The document provides guidelines for scientific writing and research. It discusses:
1) The definition and importance of research, which involves systematically collecting and analyzing information to increase understanding of a topic.
2) The typical structures of research papers and articles, including the introduction, methods, results, and discussion sections.
3) Key aspects of effective scientific writing such as clarity, simplicity, and accuracy.
4) The conclusion restates the key points and importance of following guidelines to produce successful, credible research papers that can be published and advance scientific understanding.
This powerpoint reviews parts of academic paper, such as the Title, Abstract, Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Findings, Discussion, and Conclusion
Scientific Writing should be fun. It is not for only science students but also for all the person who are associated with education or literature or any type of writing. For students also it is useful for paper writing. Dr. Daxaben N. Mehta
This powerpoint reviews parts of academic paper, such as the Title, Abstract, Introduction, Literature Review, Methodology, Findings, Discussion, and Conclusion
Scientific Writing should be fun. It is not for only science students but also for all the person who are associated with education or literature or any type of writing. For students also it is useful for paper writing. Dr. Daxaben N. Mehta
How do you write an original research article and have it published? – PubricaPubrica
The introduction sets the standard for the rest of your speech. It's divided into three sections: what's known, unknown, and your burning query, hypothesis, or goal Original Research Manuscript Writing Services.
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The aim of the journal article is to communicate your research effectively and help readers understand the issues at hand. Structure your manuscript so that readers take away the most important messages.
How do you write an original research article and have it published? – PubricaPubrica
The introduction sets the standard for the rest of your speech. It's divided into three sections: what's known, unknown, and your burning query, hypothesis, or goal Original Research Manuscript Writing Services.
Continue Reading: https://bit.ly/3zlvIxO
For our services: https://pubrica.com/services/physician-writing-services/orginal-research-article/
Why Pubrica:
When you order our services, we promise you the following – Plagiarism free | always on Time | 24*7 customer support | Written to international Standard | Unlimited Revisions support | Medical writing Expert | Publication Support | Bio statistical experts | High-quality Subject Matter Experts.
Contact us:
Web: https://pubrica.com/
Blog: https://pubrica.com/academy/
Email: sales@pubrica.com
WhatsApp : +91 9884350006
United Kingdom: +44-1618186353
The aim of the journal article is to communicate your research effectively and help readers understand the issues at hand. Structure your manuscript so that readers take away the most important messages.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
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Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
2. RESEARCH
“Creative and systemic work”
Simple term - Searching for knowledge and searching for truth
involves the collection, organization and analysis of information to
increase understanding of a specific topic.
provide information about the definition, classification and methodology
of scientific research.
3. RESEARCH
John W. Creswell defined "research is a process of steps used to collect and
analyze information to increase our understanding of a topic or issue".
It consists of three steps:
pose a question,
collect data to answer the question and
present an answer to the question.
4. IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH
Research helps to achieve your goal
Research reveals new ideas and facts
Research develops understanding and decision-making
Research helps understand what's not working
Research builds credibility
5. RESEARCH PAPER
most common medium used by scientists to communicate findings to
the research community
tell others what an investigator has done &, sometimes, persuade
them that the work is valid & useful
common format is referred to as IMRAD (Introduction, Methods,
Results, And Discussion)
6. TYPES OF RESEARCH PAPER
Types
Original article
Review
paper
Case report
Short
communication
Pictorial
essay
Letter to the
editor
8. STRUCTURE OF RESEARCH ARTICLE
Introduction - describes state of knowledge that gave rise to
hypothesis being tested (or question being asked) and states
hypothesis (or question).
Methods - describes research design, the methods & materials
used, & how findings were analysed.
9. Results - provide data & results of analyses. Tables & figures are often
used.
Discussion
brief summary of decisive findings & tentative conclusions
examination of other evidence supporting or contradicting the
tentative conclusions
consideration of how general your conclusions are
implications for further research.
Literature Cited - references cited
10. ASPECTS OF SCIENTIFIC WRITING
Clarity – work is unambiguous and free of extraneous detail or
conjecture.
Simplicity – Language and sentence and paragraph structure are easy
to understand and follow without losing authority or scientific credibility.
Accuracy – Data, Tables and Figures, and References and Citations
are represented honestly and verifiably.
