In this workshop, we will take a look at the theoretical aspects of safety as well as the practical and statutory issues. One of the main causes of electrical accidents is said to be incorrect isolation of the circuits where work is to be done. To ensure safety of operators and maintenance personnel, proper switching procedures are necessary and more so when the circuits have multiple feeds and are complex. The possibility of voltage being fed back from secondary circuits needs to be considered as well. This workshop emphasises on the isolation procedures to ensure proper and safe isolation of HV, LV and secondary circuits.
Electrical safety is not just a technical issue. Accidents can only be prevented if appropriate safety procedures are evolved and enforced. This includes appropriate knowledge of equipment and systems imparted through systematic training to each and every person who operates or maintains the equipment. We will cover all these aspects in detail.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-hv-and-lv-switching-operations-and-safety-rules-25
High Voltage Safety Operating Procedures for Engineers and TechniciansLiving Online
Safety should be the first consideration for anyone working with electricity, especially high voltage. This workshop introduces participants to all aspects of the procedures required for ensuring safe work in any job involving high voltage.
At the end of this workshop participants will be able to:
Demonstrate approved ways of operating and earthing high voltage equipment to ensure safety of personnel at all times
Identify safe and unsafe working conditions
Identify requirements for a responsible person or appointed operator
Demonstrate a fundamental knowledge of the documentation required for Occupational Safety Acts
Perform live chamber and limited access procedures
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
Design engineers
Electrical engineers
Electrical technicians
Electrical tradespersons
Electricians
Field technicians
Instrumentation engineers
Plant operators
Project engineers
Staff visiting or working in hazardous areas
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/high-voltage-safety-operating-procedures-engineers-and-technicians-4
Safe Operation and Maintenance of Circuit Breakers and SwitchgearLiving Online
Switchgear plays an important role in electricity distribution and its performance significantly affects the overall performance of the system. Failure to efficiently disconnect faults elsewhere in the network or failure in switchgear itself is costly, resulting in additional loss of supply, damage to equipment and possibly fatal injury to personnel. It is therefore critically important that switchgear is operated and maintained correctly, within an overall asset management regime that is both economic and effective in securing a high level of system reliability.
This comprehensive workshop focuses on medium voltage switchgear, which comprises by far the bulk of switchgear on most electricity distribution systems. The emphasis is primarily on oil, air blast, SF6 and vacuum circuit breakers, but other forms of MV switchgear, for example ring main units and auto-reclosers will also be described.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/safe-operation-and-maintenance-circuit-breakers-and-switchgear-3
This training session covers electrical safety for unqualified workers. “Unqualified” workers are those such as machine operators, operators of powered industrial trucks, construction workers, and others who are not qualified to perform electrical work, but who need to know important information about the hazards of electricity and how to prevent serious injury.
For workers who are authorized to work on or near energized electrical equipment and wiring, additional training is required.
Complete Guide to Electrical Safety in the Workplacehudsonelectrical
The National Safety Council indicates that electrical hazards cause nearly one workplace fatality every day. Therefore electrical safety is especially important in the workplace. In this presentation here is a complete guide to workplace electrical safety. Visit: hudsonelectricalnb.com.au
High Voltage Safety Operating Procedures for Engineers and TechniciansLiving Online
Safety should be the first consideration for anyone working with electricity, especially high voltage. This workshop introduces participants to all aspects of the procedures required for ensuring safe work in any job involving high voltage.
At the end of this workshop participants will be able to:
Demonstrate approved ways of operating and earthing high voltage equipment to ensure safety of personnel at all times
Identify safe and unsafe working conditions
Identify requirements for a responsible person or appointed operator
Demonstrate a fundamental knowledge of the documentation required for Occupational Safety Acts
Perform live chamber and limited access procedures
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
Design engineers
Electrical engineers
Electrical technicians
Electrical tradespersons
Electricians
Field technicians
Instrumentation engineers
Plant operators
Project engineers
Staff visiting or working in hazardous areas
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/high-voltage-safety-operating-procedures-engineers-and-technicians-4
Safe Operation and Maintenance of Circuit Breakers and SwitchgearLiving Online
Switchgear plays an important role in electricity distribution and its performance significantly affects the overall performance of the system. Failure to efficiently disconnect faults elsewhere in the network or failure in switchgear itself is costly, resulting in additional loss of supply, damage to equipment and possibly fatal injury to personnel. It is therefore critically important that switchgear is operated and maintained correctly, within an overall asset management regime that is both economic and effective in securing a high level of system reliability.
