Multimedia involves combining different content forms such as text, audio, images, animation, video, and interactivity into one application or piece of media. There are five main elements in a complete multimedia system. Animation is the rapid display of images to create an illusion of movement, with each image being a frame. There are two main types of animation: 2D animation which involves moving drawings on a background either by changing drawings on clear sheets (cel animation) or moving objects along predetermined paths, and 3D animation which involves modeling, animating, and rendering 3D objects and scenes. The 12 basic principles of animation that help create realistic movement are timing, secondary action, follow through, straight ahead vs pose-to-pose action

1. Multimedia
Animation
Seminar proposed by: Marwa Mohammed ali
M.Sc. Student

2. CONTENTS

3. WHAT IS MULTIMEDIA ??
MULTI • Many or more
than one
MEDIA • Medium of
Communication

4. There are five main elements in a complete multimedia
system.

5. What is ANIMATION?
• Animation is the rapid display of a sequence of images
of 2-D or 3-D artwork or model positions in order to
create an illusion of movement.
• Animation is an events
Each drawing is called a “frame”
(a snapshot of what’s happening at a particular moment)
Required Frames Per Second FPS:

6. File Formats used in
Animation
 .dir and .dcr - Director files.
 .fla and .swf - Flash files.
 GIF89a file format: Graphics Interchange Format
• It is a version of the GIF image format.
• GIF89 a allows multiple images to be put into a single file and then be
displayed as an animation in the Web browser.

7. Animation Software
Animated GIF Flash Director
Created by Depends Flash Director
Extension Source depends
.gif (movie)
.fla (source)
.swf (movie)
.dir (source)
.dcr (movie)
Size Larger than
normal gif
Vector images take up
less space than GIF
bitmapped images
Vector images take up
less space than GIF
bitmapped images
Uses Banners, small
areas
Interactive video,
graphics, animation
More interactive sites
Need to play it Nothing Flash Player (Free and
works with most
browsers)
Web browser plug in
(The Shockwave
Player)
No sound Sound Sound

8. Editing software for animation
• Macromedia flash (2D)
• Asymmetrix 3DFX (3D)
• Magic morph (special effect)
• Ulead GIF animator (web animation)

9. Types of Animation
Two types of animation exist:
• 2-D animation
• Cel animation
• Path animation
• 3-D animation

10. 2-D Animation  Cel-Based
• Cel animation is a technique in which a series of
progressively different graphics are used on each frame
of movie film.
• The term "cel" is derived from the clear celluloid sheets
that were used for drawing each frame.
• (also called traditional animation, classical animation,
hand-drawn animation)
• Background remains stable .
• Object changes from frame to frame

11. Cel Animation
 one background is drawn and
An object is drawn on a clear sheet of plastic
(a cel), one drawing for each frame.
 When moving to the next scene, just
change the background
 (Cel) technique relies on fixed principles
are also used in the modern movement
techniques, and these principles and
concepts :
 Keyframes: which represent the beginning
and end of the movement.
 Tweening: Frames that are added between
the first and last frame to give the
appearance of continuity in motion

12. Path Based Animation
• moves an object along a
predetermined path on the screen
• The path could be a straight line
or any number of curves.
• And then the computer generated
all the frames in between called
(estimation Frames)
- the artist doesn’t have to draw
the intermediate frames (like the
artist did in cel based animation)

13. 3-D Animation
• 3-D Animation involves three steps:-
1. Modeling – creating the broad contours and structure of
3-D objects and scenes
2. Animation – defining the object’s motion
3. Rendering – giving objects attributes such as color,
surface textures, and amounts of transparency

14. 3-D Animation

15. 3-D Animation Special Effects
• Morphing – blending
together two images into
a series of images.
 funny warping of faces
and mixing parent's
photos for prediction of
how their child will look
like .
• Warping – distorts a
single image
• Virtual Reality – creates
an environment that
surrounds the user so
that he or she becomes
part of the experience

