This document provides guidelines for preparing a research paper or dissertation, including sections on the introduction, literature review, methods, results, discussion, and conclusions. It outlines the purpose, typical length, verb tense, and key elements for each section. For example, the introduction section should be 500 to 1000 words and provide the nature and scope of the problem as well as a review of relevant literature. The methods section describes the procedures and analysis methods used in simple past tense. The results, discussion, and conclusions sections analyze and present the findings in reference to previous research. Formatting guidelines are also included for font, margins, spacing, and page numbers.

1. HOW TO PREPARE
Dr. J. JANARDHAN
I. INTRODUCTION
i. Statement
ii. Objectives/ Hypothesis/ Research Questions
ii. Methodology
iv. Scope of the study/ importance of the study
II. SUMMERY
III. RESULTS AND ANALYSIS
IV. CONCLUSION
V. REFERENCES

2. SECTION
(length)
Purpose Verb Tense Elements
Title
8-15 words
Draws reader’s
interest
Simple present
tense
Abstract/
(200-250 words)
Mini version of the
paper
Simple past refers
to work done
 Objectives
 Methodology
 Results and Conclusion
Proposal Mini version of the
project
Simple past tense
refers to work
done
 Objectives
 Methodology
 Results and Conclusion
 References
Introduction
(500 to 1000
words)
Review
Literature
1000-2000 words
Provide rationale
for the study
Present refers to
established
knowledge in the
literature
 Nature & Scope of the
problem
 Review Literature
 Hypothesis
 Approach
 Principal results
 Main conclusion
Methods
(500-1000 words)
Sampling
Data Collection
Measurement
Describe what was
done-Experiment,
model or field
study
Simple past refers
to work done
 Description of Procedure
in systematic order and
methods for analysis
Results
(500 -1500
words)
Analysis
Present the data
the facts- what did
you find, calculate,
discover and
observe
Simple past refers
to what was
found, observed
 Your results
 Your observations during
the experiment
 Observations about the
results
 Results of calculation
using the data
Discussion
(1000-1500
words)
Evaluations
Show the
relationships
among the facts
Puts results in
context of previous
research
Present tense
Emphasis on
established
knowledge
present results
 Trends, relationships,
generalization shown by
the results
 Present How your results
agree disagree with the
statement
Conclusions Summarizes your
principal findings
Use present tense
emphasis on what
should now be
accepted as
established
 Conclusions should justify
the introduction
 Summary
 Implications

3. knowledge  Significance of the results
 Practical applications
STYLE SHEET
 The Dissertation should be submitted in A4 size paper
 Use Times New Roman font
 Font size must be 12
 Margins must be 1.5 inches in Left
1.0 inches in Right
1.0 inches Top
1.0 inches Bottom
 Double/ 1.5 inch spacing shall be provided throughout the
dissertation/thesis
 Page numbers shall be indicated at the bottom middle of each
page.
 Fresh Para should commence after five spaces

4. THANK YOU