3. TEAM
MEMBERS
D.S.MANJUNATH
VINAY KUMAR.M
VISHNUVARDHANA .H.V.
KIRAN KUMAR.G.
GUIDED BY:
ASSOCIATE PROF, SRI S. PRAKASH.
ELECTRICAL AND E,ECTRONICS DPT.
BMSCOLLAG OF ENGINEERING (EVEN).
6. DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM.
Distribution system is that part of the
power system which distributes power
from distribution substation to local
use .
Generally the higher voltage
for distribution is 11000v and the
lower voltages are 400 v and 220v.
9. TYPES OF FAULTS IN DISTRIBUTION
SYSTEM.
LINE TO LINE FAULT .
LINE TO GROUND FAULT .
3 PHASE FAULTS.
OVER CURRENT FAULTS .
10. LINE TO LINE FAULT.
IT’S THE FAULT WHICH OCCURS
BETWEEN ANY OF THE 2 LINES .
AT THIS FAULT THE VOLTAGE
ACROSS TWO LINES WILL BE
ZERO, AND CURRENT IS
MAXIMUM.
V=0,I=∞
11. LINE TO GROUND FAULT
IT IS THE FAULT OCCURS
BETWEEN ANY LINE TO GROUND.
AT THIS FAULT THE VOLTAGE
ACROSS LINE TO GROUND IS
ZERO, AND CURRENT IS
MAXIMUM.
V=0,I=∞
12. THREE PHASE FAULTS
OVER CURRENT FAULTS
IN OVERCURRENT FAULTS THE
CURRENT IS MAXIMUM ,THAT IS
MORE THAN RATED VALUE.
16. Over view of currently existing
system.
Service station
Service vehicle
Consumer under dark
17. fault clearing system of current
existing system.
Sub A
Feeder B010
from Sub BFeeder A007
from Sub A
Open
Tie-Switch
Closed
Switches
Distribution
Transformers
Inferred Fault
Location
Customer
trouble calls
18. Sub A
Feeder B010
from Sub BFeeder A007
from Sub A
Open
Tie-Switch
Closed
Switches
Distribution
Transformers
fault clearing system of current
existing system.
Inferred Fault
Location
Customer
trouble calls
Customer
trouble calls
19. Difficulties in currently existing
system.
Fault Identification takes too much time.
At the time of raining it is too difficult find
and correct faults.
With the human error fatal accidents are
common .
L.V. distribution faults(after the
secondary of distribution transformer)
are cannot be identified from existing
relays, faults like conductor
down, overloading, short circuiting of
conductors etc. which unexpected and
very difficult identify.
20.
21. Objective of fault management
system.
To improve reliability and quality of
service of distribution system by
Reducing frequency and duration of power
interruptions to targets consistent with best
international practice
To operate efficiently and safely by
Minimizing power losses
Applying manpower resources effectively
22. Method involved
It will be consisting of control room with a
signal indicating system it may be a
computer monitor or big screen
Which will be indicating the status of all
section voltage and current with alarm
for any abnormal conditions .
After I identifying the fault feeder all
loads are removed from the network and
network will be charged idly with full
voltage and limiting current through a
current limiter which may be a saturable
reactor so it limits the fault currents.
23. Continued…….
After charging the line idly , all sections
current and voltage status will be
absorbed and faulty section is identified.
after identifying faulty section, it will be
isolated from the healthy one from
remotely .
After clearing the fault the section will be
closed.
Fault cleared successfully.
29. Advantages
The new fault management system has a
wide and verity range of applications and
advantages .
The down time is got reduced.
Less interruption system can be ensured to
the customer.
Revenue loss is got reduced.
With moves toward deregulation and open
competition, access to accurate and timely
outage information is critical in order to
maximize operational efficiency, minimize
customer complaints, and maintain electric
system reliability
30. Continued…..
Implementing same system to the L.V.
distribution the transformer secondary
side faults can be identified and
cleared immediately which ensures
the safety for men and machines.