This comprehensive workshop focuses on medium voltage switchgear, which comprises by far the bulk of switchgear on most electricity distribution systems. The emphasis is primarily on oil, air blast, SF6 and vacuum circuit breakers, but other forms of MV switchgear, for example ring main units and auto-reclosers will also be described.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/safe-operation-and-maintenance-circuit-breakers-and-switchgear-3
This training session covers electrical safety for unqualified workers. “Unqualified” workers are those such as machine operators, operators of powered industrial trucks, construction workers, and others who are not qualified to perform electrical work, but who need to know important information about the hazards of electricity and how to prevent serious injury.
For workers who are authorized to work on or near energized electrical equipment and wiring, additional training is required.
Complete Guide to Electrical Safety in the Workplacehudsonelectrical
The National Safety Council indicates that electrical hazards cause nearly one workplace fatality every day. Therefore electrical safety is especially important in the workplace. In this presentation here is a complete guide to workplace electrical safety. Visit: hudsonelectricalnb.com.au
Practical Electrical Substation Safety for Engineers and TechniciansLiving Online
Electrical substation safety is an important issue in utility networks as well as large industrial installations and requires adequate attention in the stages of system planning, design, installation, operation and maintenance. A number of serious accidents including fatalities occur every year in industrial establishments due to accidents involving electricity, resulting in huge financial losses and wasted man-hours. Electrical safety is a well-legislated subject and the various Acts and Regulations lay a lot of stress on the responsibility of both employers and employees in ensuring safe working conditions.
In this workshop, we will take a look at the theoretical aspects of safety as well as the practical and statutory issues. Safety is not simply a matter of taking precautions in the workplace. It has to start at the stage of equipment design. Safety should be built into the design of electrical equipment and it is the responsibility of every manufacturer of electrical equipment to remove every possible hazard that can arise from its normal use. Correct selection and application of electrical machinery is also important for ensuring safety. A thorough inspection during initial erection and commissioning as well as on a periodic basis thereafter is also very essential to ensure safety. Batteries used in substations need particular attention since they contain toxic materials such as lead, corrosive chemicals such as acid or alkali.
Electrical safety is not just a technical issue. Accidents can only be prevented if appropriate safety procedures are evolved and enforced. This includes appropriate knowledge of equipment and systems imparted through systematic training to each and every person who operates or maintains the equipment. We will cover all these aspects in detail.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-electrical-substation-safety-engineers-and-technicians-28
A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and interrupt current flow. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation. Circuit breakers are made in varying sizes, from small devices that protect an individual household appliance up to large switchgear designed to protect high voltage circuits feeding an entire city.
High Voltage Electrical Compliance and Safety Operating ProceduresLiving Online
Employees performing operations and maintenance work on high voltage electrical transmission and distribution systems are exposed to a greater hazard than most other employees. In industry the majority of safety rules and regulations originated from the painful experience of workers who suffered serious injuries or even death. Therefore, rules should not be seen as a means of limiting our freedom, but should rather be looked upon as valuable advice to ensure safe working conditions. This training workshop covers the basic procedures in working safely on high voltage systems including the aspects of safety management and safety auditing.
The workshop aims to impart a thorough overall knowledge of working safely on high voltage installations and the various related topics including:
Safety legislation
Electrical hazards and safety management
Technical aspects of electrical safety
Safety in operation and maintenance
Importance of periodic inspection of electrical installations for ensuring safety
Safety audits to detect shortcomings
The workshop will include hands-on practice in safety documentation such as development of switching plans and electrical access permits of different types.
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
Design engineers
Electrical operators
Maintenance technicians
Plant electrical engineers
Project engineers
Testing and commissioning engineers and technicians
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/high-voltage-electrical-compliance-and-safety-operating-procedures-14
Arc flash incidents can be costly in terms of personnel injury and equipment repair/replacement. This presentation provides an overview of the NFPA 70E 2012 Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace and the requirements of the standards, which are intended to better protect electrical workers from injury when they work on energized electrical equipment. This includes all aspects of facility and employer responsibilities for compliance to the NFPA 70E standards, as well as the current status of OSHA enforcement of these standards. Copyright AIST Reprinted with Permission.
How to work safely while working with electricity or electrical equipment. what are the safety rules to be followed? what is the safe system of work while working on electrical equipment. what kind of safety components to be used in place?