11. IMPORTANCE OF RESEARCH PAPER
Good reading skills
Good writing skills
A sense of achievement
Knowledge about your subject area
Exercise critical thinking
12. ADVANTAGES OF SCIENTIFIC WRITING
It builds your academic profile
As an author, it increases your credibility
Your research works will receive more exposure
Most importantly, you will gain more insights into the subject
Builds your professional connection with other researchers and
authors
Improves your writing and research skills
13. Guidelines
for writing
a
successful
Research
Paper
Use innovative ideas and
ways to justify the
research work
Develop in-depth
knowledge of the subject
Have a clear
understanding of the
contents
Use a unique style of
writing
Explain different
scientific terminologies
and provide bibliography
The writings should be
simple.
Thoroughly proof read
from top to bottom
Follow all the
specifications of
publishing authority
14. Medium Sized Group of readers
Largest Group of readers
Smallest Group of readers
Title
Abstract
Introduction
Full
Article
ATTENTION TOWARDS ARTICLE
15. WHAT TO INCLUDE IN A TITLE
Key information about the study design
Important keywords
What you discovered
Keep it concise and informative
Incorporate important keywords
Write in sentence case
X lengthy titles
X add unnecessary details
X acronyms, abbreviations and jargon
16. INTRODUCTION
Places your work in context & gives readers enough information to
appreciate your objectives.
A good introduction 'hooks' readers; they become interested in the study
& its potential significance.
1 - Summarize previous knowledge & research
2- Prepare for present research by indicating a gap in previous
research or by raising a question about previous research
3 - Introduce the present research by stating the objective(s)
17. KEY GOALS OF INTRODUCTION
Present your topic and get the reader interested
Provide background or summarize existing research
Position your own approach
Detail your specific research problem
Give an overview of the paper’s structure
18. Abbreviations should be given following their explanations in the
‘Introduction’ section.
Simple present tense should be used.
References should be selected from updated publication with a higher
impact factor, and prestigious source books.
Avoid mysterious, and confounding expressions, construct clear sentences
aiming at problematic issues, and their solutions.
The sentences should be attractive, tempting, and comprehensible.
Firstly general, then subject-specific information should be given. Finally
our aim should be clearly explained.
19. MATERIALS AND METHODS
most easily written or will be written section.
30% of the reasons for rejection are related to this section
describe experimental design and provide sufficient details.
use questions like “what”, “how much”, “How often”, “where”,
“When”, and “why” to guide your explanations.
tread the line between completeness and brevity.
20. PROCESS OF WRITING MATERIALS
AND METHODS
Describe the research plan
Describe the materials
Describe the methods used
21. GUIDELINES
Review the journal's Instructions to Authors or Author Guidelines before
beginning to write this section. Here are some general guidelines:
For human -related studies, the first paragraph should indicate if
institutional review board approval and patient informed consent were
obtained. If not, it should be clear that any studies conducted were so
performed for accepted clinical indications and that the studies themselves
are considered acceptable and ethical for patient care.
For animal experiments, include a statement regarding approval by the
institutional animal care committee or appropriate body.
22. GUIDELINES
Identify the methods, instrumentation (trade names and manufacturer's
name and location in parentheses), and procedures in sufficient detail to
allow other researchers to reproduce the study.
Give references to established methods and provide statements on the
availability of materials.
Briefly state the statistical tests used to analyse the data. Usual, common
statistical methods could be stated without providing a reference; for
advanced or unusual methods, a reference or citation is required.
23. THINGS TO REMEMBER
Information is usually presented in past tense, either active voice or
passive.
Complete taxonomic information (e.g., subspecies or strains), on
organism(s) used, if relevant, also how, where, & when organisms were
obtained.
If the Methods section is long & covers different topics, it would probably
be wise to use subheadings that clearly break the text into several labelled
sections.
24. RESULT
The results section of the research paper is where you report the
findings of your study based upon the information gathered as a result
of the methodology you applied.
lay the foundation for the Discussion section, where those data are
subjectively interpreted.
craft a descriptive sentence or two that summarizes each result,
referring to the corresponding table and figure numbers.
25. IMPORTANCE OF GOOD RESULT
When formulating the results section, it's important to remember that
the results of a study do not prove anything.
The page length of this section is set by the amount and types of data
to be reported.
