The document discusses different methods of animation. Traditional frame-by-frame animation requires drawing each frame by hand, making it labor intensive. Procedural animation uses rules and simulations to automate motion. Key framing defines important frames for the computer to interpolate between. Motion capture records live-action movement to apply to digital characters. Dynamics simulations apply physics to animate characters and maintain realism. Overall, the document compares traditional to modern computer-based animation techniques.

1. By: A.Shankhinn
XI A

2. 1. The word “ANIMATE” comes from the Latin verb “ANIMARE” means to make
alive or to fill with breathe.
2. Animation is the rapid display of a sequence of images to create an illusion of
movement.
3. The most common method of presenting animation is as a motion picture or
video program.
4. In simpler word; animation means giving life to our imagination.
5. Animation is a method by which still figures are manipulated to appear as
moving images.
6. In traditional animation, images are drawn or painted by hand on transparent
celluloid sheets to be photographed and exhibited on film.
7. Today, most animations are made with computer-generated imagery (CGI).

3. 1. Computer animation, also called computer-generated imagery (CGI), form of animated
graphics using computers that replaced both “stop motion” animation of scale-model
puppets and hand-drawn animation of drawings.
2. Efforts to lessen the labour and costs of animation have led to simplification and
computerization.
3. Computers can be used in every step of sophisticated animation—for example, to automate
the movement of the rostrum camera or to supply the in-between drawings for full
animation.
4. When a three-dimensional figure is translated into computer terms (digitized), the
computer can generate and display a sequence of images that seem to move or rotate the
object through space.
5. Hence, computer animation can simulate highly complex motion for medical and other
scientific researchers as well as for feature films.

4. 1. Education: As we all know that people used to remember pictures or images more than text,
So Animation is the only and the best way to understand the main motive of any education
and it helps everyone to growth in their practical life.
2. Entertainment: The biggest use for animation is for entertainment. Animation is used on
the TV, on your phones, and all over the internet. In television, animation is mostly used to
occupy children, as is gives them something to laugh about and keep them entertained for
long periods of time. Programs such as Tom and Jerry are created to make the children
laugh, and tell the audience that just because you are bigger than someone else, doesn’t
make you better. Many movies these days are created using animation. Films like Cars 3, Toy
Story and Finding Nemo gained a massive profit from people watching the film and buying
the merchandise.
3. Gaming: In gaming Industries most of the things depends on animation. Without model a
programmer can’t programmer a game and everything in the scene starting from modeling,
Texturing, Rigging, lighting etc. all are done by the Animation students or professionals.

5. 4. Advertisement: Animation plays a big part in advertisement. Many companies
use animation in some kind of way to attract the audience. An example of
animation in advertising is the Dancing Pony Advert by the phone company
‘Three’. This advert attracted millions of people all over the world to their
website .
5. Scientific visualization: Animation is used to create models that are essential for
research and study. Animation allows you to create 3D, realistic models that
allow diagrams etc. to show accurate representations of an object. An example
of this is an X-ray. Doctors use this to get an accurate look at bones etc.
6. Creative Arts: Animation is also used in creative arts to show and produce the
skills needed to achieve a grade for example an IT course is creative arts. They
would use animation in their work and much of it for presenting to the class
they would use various diagrams and animations to get a topic across the class
in presentations
7. Simulations: Simulations are mostly used in the military for weapons training
and to train for certain events. Pilots also use simulations to practice their flight
training without having to spend money on fuel and equipment. Simulations are
also used for practicing events and to get a predicted outcome for something.
For example, when NASA are planning on putting a rocket in space, they will use
simulations to get a predicted outcome of what might happen. This is essential
because it can potentially save lives and resources.

6. 1. 2D animation can fall under traditional animation like most early Disney
movies — Pinocchio, Beauty and the Beast, etc.
2. But there is something called Vector-based animation that can be 2D
without being traditional.
3. With Vector-based, the motion here can be controlled by vectors rather
than pixels.
4. Images with familiar formats like JPG, GIF, BMP, are pixel images.
5. These images cannot be enlarged or shrunk without affecting image quality.
Vector graphics don’t need to worry about resolution.
6. Vectors are characterized by pathways with various start and end points,
lines connecting these points to build the graphic.
7. Shapes can be created to form a character or other image.

8. 1. Frame by Frame (Traditional Method): Earlier, in traditional method, animation was done
by hands because of the absence of the computer-aided drawing facilities. And, these
traditional method required a lot of effort for even making a short video because of the
fact that every second of animation requires 24 frames to process.
2. Procedural: In Procedural method, set of rules are used to animate the objects. Animator
defines or specify the initial rules and procedure to process and later runs
simulations.Many of the times rules or procedure are based on real worlds physical rule
which are shown by mathematical equations.
3. Behavioral: According to this method/technique, to a certain extent the character or
object specifies/determines it’s own actions which helps / allows the character to
improve later, and in turn, it frees the animator in determining each and every details of
the character’s motion.

9. 4. Key Framing: A key frame in computer animation is a frame where we define changes in an animation.
According to key framing, a storyboard requirement is must as the animator/artist draws the major
frames (frames in which major/important changes can be made later) of animation from it. In key
framing, character’s or object’s key position are the must and need to be defined by the animator,
because the missing frames are filled in those key position via computer automatically.
5. Motion Capture: This method of animation uses the live action/motion footage of a living human
character which is recorded to the computer via video cameras and markers and later, that action or
motion is used/applied to animate the character which gives the real feel to the viewers as if the real
human character has been animated. Motion Capture is quite famous among the animators because of
the fact that the human action or motion can be captured with relative ease.
6. Dynamics: In this method, simulations are used in order to produce a quite different sequence while
maintaining the physical reality. Physics’s laws are used in simulations to create the motion of
pictures/characters. High level of interactivity can be achieved in this method, via the use of real-time
simulations, where a real person performs the action or motions of a simulated character.