A switchgear or electrical switchgear is a generic term which includes all the switching devices associated with mainly power system protection. It also includes all devices associated with control, metering and regulating of electrical power system. Assembly of such devices in a logical manner forms a switchgear. This is the very basic definition of switchgear.
⋗To get more with details
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2SvKI7eepP241VLoui1D5A
Practical Electrical Wiring Standards - National Rules for Electrical Install...Living Online
Internationally there has been steady progress towards the harmonisation of electrical wiring standards. European standards are based on the international IEC 364 under the umbrella of Harmonisation Document HD 384. The format of these is reflected in the ETCI national rules ET 101: 2008 and the UK IEE wiring regulations BS 7671:2008.
This workshop is designed to provide up to date information and training on the current edition of National Rules ET 101: 2008. It will consist of in-depth teaching on all aspects of the national rules and their application with many practical examples and sample design calculations. The workshop includes references to safety, maintenance, inspection and testing. In addition, it provides a summary of some of the basic principles necessary for a good understanding of electrical installation technology.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-electrical-wiring-standards-national-rules-electrical-installations-et-1012008-2
Practical Electrical Substation Safety for Engineers and TechniciansLiving Online
Electrical substation safety is an important issue in utility networks as well as large industrial installations and requires adequate attention in the stages of system planning, design, installation, operation and maintenance. A number of serious accidents including fatalities occur every year in industrial establishments due to accidents involving electricity, resulting in huge financial losses and wasted man-hours. Electrical safety is a well-legislated subject and the various Acts and Regulations lay a lot of stress on the responsibility of both employers and employees in ensuring safe working conditions.
In this workshop, we will take a look at the theoretical aspects of safety as well as the practical and statutory issues. Safety is not simply a matter of taking precautions in the workplace. It has to start at the stage of equipment design. Safety should be built into the design of electrical equipment and it is the responsibility of every manufacturer of electrical equipment to remove every possible hazard that can arise from its normal use. Correct selection and application of electrical machinery is also important for ensuring safety. A thorough inspection during initial erection and commissioning as well as on a periodic basis thereafter is also very essential to ensure safety. Batteries used in substations need particular attention since they contain toxic materials such as lead, corrosive chemicals such as acid or alkali.
Electrical safety is not just a technical issue. Accidents can only be prevented if appropriate safety procedures are evolved and enforced. This includes appropriate knowledge of equipment and systems imparted through systematic training to each and every person who operates or maintains the equipment. We will cover all these aspects in detail.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-electrical-substation-safety-engineers-and-technicians-28
A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and interrupt current flow. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then must be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation. Circuit breakers are made in varying sizes, from small devices that protect an individual household appliance up to large switchgear designed to protect high voltage circuits feeding an entire city.
High Voltage Electrical Compliance and Safety Operating ProceduresLiving Online
Employees performing operations and maintenance work on high voltage electrical transmission and distribution systems are exposed to a greater hazard than most other employees. In industry the majority of safety rules and regulations originated from the painful experience of workers who suffered serious injuries or even death. Therefore, rules should not be seen as a means of limiting our freedom, but should rather be looked upon as valuable advice to ensure safe working conditions. This training workshop covers the basic procedures in working safely on high voltage systems including the aspects of safety management and safety auditing.
The workshop aims to impart a thorough overall knowledge of working safely on high voltage installations and the various related topics including:
Safety legislation
Electrical hazards and safety management
Technical aspects of electrical safety
Safety in operation and maintenance
Importance of periodic inspection of electrical installations for ensuring safety
Safety audits to detect shortcomings
The workshop will include hands-on practice in safety documentation such as development of switching plans and electrical access permits of different types.
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
Design engineers
Electrical operators
Maintenance technicians
Plant electrical engineers
Project engineers
Testing and commissioning engineers and technicians
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/high-voltage-electrical-compliance-and-safety-operating-procedures-14
Arc flash incidents can be costly in terms of personnel injury and equipment repair/replacement. This presentation provides an overview of the NFPA 70E 2012 Standard for Electrical Safety in the Workplace and the requirements of the standards, which are intended to better protect electrical workers from injury when they work on energized electrical equipment. This includes all aspects of facility and employer responsibilities for compliance to the NFPA 70E standards, as well as the current status of OSHA enforcement of these standards. Copyright AIST Reprinted with Permission.
