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45066.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/mathemetics/applied-mathematics/45066/comparative-analysis-of-different-numerical-methods-for-the-solution-of-initial-value-problems-in-first-order-ordinary-differential-equations/vibahvari-tukaram-dhokrat
Evaluation of Different Paving Mixes Using Optimum Stabilizing ContentYogeshIJTSRD
Bituminous mixes are most commonly used all over the world in flexible pavement construction. It consists of asphalt or bitumen used as a binder and mineral aggregate which are mixed together, laid down in layers and then compacted. Under normal circumstances, conventional bituminous pavements if designed and executed properly perform quite satisfactorily but the performance of bituminous mixes is very poor under various situations. Today’s asphaltic concrete pavements are expected to perform better as they are experiencing increased volume of traffic, increased loads and increased variations in daily or seasonal temperature over what has been experienced in the past. In addition, the performance of bituminous pavements is found to be very poor in moisture induced situations. Considering this a lot of work has been done on use of additives in bituminous mixtures and as well as on modification of bitumen. Research has indicated that the addition of polymers to asphalt binders helps to increase the interfacial cohesiveness of the bond between the aggregate and the binder which can enhance many properties of the asphalt pavements to help meet these increased demands. However, the additive that is to be used for modification of mix or binder should satisfy both the strength requirements as well as economical aspects. Naveen Kumar | Ms. Shivani "Evaluation of Different Paving Mixes Using Optimum Stabilizing Content" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45089.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/45089/evaluation-of-different-paving-mixes-using-optimum-stabilizing-content/naveen-kumar
Main Java[All of the Base Concepts}.docxadhitya5119
This is part 1 of my Java Learning Journey. This Contains Custom methods, classes, constructors, packages, multithreading , try- catch block, finally block and more.
Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) CurriculumMJDuyan
(𝐓𝐋𝐄 𝟏𝟎𝟎) (𝐋𝐞𝐬𝐬𝐨𝐧 𝟏)-𝐏𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐢𝐦𝐬
𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐜𝐮𝐬𝐬 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐄𝐏𝐏 𝐂𝐮𝐫𝐫𝐢𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐮𝐦 𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐏𝐡𝐢𝐥𝐢𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐬:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
𝐄𝐱𝐩𝐥𝐚𝐢𝐧 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐍𝐚𝐭𝐮𝐫𝐞 𝐚𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐜𝐨𝐩𝐞 𝐨𝐟 𝐚𝐧 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐧𝐞𝐮𝐫:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
Gender and Mental Health - Counselling and Family Therapy Applications and In...PsychoTech Services
A proprietary approach developed by bringing together the best of learning theories from Psychology, design principles from the world of visualization, and pedagogical methods from over a decade of training experience, that enables you to: Learn better, faster!
Strategies for Effective Upskilling is a presentation by Chinwendu Peace in a Your Skill Boost Masterclass organisation by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan on 08th and 09th June 2024 from 1 PM to 3 PM on each day.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
The event will cover the following::
Walmart Business + (https://business.walmart.com/plus) is a new shopping experience for nonprofits, schools, and local business customers that connects an exclusive online shopping experience to stores. Benefits include free delivery and shipping, a 'Spend Analytics” feature, special discounts, deals and tax-exempt shopping.
Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
2. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD43782 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 5 | Jul-Aug 2021 Page 131
2. Design in art Form
Decorative Design: Decorative design is really the
enrichment of a structural design and may add to or
detract from, the original beauty of an object.
Consequently, restraint in use of decorative design or
complete omission of it is an attribute of any good
composition.
The following attributes of decorative design are
included in any beautiful composition, assuming that
the structural design is sound:-
Limited Surface Decorative: The amount of surface
decoration should be limited. Too much colour or too
obvious texture can as easily destroy good structure
as too much line decoration. The proportion of 2:3 is
applicable here, e.g. two parts of the entire surface
plain to three of ornamental or vice versa. Any, all
over design covering the entire form must be
harmonious in character and quality, and not
aggressive, for if it is too insistent, the shape is lost in
the general confusion.
Placement of decorative Elements: The placement
of the decorative elements strengthens the shape or
accents the structure. The structure of a doorway can
be accentuated by the style of its mouldings and
decorative corner blocks can call attention to the
form.
Relation to Structure Design: The relation of the
design to the shape (structure) is essential. If a vase is
particularly lovely in shape, the added decoration
must intensity the beauty of the line and form.
