PPT on earthing, grounding and isolation made by the students of SVIT,Vasad under the valuable guidance of the faculties teaching us Electronics and Electrical workshop(EEW) under the course of GTU.
PPT on earthing, grounding and isolation made by the students of SVIT,Vasad under the valuable guidance of the faculties teaching us Electronics and Electrical workshop(EEW) under the course of GTU.
What is Grounding?
• Importance of Grounding
• Types of Grounding
• Applications of Grounding in power system
• Instruments employed in Grounding
• Grounding procedure & calculations
• Hazards due to lack of Grounding
• Good Grounding practice
• IEEE rules regarding Grounding
• Conclusion
POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION
Protection Devices and the Lightning,. protection,
Lightning protection, Introduction
Air Break Switches
Disconnect switches
Grounding switches
Current limiting reactors
Grounding transformers
Co-ordination of protective devices
Grounding of electrical installations
Electric shock
Lightning protection
Lightning Arrestor
The apparatus used for switching, controlling & protecting the electrical circuits & equipments are known as switchgear.
The switchgear equipments is essentially used with switching & interrupting currents either under normal or abnormal operating condition.
It consists of devices such as switches, fuses, circuit breakers, relays etc.
Basically every electric circuit needs a switching device & a protecting device.
This is the simple ppt explaining about the main components of the power systems. especially we are determining the insulators and its types with real time pictures which are attractive,
What is Grounding?
• Importance of Grounding
• Types of Grounding
• Applications of Grounding in power system
• Instruments employed in Grounding
• Grounding procedure & calculations
• Hazards due to lack of Grounding
• Good Grounding practice
• IEEE rules regarding Grounding
• Conclusion
POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION
Protection Devices and the Lightning,. protection,
Lightning protection, Introduction
Air Break Switches
Disconnect switches
Grounding switches
Current limiting reactors
Grounding transformers
Co-ordination of protective devices
Grounding of electrical installations
Electric shock
Lightning protection
Lightning Arrestor
The apparatus used for switching, controlling & protecting the electrical circuits & equipments are known as switchgear.
The switchgear equipments is essentially used with switching & interrupting currents either under normal or abnormal operating condition.
It consists of devices such as switches, fuses, circuit breakers, relays etc.
Basically every electric circuit needs a switching device & a protecting device.
This is the simple ppt explaining about the main components of the power systems. especially we are determining the insulators and its types with real time pictures which are attractive,
Practical Electrical Wiring Standards - National Rules for Electrical Install...Living Online
Internationally there has been steady progress towards the harmonisation of electrical wiring standards. European standards are based on the international IEC 364 under the umbrella of Harmonisation Document HD 384. The format of these is reflected in the ETCI national rules ET 101: 2008 and the UK IEE wiring regulations BS 7671:2008.
This workshop is designed to provide up to date information and training on the current edition of National Rules ET 101: 2008. It will consist of in-depth teaching on all aspects of the national rules and their application with many practical examples and sample design calculations. The workshop includes references to safety, maintenance, inspection and testing. In addition, it provides a summary of some of the basic principles necessary for a good understanding of electrical installation technology.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-electrical-wiring-standards-national-rules-electrical-installations-et-1012008-2
ppt of Three phase fault analysis with auto reset for temporary fault and tri...Vikram Rawani
it's the final ppt which we have made for the project hope you will like it and make use most of it. it will definitely help you guys .
all the best (Y) :)
Practical HV and LV Switching Operations and Safety RulesLiving Online
In this workshop, we will take a look at the theoretical aspects of safety as well as the practical and statutory issues. One of the main causes of electrical accidents is said to be incorrect isolation of the circuits where work is to be done. To ensure safety of operators and maintenance personnel, proper switching procedures are necessary and more so when the circuits have multiple feeds and are complex. The possibility of voltage being fed back from secondary circuits needs to be considered as well. This workshop emphasises on the isolation procedures to ensure proper and safe isolation of HV, LV and secondary circuits.
Electrical safety is not just a technical issue. Accidents can only be prevented if appropriate safety procedures are evolved and enforced. This includes appropriate knowledge of equipment and systems imparted through systematic training to each and every person who operates or maintains the equipment. We will cover all these aspects in detail.
MORE INFORMATION: http://www.idc-online.com/content/practical-hv-and-lv-switching-operations-and-safety-rules-25
It is necessary to take safety precautions at home since your kids might end up playing with electricity. Here are a few tips for electrical safety which you can share with your kids. Call Caddell Electric for further assistance. http://www.dallaselectricrepair.com/
In this file, Cover is many topic like be:
1.What is Earthing?
2.Purpose of Earthing
3.Qualities of Good Earthing
4.Importance of Earthing
5.Type of Earthing
6.Methods of Electrical Earthing
7.General Method of Electrical Earthing Installation
8.How to work Earthing system?
9.Factors Affect to The Earth Impedance
10.Soil Resistivity
11.Applications of Earthing
12.Case Study
Contents:-
#What is Grounding or Earthing?
#Symbol
#Earthing cable
#History
#How Earthing works?
#Difference between Earth & Neutral
#Importance of Earthing
#Components of earthing system
#Types of Earthing
Part one of a three part series covering grounding and its role in protecting personnel, equipment, and integrity of electrical signals. The first installment reviews circuit grounding and its importance, along with the use of earth ground in the US AC power system. Suitable for readers of all technical levels.
The complete 3-part series on best-practices for grounding electrical equipment produced by Acromag.
When wiring or connecting circuits, electrical equipment, and electrical instruments, there is a connection that you probably don’t give much thought to, and one that consequently reigns as one of the greatest sources of instrument error and malfunction. The connection is your connection to Ground.