How to work safely while working with electricity or electrical equipment. what are the safety rules to be followed? what is the safe system of work while working on electrical equipment. what kind of safety components to be used in place?
A switchgear or electrical switchgear is a generic term which includes all the switching devices associated with mainly power system protection. It also includes all devices associated with control, metering and regulating of electrical power system. Assembly of such devices in a logical manner forms a switchgear. This is the very basic definition of switchgear.
⋗To get more with details
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UC2SvKI7eepP241VLoui1D5A
Practical Electrical Wiring Standards - National Rules for Electrical Install...Living Online
Internationally there has been steady progress towards the harmonisation of electrical wiring standards. European standards are based on the international IEC 364 under the umbrella of Harmonisation Document HD 384. The format of these is reflected in the ETCI national rules ET 101: 2008 and the UK IEE wiring regulations BS 7671:2008.
This workshop is designed to provide up to date information and training on the current edition of National Rules ET 101: 2008. It will consist of in-depth teaching on all aspects of the national rules and their application with many practical examples and sample design calculations. The workshop includes references to safety, maintenance, inspection and testing. In addition, it provides a summary of some of the basic principles necessary for a good understanding of electrical installation technology.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-electrical-wiring-standards-national-rules-electrical-installations-et-1012008-2
ppt of Three phase fault analysis with auto reset for temporary fault and tri...Vikram Rawani
it's the final ppt which we have made for the project hope you will like it and make use most of it. it will definitely help you guys .
all the best (Y) :)
It is necessary to take safety precautions at home since your kids might end up playing with electricity. Here are a few tips for electrical safety which you can share with your kids. Call Caddell Electric for further assistance. http://www.dallaselectricrepair.com/
Lightning, Surge Protection and Earthing of Electrical and Electronic Systems...Living Online
Few topics generate as much controversy and argument as that of lightning and surge protection of electrical and electronic systems. Poor practices in earthing, and incorrect application and selection of lightning and surge protection devices can be the cause of continual and intermittent problems in a facility, often resulting in lost production and equipment failure.
This workshop looks at these issues from a fresh yet practical perspective and enables you to reduce expensive down time on your plant and equipment by the correct application of these principles. Essentially the workshop is broken down into the methods used to prevent lightning entering a facility such as dissipation arrays and those that divert surge energy away from sensitive equipment.
Dissipation systems are discussed with associated earthing systems. The unique properties of various surge protection devices are reviewed, enabling you to select the correct device suited to the application required. Earthing and surge protection for telecommunications and IT systems are examined in detail as well as the impact of lightning and simple techniques for minimising its impact.
MORE INFORMATION - http://www.idc-online.com/content/lightning-surge-protection-earthing-electrical-electronic-systems-industrial-networks-13?id=6987
Practical Arc Flash Protection for Electrical Safety ProfessionalsLiving Online
Electrical safety is an important issue for those working on electrical facilities in utility networks and large industrial installations. A number of serious accidents including fatalities occur every year due to accidents involving electricity resulting in huge financial losses and wasted man-hours. Arc flashes in electrical equipment are now considered one of the major causes of electrical accidents even surpassing the well known hazards of electric shock. Avoiding arc flash incidents and the resulting injuries is one of major challenges today facing electrical workers and requires adequate attention in the stages of system planning, design, installation, operation and maintenance.
Injuries due to arc flash can depend on many factors, one of which is the incident thermal energy on a worker exposed to a flash. Today, a considerable body of knowledge exists as a result of research efforts and is available to designers and maintenance engineers in the form of standards such as IEEE 1584 and NFPA 70E. This workshop will detail the basis of this approach and also about the major advances that have been made in the area of PPE made of FR fabrics and rated for different levels of thermal exposure.
Prevention however still remains the best form of protection and switchgear manufacturers have made considerable design advances to ensure that the effect of arc flash incidents is contained within the enclosure of switchgear (often called arc flash resistant switchgear) and methods of testing such switchgear have also evolved simultaneously. Another important factor is the approach to avoid arc incidents within the switchgear by proper design and maintenance and techniques to reduce the severity of the flash should such incidents occur.
These would form the key focus areas of this workshop.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-arc-flash-protection-electrical-safety-professionals-22
Practical Power System Protection for Engineers and TechniciansLiving Online
This workshop has been designed to give plant operators, electricians, field technicians and engineers a better appreciation of the role played by power system protection systems. An understanding of power systems along with correct management will increase your plant efficiency and performance as well as increasing safety for all concerned.