Suitability: The decoration must be suited to the
material used and to the function of the object. A
design motif created for reproduction on a flat wall
paper, loses most of its beauty in the deep woolly pile
of a rug.
Balance: The definition of balance is ‘the even
distribution of weight leading to steadiness or
evenness’. A balanced design does exactly that; it
creates equality and symmetry that the eye loves. But
as with most of these principles, if applied too rigidly
it can become boring. Enhance your balance with
other aspects of design to make it a little less formal.
Balance is a sense of stability when applied to
opposing visual attractions or forces. A tight rope
walker, who is slightly off balance, gives a feeling of
uneasiness because of our fear that he might fall.
Empathy – This reaction is natural because the
maintenance of equilibrium is a necessary and natural
function of the body.
Figure 1: Application of Color and Space
balance (Source: Google image)
Repetition/ Rhythm:
Repeating elements such as colour, shape or texture
can help to unify a space and create a consistent
visual experience. Mismatching carpets, different
colour schemes or pick ’n’ mix windows all create
confusion in a space. I once worked on a cottage that
had been renovated multiple times, resulting in a
hodge-podge of window-frame styles and heights.
There was no budget to fix them all so I had to come
up with a cost-effective solution. I simply drew a 1.2-
metre-high line around the room and painted the
bottom half in a dark colour (including the frames up
to that level) and the top half in white. Immediately
the eye was drawn to the consistent, repeating bands
of colour encircling the room, not the inconsistent
landscape of the windows. Paint, tiles, carpet and
wallpaper are all really easy ways to create repetition.
Repetition occurs when elements which have
something in common are repeated regularly or
irregularly, sometimes creating rhythm. It is a vital
part of our universe and is represented in the
movement of the heavenly bodies, the motion of the
ocean waves and even heartbeat. It is reflected in
music, dance, poetry and visually, in art.
3. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD43782 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 5 | Jul-Aug 2021 Page 132
Figure 2: Repetition Pattern in spaces
Figure 3: Rhythm in pattern
When the interval between shapes, which are exactly
alike, is repeated in uniform and regulated order, the
design tends to become more formal. By varying the
length of the interval, or by changing some of the
shapes while preserving the similarity between them,
a more formal interest is created. A system of
repeating elements can create a rhythm of pattern.
Random repeats however may be used without
patterning. When the same colour is repeated in
different areas of a picture plane, its power is
increased.
The repetition of some of the elements within a
picture plane tends to hold the overall design
together.
Figure 4: Rhythm, Repetition in Interior
(Source: Google Image)
Harmony
This principle is used to put a person at ease within
their environment and create unity, thereby
eliminating any feelings of disquiet. Harmony, in a
sense, provides the ‘full stop’ to any interior design –
when harmony is in effect, the space should feel
complete because all its parts relate to, and
complement, each other. This feeling is the result of
balance, scale, proportion and repetition all being
used in the right amounts. Harmony is the measure by
which we judge whether a space works or not.
Figure 5: harmony in space and colour(Source:
Google image)
Movement: The path that our eyes follow, as we look
at a work of art, is known as movement. By arranging
the design elements, an artist controls and forces this
movement of our eyes and our attention is drawn to
the areas of greatest interests. If an artist has created a
rhythmic flow, then our eyes are easily led from one
place to another.
In optical art, the movement deeply affects our
personal responses. One may experience a variety of
sensations including dizziness, because our eyes fail
to focus upon one central point. In design
composition, such situation is undesirable.
4. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD43782 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 5 | Jul-Aug 2021 Page 133
Figure 6: Movement in design
Figure 7: Feeling of Standing CarFigure8:
Feeling of Moving Car
Figure 9: Static and Movement in interiors
(Source: Google image)
Emphasis: Emphasis calls attention to important
areas of a design and subdues everything else on the
picture plane or a three dimensional form. By placing
emphasis on certain areas of design, an artist creates
centers of interest which cause our eye to return again
and again to them.
Figure 10: Emphasis on a specific area in design
In design, where there are many things going on,
some elements may have more stress than others.
Where a linear pattern dominates a design, the
attention is drawn to those lines which are larger and
more prominent. Bold details and unusual texture, or
bright colours, are more prominent than the more
subdued features. No matter what elements is chosen
for emphasis, it should never demand all the attention.
Emphasis is necessary, but a good design composition
is one in which all the elements work hand in hand
for a unifying effect.
