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Indian press
The document discusses the evolution of the Indian press. It notes that the first printed book in India was in 1557 and the first newspaper was established in 1776 by William Bolts. However, the first Indian English newspaper was James Augustus Hicky's Bengal Gazette, published in 1780. Hicky is considered the "Father of Indian Journalism". His newspaper faced opposition from the British administration and was suppressed in 1782. Several other newspapers were established in the late 18th century in Bengal, Bombay, and Madras, but faced censorship and restrictions from the British authorities.
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Indian press
- 1. INDIAN PRESS Dr. J.Janardhan
- 2. EVOLUTION OF INDIANPRESS Printing press was brought to India in the 16th century The first printed book in India was ‘Doctrina Christa’ in 1557 in Goa The English East India Company also set up printing presses The birth of the first newspaper in the country was towards the end of the 18th century
- 3. THE FIRST NEWSPAPERIN INDIA William Bolts, announced the first N.P. in India in 1776. He asked people to come to residence to read the news This newspaper had the two functions informing the British community of news Ventilating grievances against the colonial rule
- 4. HICKY’S GAZETTE JamesAugustus Hicky published the first Indian English newspaper-Bengal Gazette on 29th Jan, 1780 It also called as ‘Calcutta Advertiser’ Popularly known as ‘Hickey’s Gazette’
- 5. HICKY’S GAZETTE Hiscontribution makes him as ‘Father of Indian Journalism’ Its carried only advertisements in the front page He was the founder, editor, printer and promoter of this weekly It was really concerned the Indians
- 6. HICKY’S GAZETTE Itwas a weekly political and commercial paper He describes that ‘it opens to all parties & influenced by none’ His objective was ‘British Administrative’ private affairs Year later, ‘Sir Warren Hastings’ denied all postal facilities
- 7. HICKY’S GAZETTE Hastingsfinally took action against Hicky for defamation in 1781 He was convicted and sentenced to a year’s imprisonment and to pay a fine of Rs. 2000. In March 1782, the Bengal Gazette was suppressed This marked the premature and unceremonious end of India’s first newspaper
- 8. HICKY’S GAZETTE Hickyconsidered the ‘liberty of the press’ to be essential In June, 1781, Hicky was arrested He was stopped from bringing out the ‘Hicky’s Gazette’ In1780, Indian Gazette, appeared in Kolkata It was better in quality with 4 pages of 16 inches long It had three columns and it was well printed.
- 9. EARLY JOURNALISM INBENGAL… After 1790, ‘The Asiatic Mirror’ was started In 1795, The Indian World, The Calcutta Courier, The Indian Apollo begun The Bengal Harakaru was Started by Charles Maclean in 1795 In 1798, The Calcutta Morning Post & Oriental Star were started There was a war b/w British Administration and the press In 1799, Lord Wellesley introduced the Press Censorship in Bengal
- 10. EARLY JOURNALISM INBENGAL… Under the British rule, Fourth Estate was seized William Duane, Irish-American editor was suffered He started ‘Bengal Journal’
- 11. EARLY JOURNALISM INBENGAL… Lord Cornwallis issued an order for arresting William Duane Later, He couldn’t continued as Bengal Journal’s editor In 1795, he then started ‘Indian World’
- 12. JAMES SILK BUCKINGHAM… Sir James Silk Buckingham assumed as editor of ‘Calcutta Journal’ in 1818 It was an eight-page biweekly newspaper He was fearless in condemning the local custom of ‘sati’ He gave prominence to news and views British authorities became intolerant on his criticism John Adam, Governor-General, deported Buckingham to England
- 13. EARLY JOURNALISM INBOMBAY… In 1789, ‘The Bombay Herald’ appeared as weekly The second N.P from Bombay ‘The Bombay Courier’ was founded in 1790. Luke Ashburner, Alderman were the editors The Bombay Gazette was established in June 1791
- 14. EARLY JOURNALISM INBOMBAY… The Courier- Changed to The Bombay Times on 3rd November, 1838. It was fore runner of ‘Times of India’
- 15. EARLY JOURNALISM INBOMBAY… The Govt. ordered to submit the copies to Pre-Censorship Later, Bombay Herald was announced as Govt. paper They deliberately avoided the conflict with Govt.
- 16. EARLY JOURNALISM INMADRAS… Richard Johnston founder of the first newspaper in Madras The Madras Courier existed on 12th Oct, 1785 It was officially recognised by authorities It was a weekly with four pages
- 17. EARLY JOURNALISM INMADRAS… In 1795, Robert Williams started ‘Madras Gazette’ –Weekly In 1795, Indian Herald was started by Humphreys Censorship was introduced on 12th Dec, 1795 The press in Madras began to feel early the heavy hand
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