The workshop is designed to provide excellent understanding on both a theoretical and practical level. Starting at a basic level and then moving onto more detailed applications, it features an introduction covering the need for protection, fault types and their effects, simple calculations of short circuit currents and system earthing. This workshop includes some practical work, simple fault calculations, relay settings and the checking of a current transformer magnetisation curve.
WHO SHOULD ATTEND?
Design engineers
Electrical engineers
Electrical technicians
Electricians
Field technicians
Instrumentation and design engineers
Plant operators
Project engineers
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-power-system-protection-engineers-and-technicians-140?id=7086
Electric shock is the effect produced on the body and particularly on the nervous system by an electrical current passing through it. The effect depends on the current strength which itself depends on the voltage and body resistance.
Failing to take the necessary precautions can lead to:
- injury or death
- fire or property damage
Common causes of electrocution are:
- Making contact with overhead wires
- Undertaking maintenance on live equipment
- Working with damaged electrical equipment - extension leads, plugs and sockets
- Using equipment affected by rain or water ingress
There are four main types of electrical injuries:
-Electrocution (death due to electrical shock)
-Electrical Shock
-Burns
-Falls
An arc flash happens when electric current flows through an air gap between conductors.
ARC BLAST
• Arc-blasts occur from high- amperage currents arcing through the air.
This can be caused by accidental contact with energized components or equipment failure.
• A DANGEROUS PRESSURE WAVE
• A DANGEROUS SOUND WAVE
• SHRAPNEL
• EXTREME HEAT
• EXTREME LIGHT.
ELECTRIC CURRENT
• Caused by the motion of electrons
• If channeled in a given direction, a flow of electrons occurs.
Severity of the shock depends on:
Path of current through the body
Amount of current flowing through the body Length of time the body is in the circuit
I would like to share some knowledge of surge protection devices.
This presentation highlights some concepts of surge and surge protectors.
Presentation Index is as follows:
> Types of Surge
> Sources of Surge
> Surge Current & Voltage waveform
> Importance of Surge Protectors
> Types of Surge protectors
> Location of Surge Protectors
Practical Earthing, Bonding, Lightning and Surge ProtectionLiving Online
Few topics generate as much controversy and argument as that of earthing and the associated topics of surge protection, shielding and lightning of electrical and electronic systems. Poor earthing practice can be the cause of continual and intermittent difficult-to-diagnose problems in a facility. This workshop looks at these issues from a fresh yet practical perspective and enables you to reduce expensive down time on your plant and equipment to a minimum by correct application of these principles.
This workshop is designed to demystify the subject of earthing and presents the subject in a clear, straightforward manner. Installation, testing and inspection procedures for industrial and commercial power systems will be examined in detail. Essentially this workshop is broken down into earthing, shielding and surge protection for both power and electronics systems. Earthing and surge protection for telecommunications and IT systems are examined in detail. Finally, the impact of lightning is examined and simple techniques for minimising its impact described.
THE WORKSHOP:
This practical workshop covers all the essentials of process control and tools to optimise the operation of your plant and process, including the ability to perform effective loop tuning.
Practical process control is aimed at engineers and technicians who wish to have a clear, practical understanding of the essentials of process control and loop tuning, as well as how to optimise the operation of their particular plant or process. These persons would typically be primarily involved in the design, implementation and upgrading of industrial control systems. Mathematical theory has been kept to a minimum with the emphasis throughout on practical applications and useful information.
Inspection, Testing and Commissioning of Electrical Switchboards, Circuit Bre...Living Online
THE WORKSHOP:
Whether you are designing, specifying, installing, testing or commissioning electrical equipment from small to large commercial and industrial installations, you need to have a thorough understanding of switchboards, switchgear, circuit breakers and associated protective relays.
The overall focus of this workshop is on electrical inspection, testing and commissioning and will commence with a detailed examination of switchgear (and circuit breakers). Circuit breakers are critical components in electrical distribution systems and their operation significantly affects the overall operation of the system. Protection relays are then discussed. These are used in power systems to maximise continuity of supply and are found in both small and large power systems from generation, through transmission, distribution and utilisation of power in plant, industrial and commercial equipment.
We cover commissioning and periodic inspection of cables and their various failure modes and how to detect these faults. The often neglected topic of switchboards will be detailed next, followed by the interesting topic of interfacing to the control system (either PLC’s or other control devices).
