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REPETITION 
SIMILARITY, PROPORTION, 
CONSISTENCY, ANOMOLY
REPETITION 
 This is the reuse of the same or similar elements in a 
design. Repetition brings unity, consistency, and 
cohesiveness to a design. 
 Repetition can be regular or irregular, even and uneven. 
 It can work in two ways: 
 Radial – in which the elements repeat from one central point 
 Gradation – where the repeated elements become larger or smaller 
Repetition also creates rhythm, this is the rate at which the eye can go 
through a design. It relates to the flow of the design.
Examples of Repetition
SIMILARITY 
 Is what elements look like and how they are grouped 
together. Similarity deals with what looks the same 
of similar to each other. 
 Similarity can be created by using the following: 
 Size 
 Colour 
 Shape
Size 
 Using elements at the same or similar size keeps the 
consistency of the design.
Colour 
 Colour makes similar elements easy to identify and 
give them dominance.
Shape 
 Similarity in shape makes elements more distinct 
and noticeable.
ANOMALY 
 Anomaly happens when an element is different from 
all the others in a design. This allows one particular 
part of the design to jump out at the audience.
PROPORTION 
 Refers to the relative size and shape of elements 
used.
CONSISTENCY 
 Consistency is used to build trust with and audience 
and give strength to a design. If there is little to no 
consistency then a design will become confusing and 
hard to follow for the audience.
EXAMPLES 
 http://www.nytimes.com/packages/html/nyregion/ 
1-in-8-million/index.html 
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_w-xms9h0Dc 
 sites for type class 02.24.11 
 Gestalt Principles

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Repetition Lecture

  • 1. REPETITION SIMILARITY, PROPORTION, CONSISTENCY, ANOMOLY
  • 2. REPETITION  This is the reuse of the same or similar elements in a design. Repetition brings unity, consistency, and cohesiveness to a design.  Repetition can be regular or irregular, even and uneven.  It can work in two ways:  Radial – in which the elements repeat from one central point  Gradation – where the repeated elements become larger or smaller Repetition also creates rhythm, this is the rate at which the eye can go through a design. It relates to the flow of the design.
  • 4. SIMILARITY  Is what elements look like and how they are grouped together. Similarity deals with what looks the same of similar to each other.  Similarity can be created by using the following:  Size  Colour  Shape
  • 5. Size  Using elements at the same or similar size keeps the consistency of the design.
  • 6. Colour  Colour makes similar elements easy to identify and give them dominance.
  • 7. Shape  Similarity in shape makes elements more distinct and noticeable.
  • 8. ANOMALY  Anomaly happens when an element is different from all the others in a design. This allows one particular part of the design to jump out at the audience.
  • 9. PROPORTION  Refers to the relative size and shape of elements used.
  • 10. CONSISTENCY  Consistency is used to build trust with and audience and give strength to a design. If there is little to no consistency then a design will become confusing and hard to follow for the audience.
  • 11. EXAMPLES  http://www.nytimes.com/packages/html/nyregion/ 1-in-8-million/index.html  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_w-xms9h0Dc  sites for type class 02.24.11  Gestalt Principles