Electrical systems must be grounded in order to work properly. The earth often serves as an ideal ground because of its large mass and ability to absorb charge, but ground can be any electrical connection that is able to freely conduct electricity, and grounding a circuit does not always refer to making a physical connection to earth ground.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
3. Introduction:-
Grounding:
Grounding is the process of removing the excess charge
on an object by means of the transfer of electrons
between it and another object of substantial size. When
a charged object is grounded, the excess charge is
balanced by the transfer of electrons between the
charged object and a ground.
Earthing:
Earthing is used to protect us from an electric
shock. It does this by providing a path for a fault
current to flow to earth. It also causes the
protective device to switch off the electric
current to the circuit that has the fault by help
of fuse.
4. FUNCTION OF EARTHING:-
Equipment Earth : Path for fault current, lower
touch voltage, protection against electric shock.
Lighting Earth : Low resistance path to diverse the
current under lightning attack.
Telecom Earth : Signal Earth, reduce noise and
interference, stabilize DC supply voltage and
prevent electric shock.
Computer Earth : reduce interference, maintain
supply voltages.
6. The resistance of a ground
electrode has 3 basic
components:
A) The resistance of the ground
electrode itself and the connections
to the electrode.
B) The contact resistance of the
surrounding earth to the electrode.
C) The resistance of the surrounding
body of earth around the ground
Electrode. It consist of three basic
components:
1. Earth Wire
2. Connector
3. Electrode
Earthing Electrode
7. Plate Earthing
In this type of earthing plate either of copper
or of G.I. is buried into the ground at a depth
of not less than 3 meter from the ground level.
The earth plate is embedded in alternative
layer of coke and salts for a minimum
thickness of about 15cm.
The earth wire(copper wire for copper plate
earthing and G.I. wire for G.I. plate earthing)
is securely bolted to an earth plate with the
help of bolt nut and washer made of copper, in
case of copper plate earthing and of G.I. in
case of G.I. plate earthing.
8. Pipe Earthing
Pipe earthing is best form of earthing and it is cheap also in this
system of earthing a GI pipe of 38 mm diameter and 2meters length
is embedded vertically in ground to work as earth electrode but the
depth depend upon the soil conditions, there is no hard and fast rule
for this.
The earth wire are fastened to the top section of the pipe with nut and
bolts.
The pit area around the GI pipe filled with salt and coal mixture for
improving the soil conditions and efficiency of the earthing system.
It can take heavy leakage current for the same electrode size in
comparison to plate earthing.
The earth wire connection with GI pipes being above the ground
level can be checked for carrying out continuity test as and when
desired, while in plate earthing it is difficult.
In summer season to have an effective earthing three or four bucket
of water is put through the funnel for better continuity of earthing.
9. In this system of earthing 12.5mm diameter solid
rods of copper 16mm diameter solid rod of GI or
steel or hollow section of 25mm GI pipe of length
not less than 3 meters are driven vertically into the
earth
In order to increase the embeded length of electrod
under the ground, which is some time necessary to
reduce the earth resistance to desired value more
than one rod section are hammered one above the
other.
This system of earthing is suitable for area which
are sandy in character .
This system of earthing is very cheap
ROD EARTHING
11. A Multipoint Ground is an alternate type of electrical installation that attempts
to solve the Ground Loop and Mains hum problem by creating many alternate
paths for electrical energy to find its way back to ground.
The distinguishing characteristic of a multipoint ground is the use of many
interconnected grounding conductors into a loose grid configuration.
There will be many paths between any two points in a multipoint grounding
system, rather than the single path found in a star topology ground.
Multipoint grounding:-
12. Virtual grounding:-
If two opposite power sources are connected each other by a
conductive medium so that their opposite output quantities are
superposed (summed), zero or reference level result referred to as
virtual ground appears somewhere along the medium.
In this "conflict" point, the efforts of the "fighting" sources are
"neutralized". The process is associated with continuous energy
wasting from both the sources as a result of a continuous energy flow
through the medium.
Shortly, virtual ground phenomenon is summing of opposite equal
quantities associated with continuous energy wasting; virtual ground
represents the result of summing two opposite equal quantities.
13. TWO CLASS OF PROTECTION:-
Class I protection –use of barrier/insulation and connection of protective
conductor to equipment metallic enclosure in order to protect against
electric shock.
Class II protection –beside of the basic insulation, addition layer of
insulation apply to the enclosure. Therefore no extraneous conductive part.
The additional layer is independent to the basic insulation so that under
failure of basic insulation, it offers additional protection.
14. APPLICATION:-
Protect human against lightning and earth fault condition.
Protect the premises against lightning and earth fault
condition.
Provide low resistance and safe path for lightning and fault
current.
All metallic enclosure and extraneous conductive parts are at
equipotential.
LV System Earth.
15.
16. 1. Capture the lightning strike. Capture the lightning strike to a known and
preferred attachment point using purpose-designed air terminal system.
2. Convey this energy to ground. Conduct the energy to the ground via a purpose-
designed down conductor.
3. Dissipate the energy into the grounding system. Dissipate the energy into a low
impedance grounding system.
4. Bond all ground points together. Bond all ground points to eliminate ground loops
and create an equipotential plane.
5. Protect incoming AC power feeders. Protect equipment from surges and
transients on incoming power lines to prevent equipment damage and costly
operational downtime.
6. Protect low voltage data/telecommunications circuits. Protect equipment from
surges and transients on incoming telecommunications and signal lines to prevent
equipment damage and costly operational downtime.
17. Grounding and Earthing systems form the first
line of defense in every type of electrical
systems.
The system may be a generator/transformer/
housing installation/generating station/etc.
So it is strictly advised to know the basic
concepts of grounding as far as electrical
engineering is concerned.
18. WIKIPEDIA
GOOGLE IMAGES
www.google.com
www.slideshare.com
www.electricalworld.com