Animation is the process of displaying a sequence of images to produce an illusion of movement. There are two main animation techniques - traditional and computer animation. Traditional animation requires manually drawing 20+ frames per second, while computer animation uses software. Some traditional techniques include key frames, cell animation, and page flipping. Computer animation can be 2D or 3D, with 2D being flat and 3D having depth. Common 3D animation techniques are tweening and frame-by-frame. Examples show how animation is used across industries like film, education, and advertising.

1. Animation

2. Introduction
• Multimedia technology has significant
contribution in our everyday lives.
• When speaking about multimedia
technology, we cannot avoid talking about
animation.
• Animation comes from the Latin word which
means 'turned on'.
• DBP defines animation as an act or process
of making something that looks alive.

3. Introduction (Cont.)
• animation is the process of moving on or give to
something that is static so it looks alive.
• Animation is the display sequence of sketches,
each is slightly different to produce a continuous
movement (Simon, 1995).
• Animation technology widely used in advertising,
archeology, architecture, chemistry, education,
engineering, film and entertainment, medical and
flight simulation.

4. Introduction (Cont.)
• Animation is caused by a biological phenomenon
known as 'Persistence of vision'.
• An object that is seen by the human eye to be
mapped onto the retina in a certain period of time
after it was observed.
• This allows the phenomenon, a series of images in
succession over a period of rapid and short time
seemed an illusion of life and move on its own.
• In other words, if we change the position or design
of an object in a fast, our eyes will assume the
change as a movement or animation.

5. Animation Techniques
• There are two types of animation
techniques:
1. Traditional animation.
2. Computer animation.

6. Traditional Animation
• This animation technique requires at least 20
frames for a second.
• Painted frames are manually hands drawn by the
animator.
• There are several techniques used to assist in the
production process of traditional animation,
namely:
• Key frames
• Cell animation
• Page flipping
•

7. Traditional Animation (Cont.)
1.0 Key Frames
• traditionally done by more than one artist.
• the key frames or the frame of reference is
required to distribute the workload to some
animation artist.
• Key frames or frame of reference to be completed
by the main graphic artist for animation production
process.
• This key frame will be the key or main reference
by other animator’s artist to draw subsequent
frames in-between that main frame.

8. Traditional Animation (Cont.)
2.0 Cell animation
• This technique is used to save time and expedite
the production of animation.
• each character or object to be moved will be
drawn on sheets of transparent.
• Image for the background is drawn on another
sheet of relatively opaque.
• When the animation is to be made, the various
characters or objects will be drawn on sheets of
transparent stack at the top of the sheet that
contains pictures above background.

9. Traditional Animation (Cont.)
• This method facilitates artist animator without
having to draw the background repeatedly.
• On the other hand, only need to draw certain parts
of the character to be moved only.

10. Traditional Animation (Cont.)
3.0 Page Flipping
• One technique that presents the image sequence
by switching to the desired position.
• The screen presents an image seems to move in
sequence.
• It is the most traditional and well known
techniques commonly used in the performance of
cell animation in film of yore.

11. Traditional Animation (Cont.)
4.0 Onion Skinning
• Used in the process of building an animation.
• It allows a person to see the previous cell’s outline
for facilitating them in drawing or produce image
changes in the next cell.

12. Computer Animation
• The animation techniques which are developed
and produced by using computer technology.
• This animation technique consist of simple
animation 2D and continue with 3D animation.
• Here are the terms used in computer animation:
• Tweening
• Frame-by-frame

13. Computer Animation (Cont.)
1.0 Tweening
• Is the process of forming objects between frames
or frame animation to show that the movement
was formed.
• Tweening also means an animator just need to
build the first cell and last cell of an animation.
• While the animation software will make
calculations or predictions to determine what will
happen between the first frame to the last frame.

14. Computer Animation (Cont.)
2.0 Frame-by-frame
• Frame-by-frame means that an animator need to
put the key frames in each frame.
• The movement animations are drawn in each
frame to produce a more dynamic movement.

15. Computer Animation Categories
• animation can be categorized into two, namely
two-dimensional animation (2D) and three-
dimensional (3D).
• 2D animation is also known as linear animation.
• It refers to a simple moving object across the
screen of a monitor.
• 3D animation refers to 3D animated objects that
usually are formed through modeling or
mathematical formulas.
• All objects can be displayed from various
perspectives, giving the illusion as if it were the

16. Difference between 2D and 3D Animation
2D Animation 3D Animation
Two dimension (x and y) Three dimension (x,y and
z)
It is flat It has depth
Can be illustrated by Can be illustrated by
drawing rectangle (2D drawing cube (3D figure)
figure)
Techniques involved Involved digital modeling
tweening, frame-by-frame, of characters
onion skinning and
morphing

17. 2D Animation

18. 3D Animation
Pixar: Geri’s Game Universal: Jurassic Park
Antz
A bug’s Life