The ppt covers Introduction
Feeding habits in –, Phytophagous insects, Mycetophagous insects, Predaceous insects, Parasitic mode of nutrition ,Sensory organs associated with feeding, Sensilla on the mouthparts, Food selection by phytophagous insects, Prey specificity and selection by predators
Host- finding by blood- sucking and parasitic insects
Significance of food preferences
Ingestion by phytophagous, blood-sucking, predaceous and, venomous insects, Regulation of feeding, timing associated and food- storage in insects.
Diapause and cold hardiness in insects – biochemical aspectsMogili Ramaiah
Diapause is a period of suspended or arrested development during an insect's life cycle. Insect diapause is usually triggered by environmental cues, like changes in daylight, temperature, or food availability.
“State of arrested development in which the arrest is enforced by a physiological mechanism rather than by concurrently unfavorable environmental conditions”.
(Beck, 1962)
Diapause and cold hardiness in insects : Why?
The ppt covers Introduction
Feeding habits in –, Phytophagous insects, Mycetophagous insects, Predaceous insects, Parasitic mode of nutrition ,Sensory organs associated with feeding, Sensilla on the mouthparts, Food selection by phytophagous insects, Prey specificity and selection by predators
Host- finding by blood- sucking and parasitic insects
Significance of food preferences
Ingestion by phytophagous, blood-sucking, predaceous and, venomous insects, Regulation of feeding, timing associated and food- storage in insects.
Diapause and cold hardiness in insects – biochemical aspectsMogili Ramaiah
Diapause is a period of suspended or arrested development during an insect's life cycle. Insect diapause is usually triggered by environmental cues, like changes in daylight, temperature, or food availability.
“State of arrested development in which the arrest is enforced by a physiological mechanism rather than by concurrently unfavorable environmental conditions”.
(Beck, 1962)
Diapause and cold hardiness in insects : Why?
insect population estimation, nature of sampling , stage to be counted, collection methods , models used for sampling, methods of samples, sample size, nature of samples
its all about respiratory system of insects, arrangement and position of spiracles system. Types of different respiratory systems in aquatic insects.
Contact Email: mzeeshan_93@yahoo.com
insect population estimation, nature of sampling , stage to be counted, collection methods , models used for sampling, methods of samples, sample size, nature of samples
its all about respiratory system of insects, arrangement and position of spiracles system. Types of different respiratory systems in aquatic insects.
Contact Email: mzeeshan_93@yahoo.com
Assessment of Endophytic Fungal Flora Responsible for Plant Growth Promotion...Sryahwa Publications
The present paper discusses the highest colonization of fungal endophytes as Alternaria speciesin comparison with Colletotrichumspecies and Fusarium species in all three plants Pongamia pinnata, Securinega leucopyrus and Rhus mysorensis. These endophytic fungi protect these plants from various
environmental factors such as temperature, moisture and other environmental factors.
Environmental Science Table of Contents 37 L.docxYASHU40
Environmental Science Table of Contents
37
Lab 3
Biodiversity
Biodiversity
Concepts to Explore
• Biodiversity
• Species diversity
• Ecosystem diversity
• Genetic diversity
• Natural selection
• Extinction
Introduction
Biodiversity, short for biological diversity, includes the genetic variation between all organisms, species, and
populations, and all of their complex communities and ecosystems. It also reflects to the interrelatedness of
genes, species, and ecosystems and their interactions with the environment. Biodiversity is not evenly distrib-
uted across the globe; rather, it varies greatly and even varies within regions. It is partially ruled by climate,
whereas tropical regions can support more species than a polar climate. In whole, biodiversity represents
variation within three levels:
• Species diversity
• Ecosystem diversity
• Genetic diversity
It should be noted that diversity at one of these levels may
not correspond with diversity within other levels. The degree
of biodiversity, and thus the health of an ecosystem, is im-
pacted when any part of that ecosystem becomes endan-
gered or extinct.
The term species refers to a group of similar organisms that
reproduce among themselves. Species diversity refers to
the variation within and between populations of species, as
well as between different species. Sexual reproduction criti-
cally contributes to the variation within species. For exam-
ple, a pea plant that is cross-fertilized with another pea plant
can produce offspring with four different looks! This genetic
mixing creates the diversity seen today.
Figure 1: There are more than 32,000 species of
fish – more than any other vertebrate!
39
Biodiversity
Ecosystem diversity examines the different habitats, biological communities, and ecological processes in
the biosphere, as well as variation within an individual ecosystem. The differences in rainforests and deserts
represent the variation between ecosystems. The physical characteristics that determine ecosystem diversity
are complex, and include biotic and abiotic factors.
? Did You Know...
A present day example of natural
selection can be seen in the cray-
fish population. The British crayfish
are crustaceans that live in rivers in
England. The American crayfish
was introduced to the same bodies
of water that were already populat-
ed by the British crayfish. The
American crayfish are larger, more
aggressive and carry an infection
that kills British crayfish but to
which they are immune. As a re-
sult, the British crayfish are de-
creasing in number and are ex-
pected to become extinct in Britain
within the next 50 years. Thus, the
American crayfish have a genetic
variation that gives them an ad-
vantage over the British crayfish to
survive and reproduce.
