3. Goals
• Understand why the Industrial Revolution, Darwinism, Marxism
and sociopolitical changes altered ideas about the nature and
subject matter of art in the later 19th century.
• Examine the meanings of “Modernism” and “Realism”
philosophically and in the appearance of art and architecture.
• Understand the formal and content issues of the Post-
Impressionists and Symbolists.
• Examine experiments in materials and form in art and
architecture at the turn of the century.
3
4. Post-Impressionism
• Understand the differences in emotional expression and
subject choices between the Impressionists and the Post-
Impressionists.
• Understand the Post-Impressionist experimentation with
form and color.
• Recognize the individuality of the Post-Impressionist artists
and the styles each one developed.
• Examine the extraordinary art of Cezanne and his interest in
form, paving the way for Cubism.
4
5. JAMES ABBOTT MCNEILL WHISTLER,
Nocturne in Black and Gold (The Falling Rocket),
ca. 1875. Oil on panel, 1‟ 11 5/8” x 1‟ 6 1/2”.
Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit
(gift of Dexter M. Ferry Jr.).
5
6. HENRI DE TOULOUSE-LAUTREC, At the Moulin Rouge, 1892–1895. Oil on canvas, 4‟ x 4‟ 7”. Art Institute of Chicago,
Chicago (Helen Birch Bartlett Memorial Collection). 6
7. GEORGES SEURAT, A Sunday on La Grande Jatte, 1884–1886. Oil on canvas, 6‟ 9” x 10‟. The Art Institute of Chicago,
Chicago (Helen Birch Bartlett Memorial Collection, 1926).
7
8. VINCENT VAN GOGH, Night Café, 1888. Oil on canvas, 2‟ 4 1/2” x 3‟. Yale University Art Gallery, New Haven. 8
9. VINCENT VAN GOGH, Starry Night, 1889. Oil on canvas, 2‟ 5” x 3‟ 1/4”. Museum of Modern Art, New York. 9
10. PAUL GAUGUIN, Vision after the Sermon or Jacob Wrestling with the Angel, 1888. Oil on canvas, 2‟ 4 3/4” x 3‟ 1/2”. National
Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh. 10
11. PAUL GAUGUIN, Where Do We Come From? What Are We? Where Are We Going? 1897. Oil on canvas, 4‟ 6 3/4” x 12‟ 3”.
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston (Tompkins Collection).
11
12. PAUL CÉZANNE, Mont Sainte-Victoire, 1902–1904. Oil on canvas, 2‟ 3 1/2” x 2‟ 11 1/4”. Philadelphia Museum of Art,
Philadelphia (The George W. Elkins Collection). 12
13. PAUL CÉZANNE, Basket of Apples, ca. 1895. Oil on canvas, 2‟ 3/8” x 2‟ 7”. The Art Institute of Chicago, Chicago. 13
14. Symbolism
• Examine the issues of imagination, fantasy, and formal
changes in the art of the Symbolists.
• Understand the expression of “modern psychic life” in the
art of the Symbolists.
14
15. PIERRE PUVIS DE CHAVANNES, Sacred Grove, 1884. Oil on canvas, 2‟ 11 1/2” x 6‟ 10”. The Art Institute of Chicago.
15
16. GUSTAVE MOREAU, Jupiter and Semele, ca. 1875.
Oil on canvas, 7‟ x 3‟ 4”. Musée Gustave Moreau, Paris.
16
17. ODILON REDON, The Cyclops, 1898.
Oil on canvas, 2‟ 1” x 1‟ 8”.
Kröller-Müller Museum, Otterlo.
17
18. HENRI ROUSSEAU, Sleeping Gypsy, 1897. Oil on canvas, 4‟ 3” x 6‟ 7”. Museum of Modern Art, New York.
18
19. EDVARD MUNCH, The Scream, 1893.
Tempura and pastels on cardboard,
2‟ 11 3/4” x 2‟ 5”. National Gallery, Oslo.
19
20. GUSTAV KLIMT, The Kiss, 1907–1908. Oil on canvas, 5‟ 10 3/4” x 5‟ 10 3/4”. Österreichische Galerie Belvedere,Vienna.
20
21. GERTRUDE KASEBIER, Blessed Art Thou among Women,
1899. Platinum print on Japanese tissue, 9 3/8” X 5 ½”.
Museum of Modern Art, New York.
21
22. Sculpture in the Later 19th Century
• Examine the issues of realism and expression related to
sculpture in the later 19th century.
• Understand the selection of contemporary subject matter
by sculptors.
• Recognize representative sculptors and works of the later
19th century.
22
23. Sculpture: Realist and Expressive
• Examine issues of realism, expression and subject matter in
sculpture of the later 19th century.
23
24. AUGUSTUS SAINT-GAUDENS, Adams Memorial,
Rock Creek Cemetery, Washington, 1891. Bronze, 5‟ 10” high.
Smithsonian American Art Museum,Washington, D.C.
24
28. Decorative Art: Arts and Crafts
Movement and Art Nouveau
• Examine the ideas of Ruskin and Morris in shaping the Arts
and Crafts Movement.
• Understand the interest in aesthetic functional objects in the
Arts and Crafts Movement.
• Examine the preference for high-quality artisanship and
honest labor.
• Examine the organic forms of Art Nouveau in art and
architecture.
28
29. Objects and Décor
of the Arts & Crafts
• Understand the interest in aesthetic functional objects and
the preference for high-quality artisanship and honest labor.
29
30. WILLIAM MORRIS, Green Dining Room, South Kensington Museum (now Victoria & Albert Museum),
London, England, 1867. 30
31. CHARLES RENNIE MACKINTOSH and MARGARET MACDONALD MACKINTOSH, reconstruction (1992–1995)
of Ladies‟ Luncheon Room, Ingram Street Tea Room, Glasgow, Scotland, 1900–1912. Glasgow Museum, Glasgow. 31
32. Art Nouveau Art and Architecture
• Examine the organic natural forms in Art Nouveau art
and architecture.
32
36. Architecture
in the Later 19th Century
• Understand the new technology and changing needs of
urban society and their effects on architecture.
• Examine new materials use in architecture and the forms
made possible as a result.
• Understand how architects were able to think differently
about space as a result of new technology and materials.
• Examine the remarkable work and theories of Louis Sullivan.
36
37. New Technology and Materials
• Understand new technology, changing needs of urban
society, and new materials in architecture.
37
43. Discussion Questions
In what ways did the Modernist art of the later 19th century
break from the past?
How did Modernist artists call attention to the „facts‟ of art
making?
What are some key elements of the Post-Impressionist
painters? How did their work inspire other artists?
What would you consider the most important
breakthrough in architecture?
43
