This PPT very useful to industrial safety person for give training about electrical Safety . it contain electrical job hazards and precautions .

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2. INTRODUCTION TO ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
Electricity is safe to use but may become dangerous in careless
hands. It may cause fire, damage and fatal or non-fatal accidents
to personnel, unless appropriate elementary precautions are taken.
This danger from electricity can be avoided by using good quality
equipment, material, proper wiring and installation as well as efficient
maintenance and upkeep of protective devices.
In large Factories of power system or other electrical installations,
it is not always feasible for the Engineers & Supervisors to explain
at length and as often as necessary, all aspects of safety precautions
to every new staff member nor to train him against all possible
hazards within a short period. It is therefore essential to introduce
safe operational procedure in the form of safety codes. DO’S and
DONTS’ & other forms of instructions and to train the workman
by practical exercise and drills in the correct operation and use
of electrical equipments, safety appliances & practice methods
of dealing with fire, electrical accidents, first aid & artificial respiration.
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3. Every case where a person receive an
electrical shock or suffer
injuries directly or indirectly, in
connection with the generation /
transmissions supply or use of
electric energy should be treated as
an “ Electrical Accident’’, even
though it may not be serious.
Again if a person gets injured due to a
fall from an electrical post, is better
to treat as an electrical accident and
report it so that it may be enquired
into, as the fall may be quite possible
have been caused by an electrical
shock.
WHAT EXACTLY IS MEANT BY ELECTRICAL ACCIDENT ?
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4. CAUSE OF DEATH
Each of the electrical parameters
Current
Voltage,
Resistance,
Time,
Frequency &
Wave from
are important determinants of
injury, both in their own right and by
virtue of their interactions.
Virtually all men almost all women
and children can let go at current
upto 6 mA.
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5. At 10 mA it has been observed that 98.5% men and 60% children
can let go. No one can let go at 30 mA and greater.
Current of approximate 25 mA may cause tetanus of the diaphragm,
the most powerful respiratory muscles. If contact Is maintained for
3 minutes, cardiac arrest may also occur.
In rare cases asphyxia may be the cause of the death. This may
result from the prolonged tetanus, inhibition of the high current
densities.
If care is provided within three minutes the victim may revive with a
few puffs of mouth to mouth respirations.
On the other hand, peripheral circulatory collapse secondary to
ventricular fibsillation remains the main cause of death.
This invariably develop in the absence of cardiac massage applied
simultaneously with mouth to mouth respirations.
These interventions which should be told to all electricians, should
be maintained until the arrival of emergency medical aid, which
almost always take more than three minutes.http://healthsafetyupdates.blogspot.in
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6. CAUSE OF ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
Proper operation of electrical installations require that machinery,
equipment & electrical circuits & lines be protected from hazards
caused by both internal ( arising within the Installation) and
external factors.
Internal Causes
1.Over Voltage.
2.Short Circuit.
3.Over Current.
4.Corrosion, leading to electrical current leakage to ground.
5.Heating of conducting and insulating material that may result in
operator burns emmission of toxic gases, component fires & inflammable
atmosphere explosion.
6.Leaks to insulating fluids such as oil.
7.Generation of Hydrogen or other which may lead to the formation
of explosive mixture.
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7. External Causes
1. Mechanical factors like fall, bumps, vibration.
2. Physical & Chemical factors, natural or artificial radiations, extreme
temperature, oils corrosive liquids, humidity.
3. Wind, snow fall, lightening.
4. Animals in both urban & rural settings, may damage the power
lines insulation & so cause short circuit or false contact.
5. And least but not the last, adults & children who are careless, reckless
or ignorant to risk & operating procedure.
PROTECTION:
1. CIRCUIT - BREAKERS
A. Miniature Circuit Breakers (M.C.B.)
B. Earth Leakage Circuit Breakers (E.L.C.B.)
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8. 2. RELAYS & FUSES
3. EARTHING
a) Functional Group :- Grounding of metal conductors of
3 phase system, mid point of transformers secondary.
b) Protective Group:- Grounding all metallic portions.
In the concluding part, I would like to convey that
Electrical Accidents occur due to the following reasons.
- Electric Shock
- Flash
- Fire
Prevention is better than cure.
If the mentioned Instructions
are followed we can avert the
wrath of electricity of human
life.
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9. MAIN POINTS TO BE CHECKED DURING ANNUAL INSPECTION
Every part of the installation should be checked by a responsible
officer and preferably recorded in a register or entered in a
tabulated form. In brief, this consists of following instructions
1. Service Connection.
2. Main Switch Board.
3. Internal wiring & its insulation.
4. Earth test & bonding.
5. Switches and fuses.
6. Portable apparatus.
7. Fire precautions.
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10. POINTS
TO BE
REMEMBERED
FOR
ELECTRICAL SAFETY
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11. 1. Always use the switch in phase-wire instead of neutral wire.
2. Always use 3 pin plug in socket.
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12. 3. There should be no joints in wire / cables.
(Minimum Possible)
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13. 4. Use M.C.B. for overload and short circuit protection at mains & at
power point.
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14. 5. Never touch any electric equipment with wet hands and never touch
any electrician working on electrical installations.
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15. 6. All metallic parts should be properly earthed.
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16. 7. All transformers should be earthed at four points.
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17. 8. Never shift any running pedestal / table fan.Desert cooler is further
dangerous.
Crushed wire will lead to shock….
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18. 9. Always use proper rating of fuses .
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19. 10. Always use good insulation wires and good insulation tapes, also use
proper tools.
Wrong Right
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20. 11.There should be “NO SMOKING” zone near transformer oil, diesel and
electrical equipment.
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21. 12. There should not be any water / condensate dripping near cables
/ panel boards .
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22. 13. Rubber sheets are must in front of panels. Also use while working at
its backside.
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23. 14. Sand buckets and Fire Extinguishers should be placed near
electrical panels / Installations.
Also do numbering of each panel…………..
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24. 15. Never use pliers / screw drivers of poor quality and poor insulation.
Damaged insulationhttp://healthsafetyupdates.blogspot.in
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25. 16. Never join two wires of different rating i.e. Thickness
Thin
Thick
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26. 17. Whenever there is a loose connection, spark will occur due to milli volt
drop which may result in Flash, Fire or Accident.
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27. 18. Never overload any socket or point.
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28. 19. Ensure while digging pits / trenches that cables are not laid in that
area. Also think for similar risk
while drilling in walls / pillars.
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29. 20. Never keep any thing inside or on top of electrical panels.
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30. 21. Staggered joints are useful where ever feasible.
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31. 22. Keep the Panels closed.
Wrong Right
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32. 23. Following precautions are must while switching ON / OFF any
domestic switch.
Water proof Switch
Broken Domestic Switch
- Hand should be dry
- Dry Shoes / Sandal
- Switch is not broken
- Switch is dryhttp://healthsafetyupdates.blogspot.in
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33. 24. Electrical work requires full attention all the time.
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34. 25. Concentrate on your work to avoid mishap.
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35. NOW AT THE END OF THE SESSION YOU
HAVE UNDERSTOOD
A) RISK FROM ELECTRICITY.
B) PRECAUTIONS AT HOME .
C) PRECAUTIONS IN FACTORY.
AND ARE ABLE TO PROTECT YOURSELF
AGAINST ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
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36. Thank you
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