Contrast: Similarity of elements in design often
breeds monotony, whereas, contrasting shapes used
within the design stand out. Elements with a strong
contrast stand in opposition to one another; light
against dark; large against small; round against
square; or smooth against rough. With consideration
to colour, contrast can be recognized as light colour
against dark ones or warm colours against cool ones.
One must use good judgment in dealing with contrast
so that there is not too little or too much. Otherwise,
the design can become bland (mild) and uninteresting
or unnecessarily confusing.
Figure 11: Contrast, Variation and repetition of
shapes and pattern
Proportion: One of the most important words is
proportion. To understand it, imagine that a man you
have not met before comes into the room where you
are sitting. At once you know whether he is tall or
short, fat of thin. How can you tell? Because almost
without thinking, you have considered the proportion
of the man’s height to his width, and compared his
height and weight to that of the door and furniture in
the room. As we look at the world around us, we are
5. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD43782 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 5 | Jul-Aug 2021 Page 134
constantly comparing one shape with another in this
way, and so forming or judgment of proportion.
Figure 12: Scale and Proportion of space and
anthropometry.
Scale and Proportion: Scale is a relative quality, the
relation of the size of one object to another and that of
each object or group to the whole. Scale must not
only be right, it must look right. Seemingly correct
scale is sometimes more important than
mathematically correct scale e.g. two chairs may have
identical overall dimensions and yet not look right
together, because one has heavier legs & arms and
seems larger than the other.
Scale on the exterior of a house is important, if the
house is to appear as a unit. The size of the window
openings must be related to each other and to the
whole façade. A large bulk of a house with tiny
windows will not get related to each other.
Proportion usually goes hand in hand with scale, but
is subtly different. Where scale describes the
comparison of objects to one another, proportion is
more about the way furniture and objects look in a
space, as well as in relation to one another. Getting
proportion right is tricky and is quite often chalked up
to someone having an ‘eye for design’ that results in a
feeling of comfort and harmony. Try using proportion
in your home to create a visual hierarchy that
emphasises some features while disguising others.
Figure 13: Scale and Proportion in exterior
(Source: Google image)
Properly scaled texture is important because as with
colour, the texture of a fabric can also make a chair
look larger of smaller, the texture of the wall covering
can make it advance or retreat; and the texture of the
draperies can make them seem right or wrong in
scale. Two identical window treatments will appear
entirely different, if one is draped with textured
cotton fabric and the other with crisp taffeta; the
former will seem, of course much larger. Scale of
pattern to texture is another aspect of the same
problem. The delicately drawn pattern is in better
scale with the finely woven smooth surfaced fabrics,
and the large, bold, define pattern more closely
related in scale to the rough textured surface.
The law of space relationship: An area to its
containing shape is called Proportion.
Figure 14: Proportion with size and occupancy
It may mean the relationship of one panel to an entire
door, of a rug to the floor, of the picture to its frame,
of a group of furniture to the wall space against which
it is set. It may refer to one small area of colour on a
wall in relation to the hue of the entire wall area.
Space relationships which are beautiful hold great
interest, but if it is not used in the correct scale, it will
look haphazard. They need not be alike or even
similar; repetition has its advantages and so has
variety, but restrain in both cases, renders a more
significant result.
Lines can seemingly after proportion as the above
sketch of two identical rectangles indicate. The eyes
travel across the one with the horizontal division and
so makes it seem wider. The eyes travel up the other
one and as vertical lines appear to add height, the
rectangle seems taller.
After long years of study, the Greeks evolved their
famous “Golden Oblong”, worked out one the
relationship of two is to three, as the truest expression
of good proportion.
They recognized that, the long thin oblong lacked
beauty, and that, the nearer the oblong came to being
a square the less interest it had. In between lay the
most pleasing forms. This relationship need not be
mechanically exact, and however, it is this flexibility
which makes it interesting.
2.1. Golden Ratio
Famous architect Le Corbusier study on proportion
resulted in Golden Section that, any design, two
dimensional or three dimensional, if evolved using
the under mentioned modules/ Grids, say 1:1, 1:2,
6. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD43782 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 5 | Jul-Aug 2021 Page 135
2:3, 3:5, 5:8, 8:13, 13:21, and so on, will definitely
look proportionate.
The Golden Ratio (also known as the Golden Section,
Golden Mean, Divine Proportion or Greek letter Phi)
exists when a line is divided into two parts and the
longer part (a) divided by the smaller part (b) is equal
to the sum of (a) + (b) divided by (a), which both
equal 1.618.
