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![ENERGY METER
Electronic Energy Meter
Electronic meters display the energy used on an LCD or LED or cyclometer display, and
some can also transmit readings to remote places. In addition to measuring energy used, electronic
meters can also record other parameters of the load and supply such as instantaneous and maximum
rate of usage demands, voltages, power factor and reactive power used etc. They can also support
time-of-day billing, for example, recording the amount of energy used during on-peak and off-peak
hours. Electric utilities use electric meters installed at customers premises to measure electric energy
delivered to their customers for billing purposes. They are typically calibrated in billing units, the
most common one being the kilowatt hour [kWh]. They are usually read once each billing period.
In settings when energy savings during certain periods are desired, meters may measure
demand, the maximum use of power in some interval. "Time of day" metering allows electric rates to
be changed during a day, to record usage during peak high-cost periods and off-peak, lower-cost,
periods. Also, in some areas meters have relays for demand response load shedding during peak load
periods.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/electricitytheftcontrol-150927035555-lva1-app6892/75/Electricity-theft-control-11-2048.jpg)
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Electricity theft control
- 1. INTRODUCTION Power utilities indifferent countries especially in the developing ones are incurring huge losses due to electricity theft. To overcome this, a smart energy metering system is employed to control electricity theft. In this system a smart energy meter is installed in every consumer unit and a server is maintained at the service provider side. Both the meter and the server are equipped with GSM module which facilitates bidirectional communication between the two ends using the existing GSM infrastructure. Facilities to control meter bypassing and tampering are present. The bidirectional GSM communication using SMS ensures the effectiveness of these facilities. Pilferage of electricity can be substantially reduced by incorporating the proposed measures along with the prepaid metering scheme, which is optional. Consumers can easily recharge their energy meter by sending a PIN number hidden in a scratch card to the server using SMS. Legal actions against dishonest consumers can also be taken in this system
- 2. EXISTING PROJECT Link methodof on-spot monitoring facility: It is a series link method which is used between standard electric energy meter and the user’s single phase electric energy meter. Standard electricity measure module is connected in series between the user single-phase electric energy meter and fire wire, zero wire of enter user, the output of standard electricity measure module and the user’s single phase electric energy meter are separately photoelectric isolated, then outputted to the microcontroller to measure electricity
- 3. Electricity-stealing defense principleof link method facility: Circuital voltage and current are monitored by standard electricity measure module in real time. When loaded by using electricity, standard electricity measure module outputs impulse which has a proportional relationship with power (the number of output impulse per kilowatt), the output of user single phase electric energy meter also has a proportional relationship with power. If electricity stealing is took place, the user single phase electric energy meter cannot measure accurately, then discrepancies will come up between the number of output impulse in standard electricity measure module and user single-phase electric energy meter in unit time, it is considered electricity-stealing happen or user electric energy abnormal when the discrepancies accumulative total arrives certain level.
- 4. PROJECT DESCRIPTION In ourproject the power utility maintains a server and each consumer is provided an energy meter. The server and energy meters use GSM modem and GSM module respectively to communicate with each other using the GSM network. This project is designed for power theft prevention. First we measure the output power of EB station and send this power level to the microcontroller through signal conditioner. Mainly power theft occurs in the middle of the two distribution systems. Each distribution output power level is sensed and sent to the microcontroller through signal conditioner. If both the power levels are equal, there is no power theft but if the power level is unequal power theft has occurred in the transmission line. When we detect the unequal power level of transmission line, the microcontroller is connected to the alarm. If power theft occurs then the controller sends the information through GSM. To receive the SMS and alert to the EB persons and take immediate action to drop the power theft. And also in this project the EB meter reading that is Unit and amount through sensing unit(Digital energy meter) and Update Mobile.
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- 11. ENERGY METER Electronic EnergyMeter Electronic meters display the energy used on an LCD or LED or cyclometer display, and some can also transmit readings to remote places. In addition to measuring energy used, electronic meters can also record other parameters of the load and supply such as instantaneous and maximum rate of usage demands, voltages, power factor and reactive power used etc. They can also support time-of-day billing, for example, recording the amount of energy used during on-peak and off-peak hours. Electric utilities use electric meters installed at customers premises to measure electric energy delivered to their customers for billing purposes. They are typically calibrated in billing units, the most common one being the kilowatt hour [kWh]. They are usually read once each billing period. In settings when energy savings during certain periods are desired, meters may measure demand, the maximum use of power in some interval. "Time of day" metering allows electric rates to be changed during a day, to record usage during peak high-cost periods and off-peak, lower-cost, periods. Also, in some areas meters have relays for demand response load shedding during peak load periods.
- 13. GSM GSM is anopen, digital cellular technology used for transmitting mobile voice and data services. GSM differs from first generation wireless systems in that it uses digital technology and time division multiple access transmission methods. GSM is a circuit-switched system that divides each 200kHz channel into eight 25kHz time-slots. GSM operates in the 900MHz. GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) is the technology that underpins most of the world's mobile phone networks. The GSM platform is a hugely successful wireless technology and an unprecedented story of global achievement and cooperation. GSM has become the world's fastest growing communications technology of all time and the leading global mobile standard, spanning 210 countries.
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- 15. Operating frequency Standard BandwidthUsed • Asia & Europe : - 900MHz-1800MHz • America : - 850MHz-1800MHz • India (900MHz/1800MHz)
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- 17. GSM modem interfacewith microcontroller GSM MODULE CHIP ANTENNA MICROCONTROLLER
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- 19. Commands used inGSM: Commands always start with AT (which means ATtention) and finish with a <commands> character. Commands Details AT To initialize ATD mob.no; To call ATA To attend the call ATH To hang the call AT+CMGF=1 To set frame AT+CMGS=“mob no” To send msg edit the mob no. AT+CMGD=1 To delete the first msg AT+CMGR=1 To read the first msg.
- 20. RS 232 DRIVERCIRCUIT A standard serial interfacing for PC, RS232C, requires negative logic, i.e., logic '1' is -3V to - 12V and logic '0' is +3V to +12V. To convert a TTL logic, say, TxD and RxD pins of the uC chips, thus need a converter chip. A MAX232 chip has long been using in many uC boards. It provides 2-channel RS232C port and requires external 10uF capacitors.
- 21. RS232 DRIVER CIRCUIT PinDiagram : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 C1+ V S+ C1− C2+ C2− V S− T2OUT R2IN V CC GND T1OUT R1IN R1OUT T1IN T2IN R2OUT
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- 23. Compilers There are variousC compilers are available in the market for each processor families. For MCS-51 series the famous compilers are: RIDE-51 from Raisonance KEIL-51 from Keil IAR-51 from IAR Compilers PHYTHON Here we use RIDE-51 for 89c51. The programming in high-level language like embedded C, Embedded Linux will be converted to hex code with the help of these compilers.
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- 26. Downloader • Flash Magicis a PC tool for programming flash based microcontrollers from NXP using a serial or Ethernet protocol while in the target hardware. • It was created for Windows byEmbedded Systems Academy, Inc..
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