Case studies and practical sessions are used throughout to illustrate key practical principles.
This workshop covers key elements in a practical and project focused way. Many people assume (wrongly) that inspecting, testing and commissioning is a fairly straightforward process and is simply a rubber stamp confirmation of a so-called outstanding design. Our experience in the field demonstrates quite the opposite; where the litany of problems ranges from design and installation errors to equipment manufacturing defects. It is best that these problems are identified and corrected before the inevitable downtime comes in an operational installation where many thousands of dollars are lost in correcting the faults. The situation today is made more challenging by the heightened safety requirements and interfacing to low powered electronic control and monitoring devices (such as PLC’s) using software that has to also be verified.
Hands on Data Communications, Networking & TCP/IP TroubleshootingLiving Online
THE WORKSHOP:
Data communication is given high priority in today’s industrial environment. This workshop is designed to be hands-on, providing the participants with essential knowledge and helping them to understand and troubleshoot systems.
This is a comprehensive two-day hands-on workshop that covers practical aspects of data communication such as serial communications, Ethernet networking, TCP/IP, Modbus, wireless communications and security.
This workshop is for enthusiastic engineers and technicians who wish to develop and enhance their practical knowledge in the field of data communications and networking. It will help them to understand the concepts behind data transmission, the various protocols involved, and the topologies that govern data exchange among various systems in industry. It will also equip them with the skills and tools to design and/or maintain these systems on an ongoing basis.
Fundamentals of Instrumentation, Process Control, PLCs and SCADA for Plant Op...Living Online
THE WORKSHOP:
This course represents a tremendous opportunity to gain expertise in all the key areas of the fast growing area of industrial automation in two days. Presented by an expert in the area but who is passionate with getting the key chunks of know-how and expertise across to you in a simple understandable manner which you can immediately apply to your job. This is most definitely not a boring lecture style presentation but an intensive learning experience where you will walk away with real skills as a result of the hands-on practical exercises, calculations, case studies and group sessions to ensure an understanding of the concepts and ideas discussed. You will undertake practical sessions at approximately 20 to 30 minute intervals to maximise the absorption rate.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Design and Analysis of Algorithms-DP,Backtracking,Graphs,B&B
Practical HV and LV Switching Operations and Safety Rules
1. Practical HV and LV Switching Operations and Safety
Rules
Technology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss
2. Topics
• Electric shock and its causes
• Direct and indirect contact
• Touch and Step potential
• Role of electrical insulation in safety
• Avoiding electrical shock
• Earthing systems and safety implications
• Earthing of outdoor installations
Technology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss
3. Electrical hazards
• Invisible nature and potent power
• Electricity – Good slave but a bad master
• Result in disabilities, loss of precious life, damage to
equipment and property, huge financial losses, loss of
reputation
• Main causes:
– Misuse of electricity
– Carelessness
– Disregard to safety precautions while working with
electricity
Technology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss
4. Electric shock and associated effects
• Internal organ damage by passage of electricity
through body
• Burns on skin at point of contact
• Injuries by electric shock combined with fall
• Temperature hazards due to high temperatures
of electrical equipment
• Loss of consciousness
• Burns and injuries due to Arc flash, Arc blast
Technology www.idc-online.com/slideshare Technology TTrraaiinniinngg tthhaatt Wwoorrkkss
5. Electric shock
• Passage of electric current through body results in
shock
• Electric shock, a result of following conditions:
– Exposure to live parts (Direct contact)
– Exposure to parts that accidentally become live
(Indirect contact)
– Potential difference between different points of
earth under certain conditions
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6. Resistance of human Body to Electric current
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7. Effects of D.C. Current
Slight sensation Men = 1.0 mA Women = 0.6 mA
Threshold of perception Men = 5.2 mA Women = 3.5 mA
Painful, but Men = 62 mA Women = 41 mA
voluntary muscle
control maintained
Painful, unable Men = 76 mA Women = 51 mA
let go of wires
Severe pain, Men = 90 mA Women = 60 mA
difficulty breathing
Possible heart Men = 500 mA Women = 500 mA
fibrillation
after 3 seconds
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8. Main factors determining seriousness of shock
• Path of current flow through body
• Magnitude of current
• Duration of current flow
• Body’s electrical resistance
• Human body presents resistance to flow of electric current - However
is not a constant value
Depends on factors such as:
• Body weight
• Manner in which contact occurs
• Parts of body that are in contact with earth and resistance values between
contact points
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9. Direct and Indirect contact
• Electric shock hazard can arise due to ‘Direct contact’ or