Figure 14: Golden Ratio
If you take our Golden Ratio diagram above and draw
an arch in each square, from one corner to the
opposite corner, you will draw the first curve of the
Golden Spiral (or Fibonacci Sequence) – a series in
which the pattern of each number is the sum of the
previous two numbers. Starting at zero, the sequence
is: 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144… and so
on.
By adding the arch in each square, you’ll end up with
the diagram of the Golden Spiral:
Figure 15: Space in Golden Spiral (or Fibonacci
Sequence
Conclusion
The making of a design comes spontaneously to the
person who has native ability. For him, an
unconscious feeling for organization and designing, is
a completely creative experience. The designing
process is a form of organization in which, the
elements are a collection of units. These units, in the
field of art, happen to be size, shape and colour. A
good design is built-up, as logically as any other type
of organization. It may also be compared to a form,
for the movement of a sonata (musical composition in
three or four movements) or to the plan of a city, etc.
There are two considerations in every design: first,
the shape of the object itself, called the structural
design, and second, the enrichment of the structure, or
the decorative design. Before one can be a successful
designer, one must get rid of the idea that, design
includes only the decoration added to an object. The
structural design is of the greatest importance and
should have the designer’s first consideration.
References:
[1] Bechu, A., Bechu, C., 2020. Using architecture
to reconnect cities with nature. Field Act. Sci.
Rep. (20), 52e57.
http://journals.openedition.org/factsreports/569
2.
[2] Cruz, E., 2018. Biomimicry World Tour:
research project in architecture and civil
engineering 2015e2016.
[3] Bechu, A., Bechu, C., 2019. Using architecture
to reconnect cities with nature. Field Act. Sci.
Rep. (20), 52e57.
http://journals.openedition.org/factsreports/569
2.
[4] Chayaamor-Heil, N., Hannachi-Belkadi, N.,
2016. Towards a platform of investigative tools
for biomimicry as a new approach for energy-
efficient building design. Buildings 7 (1), 19.
[5] Cruz, E., 2015. Biomimicry World Tour:
research project in architecture and civil
engineering 2015e2016.
[6] Doorn, W., Meeteren, U., 2014. Flower
opening and closure: a review. J. Exp. Bot. 54
(389), 1801e1812.
[7] Gerum, R., et al., 2013. The origin of traveling
waves in an emperor penguin huddle. New J.
Phys. 15 (12), 125022.
[8] Gissen, D., 2013. Subnature: Architecture’s
Other Environments. Princeton Architectural
Press. Gruber, P., 2011. Biomimetics in
7. International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD43782 | Volume – 5 | Issue – 5 | Jul-Aug 2021 Page 136
Architecture: Architecture of Life and
Buildings. Springer, Germany.
[9] Hensel, M., et al., 2010. Emergent
Technologies and Design: towards a Biological
Paradigm for Architecture. Routledge, USA.
ISO 18458, 2015. Biomimetics e Terminology,
Concepts and Methodology, May 2015, first ed.
(Switzerland).
[10] Arabindoo, P. 2014. Urban Design in the
Realm of Urban Studies. In Explorations in
Urban Design, ed. M. Carmona. London:
Ashgate.
[11] Archeological Project Services, Historic
Building Survey of Nissen Hut, Hartwel Lodge,
Moorlane, Roughton, Lincolnshire, report
compiled by Gary Taylor BA (Hons) MA MSc,
Lincolnshire County Council, June 2009.
Source:
http://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/catalogue/a
dsdata/arch-1045-
1/dissemination/pdf/BR_NissenHut_HartwellL
odge_MoorLane_Roughton.pdf
[12] Archer, David &Rahmstorf, Stefan, The
Climate Crisis – an introductory Guide to
Climate Change, Cambridge University Press
2010
[13] Bahamon, Alejandro (ed.), PreFab – Adaptable,
Modular, Dismountable, Light, Mobile
Architecture, Loft Publications S.L. and HBI,
an imprint of Harper Collins Publishers, New
York, 2002
[14] Barraza, Hansy Better, Where are the Utopian
Visionaries? Architecture of Social Exchange,
Periscope Publishing, Pittsburgh, 2012
[15] Bergdoll, Barry & Christensen, Peter, Home
Delivery. Fabricating the Modern Dwelling,
The Museum of Modern Arts, New York, 2008