The variation of genes within individual ...
Unit 3 VCE Environmental Science; Area of Study 2: Biodiversity looks at the benefits of biodiversity, the threats and conservation of the different levels - genetic, species and ecosystem.
Biodiversity is the variety of life on earth.
Biodiversity provides -food, shelter, medicine and industrial raw materials.
Biodiversity maintains the health of the earth and its people.
Biodiversity is an ecological asset to human beings.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
2. OUTLINE
Definition
Distribution
Causes, consequences and cure for biodiversity loss
Why we need biodiversity
Ecology as a guide to conservation strategy,,,,,,,,,describe
Ecosystem
Ecology
Community
Population
Individual species
3. INTRODUCTION
Biodiversity –
Biodiversity includes the variety of ecosystems, which includes
communities of organisms within particular habitats and the
physical conditions under which they live
Variety of organisms at all levels, from genetic variants belong to
the same species through arrays of species to arrays of genera,
families, and still higher taxonomic levels
4. Approximate number of described species
Viruses
Monera
Fungi
Algae
Plantae
Protozoa
Porifera
Coelenterata
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Annelida
Mollusca
Echinoderms
Insecta
Non-insect arthropoda
Minor invertebrate taxa
Chordata
Viruses 1,000
Monera 5,000
Fungi 47,000
Algae 27,000
Plantae 250,000
Protozoa 31,000
Porifera 5,000
Coelenterata 9,000
Platyhelminthes 12,000
Nematoda 12,000
Annelida 12,000
Mollusca 50,000
Echinoderms 6,000
Insecta 1,112,000
Non-insect arthropoda 125,000
Minor invertebrate taxa 10,000
Chordata 44,000
Total 1,758,000Insects alone 64%
With other arthropods 72%
5.
6. WORLD SPECIES RICHNESS
The no of species declines with body length
Extrapolating to the left will show that many species of small organisms have not
yet been discovered and described.
8. Population and community
Population
A population is all the organisms
that both belong to the same
species and live in the same
geographical area
Community
A community is an assemblage
of two or more populations of
different species occupying the
same geographical area
9. Sampling insects communities
Unlike monitoring population of single species, we
usually need sampling techniques to maximize the
number of species collected
Detection probability –should be equal between species
We need to standardize time and space to make diversity
measures comparable between sites
Detection probability statistical method using repeated
sampling of the same sampling site combined with
hierarchical statistical methods to estimate the
occupancy of a site
10. Generic trapping systems or direct observation
methods
Walking and counting individuals and species
16. Sampling in time
Density of sampling points
Location of sampling points
Should have enough points to sample the entire community
Optimal timing of sampling depends upon the life history and
behaviour patterns of the insects and environmental conditions
Enough sampling effort to capture species with different
phenology
Example:
Orthopterans: 2-3 times during summer; locusts, grasshoppers,
Butterflies: 3-5 times
Moths: every 2 weeks Optimal timing of sampling depends upon
the life history and behaviour patterns of the insects and
environmental conditions Enough sampling effort to capture
species with different phenology
18. Diversity
Aim; Compare and describe diversity of different
communities (sites)
Diversity refers to ”the variety and abundance of
species in a defined unit of study”
19. β-diversity
β (beta) diversity is a measure biodiversity which works by
comparing the species diversity between ecosystems or along
environmental gradients.
β-diversity measures how different are the two communities
20. Why do we need insect diversity?
Conservation of single species (populations)
Conservation of communities
Ecosystem services delivered by insects (pest control,
pollination, nutrient cycling…)
Threats to biodiversity
1.Land-use change,,,,,,,,,describe
2.Climate change,,,,,,,,,,describe
3.Invasions of exotic organisms,,,,,,,,,describe
Conservation biology evaluates the impact of these
pressures on biodiversity
OR the effectiveness of mitigation measures
21. Conservation of single species
(populations
Extinctions of rare species: some species are
conserved because they are rare and endangered
Imcludes Saproxylic -beetles (Osmoderma eremita,
Lucanus cervus) Butterflies (Parnassius apollo, L
ycaena phlaes) Dragonflies
DESCRIBE
22. Ecosystem Services
Primary productions
maintenance of the gaseous composition of the
atmosphere
control of regional climates
generation and maintenance of soils
waste disposal
nutrient cycling
pollination
pest control
23. Ecosystem Services
Ecosystem services are benefits from a multitude of resources
and processes that are supplied by natural ecosystems
Pollination (bees and other insects pollinating crops and wild
plants)
Pest control (predators and parasitoids of pests) Nutrient
cycling (e.g. dung beetles promote
Decomposition of dung into labile forms of nitrogen that can
be assimilated
24. Pollination
The ecological and financial importance of natural
pollination by insects to agricultural crops, improving their
quality and quantity The vicinity of a forest
or wild grasslands with
native pollinators near
agricultural crops
25. Pest control
Many potential crop pests are controlled by natural
enemies, including many spiders, parasitic wasps,
flies, and lady bugs.
These natural biological control agents save farmers
money annually by protecting crops and reducing the
need for chemical control