‘Indirect contact’
• Direct Contact:
– Contact of person/livestock with live electric parts
– Condition when human body comes into contact with part that
is normally live
– Current through body governed by voltage at point of contact,
voltage across body and earth, and resistance of human body
– Voltage to which human body is subjected, a main factor
influencing current through body
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10. Direct contact
Direct contact hazard can be minimized by:
• Using appropriate insulation for live parts
• Providing barriers for exposed live
conductors
• Use of residual current devices
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11. Indirect contact
• Contact of person/livestock, with exposed conductive parts
that have become live under fault conditions
• Potential applied on human body in situations other than
‘direct’ contact
• Usually happens when:
– Human body is in contact with an external conductive part and a system fault
involving live conductor and external conductive part
– Potential difference between two points on earth arising out of system earth
fault gets applied across two feet (with distance being about 1 metre) of a
standing person
• Separated extra low voltage systems (SELV) provide safety
against direct, indirect contact hazards
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12. Step potential
• Voltage difference between a person's feet
• Caused by voltage gradient in soil at the point
where a fault enters earth
• Potential gradient steepest near fault location and
thereafter reduces gradually
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13. Touch potential
• Represents same basic hazard as Step potential, except
potential exists between person's hand and his/her feet
• Eg. Person standing on earth touches structure that is
conducting fault current into earth
• Safe limit of touch potential usually much lower than
that of step potential
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14. Touch Voltage
Voltage that appears between any
point of contact with uninsulated
metal work located within 2.5
metres from earth surface and any
point on earth surface within
horizontal distance of 1.25 metres
from vertical projection of point
of contact with uninsulated metal
work
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15. Step voltage, Touch voltage and
Transferred voltage
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16. Safety against Step, Touch potentials
• Limiting step, touch potentials to safe values in
substation, vital to personnel safety
• Step, Touch potentials greatly reduced by
equipotential wire mesh, safety mat
• Mesh
– Installed in immediate vicinity of any equipment a worker
might touch
– Connected to main earth grid
• Mat minimises touch, step voltages experienced by
operating personnel
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17. Transferred Earth Potential
• Pipe-work, rails, cables with metallic sheaths connect services
inside substation with external installations
• During earth fault, entire earth grid, earthed parts in substation
experience potential rise above remote earth
• Dangerous potential differences introduced between metal
parts connected with substation earth grid and services not
connected to grid
• If metal parts of services are connected to earth grid, potential
rise of earth grid gets transferred to remote points that are at
true earth potential - Pose danger to personnel of remote
installations
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18. Role of electrical insulation in safety
• Insulating materials in some form or other used in all Electrical
equipment
• Insulation materials can be:
– Solid
– Liquid (eg. dielectric oils used in transformers)
– Gas (eg. SF6 used in HV switchgear and circuit breakers)
• Insulation helps:
– To prevent short circuit between live conductors and between live
conductor and enclosures of equipment
– To prevent live conductors coming in contact with human body
• Solid insulating materials play crucial role in safety
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19. Properties of insulation materials
Properties that decide suitability of insulation material for
an application:
• Voltage withstand rating:
− Expressed usually as kV/mm - Electrical stress beyond
limit may result in breakdown of insulation material
• Operating temperature limit:
− At temperatures higher than operating limit of insulator,
insulation properties of insulator may deteriorate and
cause it to fail
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20. Hazards posed by electrical equipment
Type of equipment Hazards
Generation equipment Electric shock, arc flash, mechanical hazards
Transformers Electric shock, arc flash, fire hazard
Overhead Transmission/distribution lines Electric shock, arc flash, fall from heights
Cables Electric shock, arc flash, fire hazard
Bus ducts Electric shock, arc flash, thermal hazard
Distribution equipment Electric shock, arc flash, thermal hazard, fire hazard
Motive equipment Electric shock, arc flash, thermal hazard,
mechanical hazards
Heating equipment Electric shock, arc flash, thermal hazard
Lighting equipment Electric shock, arc flash, thermal hazard, fall from
heights
Uninterrupted power supplies with battery Electric shock, arc flash, hazards from corrosive
liquids and explosive gases
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21. Causes of electrical accidents
• Failure to isolate live parts/inadequate or insecure
isolation of live parts
• Poor maintenance and faulty equipment
• Insufficient information about system being worked on
• Carelessness, lack of safety procedures, failure of
adherence to procedures including failure to prove DEAD.