16. Animation on the Internet
• Animation is an excellent way to provide appeal on a
web site, choose from the following
 Animated text
 Animated GIF’s
 Marcomedia Director applications
 3-D environments

17. • Animated text – using the HTML <blink> command
causes text to flash on and off
• Animated gif – using a software program to create a
series of gif files such as GIF Builder
• 3-D environments – a computer language used to create
3-D images

18. 12 Basic Principles of
Animation
1. Timing
o The basics are: more drawings between poses slow and
smooth the action. Fewer drawings make the action faster and
crisper. A variety of slow and fast timing within a scene adds
texture and interest to the movement.

19. 12 Basic Principles of
Animation
2. Secondary Action
o This action adds to and enriches the main action and adds
more dimension to the character animation, supplementing
and/or re-enforcing the main action.

20. 12 Basic Principles of
Animation
3. Follow Through and Overlapping Action
o When the main body of the character stops all other parts
continue to catch up to the main mass of the character, such as
arms, long hair, clothing, coat tails or a dress, floppy ears or a
long tail (these follow the path of action). Nothing stops all at
once

21. 12 Basic Principles of
Animation
4. Straight Ahead Action and Pose-To-Pose Action
o Straight ahead animation starts at the first drawing and
works drawing to drawing to the end of a scene. You can lose
size, volume, and proportions with this method, but it does
have spontaneity and freshness. Fast, wild action scenes are
done this way.

22. 12 Basic Principles of
Animation
4. Straight Ahead Action and Pose-To-Pose Action
o Pose to Pose is more planned out and charted with key
drawings done at intervals throughout the scene. Size,
volumes, and proportions are controlled better this way, as is
the action.

23. 12 Basic Principles of
Animation
5. Staging
o A pose or action should clearly communicate to the audience
the attitude, mood, reaction or idea of the character as it
relates to the story and continuity of the story line. The
effective use of long, medium, or close up shots, as well as
camera angles also helps in telling the story.

24. 12 Basic Principles of
Animation
6. Appeal
o A live performer has charisma. An animated character has
appeal. Appealing animation does not mean just being cute
and cuddly. All characters have to have appeal whether
they are heroic, bad ,comic or cute.
o Appeal, as you will use it, includes an easy to read design,
clear drawing, and personality development that will
capture and involve the audience’s interest.

25. 12 Basic Principles of
Animation
7. Solid Drawing
o The basic principles of drawing form, weight, volume solidity
and the illusion of three dimension apply to animation as it
does to academic drawing.
o Transform these into color and movement giving the
characters the illusion of three-and four-dimensional life.
Three dimensional is movement in space.

26. 12 Basic Principles of
Animation
8. Ease In and Out
o As action starts, we have more drawings near the starting
pose, one or two in the middle, and more drawings near the
next pose.
o Fewer drawings make the action faster and more drawings
make the action slower. Slow-ins and slow-outs soften the
action, making it more life-like

27. 12 Basic Principles of
Animation
9. Arcs
o All actions, with few exceptions (such as the animation of a
mechanical device), follow an arc or slightly circular path.
o This is especially true of the human figure and the action of
animals. Arcs give animation a more natural action and better
flow.

28. 12 Basic Principles of
Animation
10. Anticipation
o This movement prepares the audience for a major action the
character is about to perform, such as, starting to run, jump or
change expression.
o A dancer does not just leap off the floor. A backwards motion
occurs before the forward action is executed. The backward
motion is the anticipation.

29. 12 Basic Principles of
Animation
11. Squash and Stretch
o This action gives the illusion of weight and volume to a
character as it moves. Also squash and stretch is useful in
animating dialogue and doing facial expressions.

30. 12 Basic Principles of
Animation
12. Exaggeration
o Exaggeration is not extreme distortion of a drawing or
extremely broad, violent action all the time. It’s like a
caricature of facial features, expressions, poses, attitudes and
actions.
o Exaggeration in a walk or an eye movement or even a head
turn will give your animation more appeal.