Avoid providing data that is not critical to answering the research
question.
26. KEY ASPECTS FOR FINDINGS
Use past tense!
Summarize data & generalize from data! Generalize with
explanatory details, statistics, tables, & figures.
Tables and Figures are important tools for reporting results, but
tables & figures only present data;
Do not interpret the data or draw conclusions in the Results.
If some of your results fail to support your hypothesis, do not ignore
them.
27. KEY ASPECTS FOR FINDINGS
Mean values presented in text should be accompanied by
standard deviation, standard error, or confidence intervals; range
may also be presented, if relevant.
When reporting results of statistical analyses, provide the test
statistic (e.g., F value, z value, t value, or chi square value),
degrees of freedom, and probability level (P value).
28. KEY ASPECTS FOR FINDINGS
Use accepted abbreviations and symbols. These may vary
somewhat among disciplines.
Do not begin sentences with numbers. Either write out the number
or, better, revise the sentence.
Use the word significant only when reporting statistical
significance. Use the word correlated only when two variables are
statistically correlated.
29. DISCUSSION
The Discussion section usually requires the most consideration, as
this is where you interpret your results.
Purpose of the discussion is to interpret and describe the significance
of your findings.
Begin by explicitly stating the main finding(s) of your research.
Compare your results with related research.
30. SNIPPETS OF EFFECTIVE DISCUSSION
Summarize the key findings in clear and concise language.
Acknowledge when a hypothesis maybe wrong.
Place your study within the context of previous studies.
Discuss potential future research.
Provide the reader with a “take away” statement to end the
manuscript.
31. SNIPPETS OF EFFECTIVE DISCUSSION
Summarize the key findings in clear and concise language.
Acknowledge when a hypothesis maybe wrong.
Place your study within the context of previous studies.
Discuss potential future research.
Provide the reader with a “take away” statement to end the
manuscript.
32. SNIPPETS OF EFFECTIVE DISCUSSION
Do not be verbose or repetitive.
Be concise and make your points clearly.
Avoid using jargon.
Follow a logical stream of thought.
Use the present verb tense, especially for established facts; however,
refer to specific works and references in the past tense.
If needed, use subheadings to help organize your presentation or to
group your interpretations into themes.
33. CONCLUSION
o The conclusion is intended to help the reader understand why your research
should matter to them after they have finished reading the paper.
o A conclusion is not merely a summary of your points or a re-statement of
your research problem but a synthesis of key points.
o For most essays, one well-developed paragraph is sufficient for a
conclusion, although in some cases, a two-or-three paragraph conclusion
may be required.
34. GOOD CONCLUSION
A well-written conclusion provides you with several important opportunities to
demonstrate your overall understanding of the research problem to the
reader. These include:
Presenting the last word on the issues you raised in your paper. Just
as the introduction gives a first impression to your reader, the conclusion
offers a chance to leave a lasting impression. Do this, for example, by
highlighting key points in your analysis or findings.
35. Summarizing your thoughts and conveying the larger implications of your
study. The conclusion is an opportunity to succinctly answer the "so what?"
question by placing the study within the context of past research about the topic
you've investigated.
Demonstrating the importance of your ideas. Don't be shy. The conclusion
offers you a chance to elaborate on the significance of your findings.
Introducing possible new or expanded ways of thinking about the research
problem. This does not refer to introducing new information, but to offer new
insight and creative approaches for framing/contextualizing the research problem
based on the results of your study.
36. RULES OF CONCLUSION
State your conclusions in clear, simple language.
Do not simply reiterate your results or the discussion.
Indicate opportunities for future research, as long as you haven't already
done so in the discussion section of your paper.
37. PROOF READING
o Proofreading is the act of searching for errors before you hand in the your final researchpaper.
o Errors can beboth grammatical and typographical in nature.
o also beused to identify problems with the flow of your paperand to find any word processing errors.
38. To help ensure that you identify all the errors in your paper, consider the
following:
• Work from a printout, not a computer screen
• Circle or highlight every punctuation mark in your paper.
• Use the search function of the computer to find mistakes you're likely to
make.
• If you tend to make many mistakes, check separately for each kind of error,
• End with using a computer spell checker.
• Leave yourself enough time.
• Ask a friend to read your paper