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22. Live work
• Mainly performed to minimise disruption of supply to
consumers
• Restrict work on live equipment to specific situations
– On-line washing of insulators in HV outdoor substations
– LV maintenance work such as lamp/fuse changes
– Testing work using alternate power supplies
• Should be carried out only where specifically permitted by
applicable rules and legislation
• Take appropriate precautions against direct contact
• Properly shroud, install temporary barriers for adjacent
exposed live parts
• Use insulated tools
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23. Documentation and work instructions
• Clear set of accurate documentation on installation -
Foremost factor in ensuring safety
• Should contain schematic diagrams, floor plans, wiring
diagrams, cable schedules, literature of all equipment
forming part of installation
• Clearly enunciated operating, safety instructions must
be available for each operational task carried out by
operators
• Particular attention needed by operating personnel to
procedures on isolation, securing isolation and
earthing of equipment
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24. Operator training
• No amount of documentation is a substitute for a
knowledgeable operator
• All operators must be trained in:
– Equipment and installations intended to be operated by
them
– Safety procedures, equipment operating principles. Should
acquire familiarity with all available documentation
– Emergency actions expected of them in the event of
accidents
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25. Utilizing interlocks
• Well designed equipment likely to have safety
interlocks
• Mechanical or key interlocks supplemented by
electrical interlocks
• NEVER override safety interlocks
• If at all an interlock must be defeated (due to equipment
malfunction), should be done after complete
verification, with proper authorisation. Must never be
done in a hurry
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26. Earthing power supply systems and
safety implications
Earthing in electrical systems:
• Provides electrical supply system with electrical
reference to earth mass
• Two types:
• System earthing or earthing
• Protective earthing
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27. Impedance earthing using neutral
reactor
• Inductor (also called earthing reactor) used to
connect system neutral to earth
• Limits earth fault current
• Value of earthing reactor chosen to restrict
earth fault current to value between 25% and
60% of three phase fault current
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28. Resonant earthing using tuned reactor
• To avoid very high earth fault currents (common on single
circuit o/h lines in remote locations)
• Variant of reactor earthing. Value of earthing reactor chosen
so that earth fault current through reactor equals current
flowing through system capacitances under fault-condition
• Common in systems of 15 kV (primary distribution) range
with mainly overhead lines
• Not used in industrial systems where reactor tuning can be
disturbed due to system configuration changes by frequent
switching (on/off) of cable feeders
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29. Impedance earthing through neutral resistance
• Most common type of earthing method adopted in Medium
voltage circuits
• System earthed by resistor connected between neutral point
and earth
• Advantages:
– Reduced damage to active magnetic components (reduced fault
current)
– Minimized fault energy – Minimal arc flash effects, increased safety of
personnel near fault point
– Avoiding transient over voltages, resulting secondary failures
– Reduced momentary voltage dips
– Obtaining sufficient fault current flow to permit easy detection,
isolation of faults
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30. Protective earthing
• Connecting enclosure to earth - Enclosure’s potential firmly
‘clamped’ to that of earth
• In event of accidental connection of live parts to conducting
metallic enclosure, person coming in contact with enclosure
does not experience dangerous high voltages
• Provides low impedance path for accumulated static charges,
surges caused by atmospheric or electrical phenomenon to
earth
• Earthing of shields, screens of signal wires ensures noise
control by minimizing electromagnetic interference
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31. System earthing and equipment earthing
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32. Role of equipment earthing
(protective earthing) in human safety
• Connecting conductive metallic enclosures of
equipment (not normally live) to earthing
system of substation, other consumer facility
• For effective earthing, current should flow
through equipment enclosure to earth return
path without enclosure voltage exceeding
value of safe touch potential
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33. Role of equipment earthing
(protective earthing) in human safety
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34. Earth fault loop impedance in LV systems
• Should not be high since:
– It will restrict earth fault current to values not detectable
easily
– Affect performance of fuses/ other over current protective
devices
– If fault loop impedance too high, earth fault current will be
insufficient to operate protective devices (over-current
release, fuses)
– Low impedance earth return path to source necessary for
adequate fault current flow to operate protective devices
• Earthing conductor fulfills function of low impedance
connection
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39. DO YOU WANT TO KNOW MORE?
If you are interested in further training or information,
please visit:
http://idc-online.com/slideshare
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