31. Present Operations ( Average time to restore Power Supply 40 Minutes )
Circuit
Breaker
R/S feederR/S feeder
Normally open
point
RMU / DT
R/S feeder
Circuit
Breaker
R/S feeder
Normally open
point
Supply restored
manually for part
network typical
time 15 – 20 mins
Circuit
Breaker
R/S feederR/S feeder
Normally
open point
RMU / DT
CB Trips on fault
Circuit
Breaker
R/S feederR/S feeder
Normally open point
now closed manually
Additional
network
restored
manually, total
time 40 mins
Faulty
Section
32. Circuit
Breaker
R/S feederR/S feeder
Remote operation to
close switch
Additional
network
restored, total
time 11-18 mins
Circuit
Breaker
R/S feederR/S feeder
Normally open
point
Automated RMU
/ DT with FPI
Circuit
Breaker
R/S feederR/S feeder
Normally open
point
FPI indicates
passage of
fault current
CB Trips
Circuit
Breaker
R/S feederR/S feeder
Normally open
point
Remote Operation
of RMU Switch &
Partial Restoration
of supply –
typically 1-2 mins
After Automation ( Average time to restore Power Supply to healthy section 1-2 Minutes)
33. Impact of new fault management System.
Power Restored
to Customers on
Healthy Sections
of Feeder
Fault
Occurs
Customer
Reports
Outage
Travel Time
Fault
Located
Investigation
& Patrol Time
Time to Perform
Manual Switching Repair Time
Feeder
Back to
Normal
5– 10
minutes
15– 20
minutes
10- 15
minutes
45– 75
minutes
15– 30
minutes
1- 4
Hours
Power Restored
to Customers on
Healthy Sections
of Feeder
Fault
Occurs
Customer
Reports
Outage
Travel Time
Fault
Located
Investigation
& Patrol Time
Time to Perform
Manual Switching Repair Time
Feeder
Back to
Normal
5– 10
minutes
15– 20
minutes
10- 15
minutes
45– 75
minutes
15– 30
minutes
1- 4
Hours
Fault
Occurs
Customer
Reports
Outage
Travel Time
Fault
Located
Investigation
& Patrol Time
Time to Perform
Manual Switching Repair Time
Feeder
Back to
Normal
5– 10
minutes
15– 20
minutes
10- 15
minutes
45– 75
minutes
15– 30
minutes
1- 4
Hours
Without Automation
With Automation
minutes Hoursminutesminutes Hoursminutesminutes Hoursminutes
1– 2
minutes
1– 2
minutes
1– 2
minutes
Field
Crews
On- Scene
15– 30
Feeder
Back to
Normal
Power Restored
to Customers on
Healthy Sections
of Feeder
Travel Time Repair Time
1- 45- 10
Patrol
Time
Customer
Reports
Outage
Fault
Occurs
Field
Crews
On- Scene
15– 30
Feeder
Back to
Normal
Power Restored
to Customers on
Healthy Sections
of Feeder
Travel Time Repair Time
1- 45- 10
Patrol
Time
Customer
Reports
Outage
Fault
Occurs
Field
Crews
On- Scene
15– 30
Feeder
Back to
Normal
Power Restored
to Customers on
Healthy Sections
of Feeder
Travel Time Repair Time
1- 45- 10
Patrol
Time
Customer
Reports
Outage
Fault
Occurs
34. Applications.
Fault Location, Isolation, and Service
Restoration
◦ Can detect and locate fault, isolate the faulty
section, restore power to “healthy” feeder
segments
Load Shedding
◦ Can shed one feeder section if necessary
Cold Load Pickup
◦ Can pick up feeder load one section at a time
Feeder Reconfiguration
◦ Can balance load between feeders and reduce
losses
“Intelligent” Substation Bus Transfer
◦ Can transfer load to another substation following
transformer failure
35. R
T
U
R
T
U
Primary Plant
Interface
KEY ELEMENTS of DAS
Data & Control
Pathway
Communications
Master
Station
Substation
1
2
3
4
Optical
Fibre, Cable
Radio
Microwave
R
T
U
1
2 RTU
3
4
Communications
Master Station
Line
Reporting
Analysis
5
5
Control
Room, Corporate
Control Room
Operators
Outage Analysis
Operational
analysis, decisions, issue
controls
5
