The document summarizes key architectural movements between the 19th-20th centuries, including Neoclassical Architecture following the French Revolution, the Arts and Crafts Movement as a reaction to industrialization, Art Nouveau as a revolt against tradition, and Indo-Saracenic Architecture used by the British in colonial India. It provides examples like the Altes Museum, Red House, Hotel Van Eetvelde, and Rashtrapati Bhavan to illustrate characteristics of each movement.

1. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
History of Architecture-II (AP-313)
Review 1
LECTURE 4
Nipesh P Narayanan

2. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
REVIEW 1
• Neoclassical Architecture (Early 19th Century)
– French Revolution and the age of enlightenment
• Arts and Crafts Movement (Late 19th Century)
– Industrial revolution and mass production
• Art Nouveau (Late 19th Century)
– New Art, against the traditional
• Indo Saracenic Architecture (Late 19th Century till Early 20th Century)
– Architecture for the Empire

3. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
FRENCH REVOLUTION (1750 –1840)
"Liberty leading the People" by Eugène Delacroix, 1830
ImageSourcehttphttp://www.rjgeib.com/thoughts/french/liberty.jpg[ONLINE]

4. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
FRENCH REVOLUTION (1750 –1840) - RADICAL SOCIAL UPHEAVAL
IMMANUEL KANT
“Enlightenment is man's emergence from
his self-incurred immaturity.
Immaturity is the inability to use one's
own understanding without the guidance
of another. …The motto of enlightenment
is therefore: Sapere aude! Have courage
to use your own understanding!”
ImageSource:http://www.constitution.org/img/jean_jacques_rousseau.jpg
&http://www.marxists.org/glossary/people/k/pics/kant.jpg[ONLINE]
JEAN JACQUES ROUSSEAU
“….the arts, literature and the sciences,
less despotic though perhaps more
powerful, fling garlands of
flowers over the chains which weigh them
down. They stifle in men’s breasts that
sense of original liberty, for which they
seem to have been born; cause them to
love their own slavery, and so make of
them what is called a civilised people.”

5. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
NEO CLASSICISM REVIVAL OF THE CLASSICAL
Plato & Classic Ideas
“Ideal Form”
Archaeology
Johann Joachim Winckelmann
Excavation of Pompeii &
Herculaneum
18th Century France and the age of enlightenment
Jacque Louis David
Immanuel Kant
Jean-Jacques Rousseau

6. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
FRENCH REVOLUTION (1750 –1840) - ARCHITECTURE OF REASON
“ The person who guided solely by reason can accept a God as creator, but
not as a guide. From now on architecture no longer served religion and
even less so the feudal ruler. It was believed that the built environment
could be used to have a positive influence on the spirit of the people, and
inspire them to behave in a manner based on reason and morality”
~ The Story of Architecture, From Antiquity to the Present
“ Honest Architecture”
~ Abbot Laugier, Essai sur l'Architecture, 1753

7. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
WHAT IS HONEST ARCHITECTURE?

8. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
WHAT IS HONEST ARCHITECTURE?
“ Honest Architecture”
~ Abbot Laugier, Essai sur l'Architecture,
1753
Faults
E.g. - Use of Pilaster
- Incorrect proportions
ImageSource:http://covers.openlibrary.org/b/id/6789435-M.jpg[ONLINE]

9. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
KARL FRIEDRICH SCHINKEL ALTES MUSEUM
ImageSource:http://www.greatbuildings.com/gbc/images/cid_1123537651_00338v.jpg[ONLINE]
Berlin, Germany , 1830

10. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
KARL FRIEDRICH SCHINKEL ALTES MUSEUM
ImageSource:http://www.greatbuildings.com/gbc/images/cid_altes_rh_002.jpg[ONLINE]
Berlin, Germany , 1830

11. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
KARL FRIEDRICH SCHINKEL ALTES MUSEUM
ImageSource:http://data.greatbuildings.com/gbc/drawings/Altes_Plan_2.jpg[ONLINE]
Berlin, Germany , 1830

12. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
KARL FRIEDRICH SCHINKEL ALTES MUSEUM
ImageSource:http://data.greatbuildings.com/gbc/drawings/Altes_Section_A.jpg[ONLINE]
Berlin, Germany , 1830

13. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
KARL FRIEDRICH SCHINKEL ALTES MUSEUM
ImageSource:http://www.greatbuildings.com/cgi-bin/gbi.cgi/Altes_Museum.html/cid_altes_jag_001.html[ONLINE]
Berlin, Germany , 1830

14. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
PRINCIPLES OF ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT
HONESTY
Design Unity
Joy in Labour
Individualism
Regionalism

15. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
PHILIP WEBB RED HOUSE
William Morris, Kent, England (1859)
ImageSource:http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/The_Red_House%2C_Bexleyheath.JPG[ONLINE]

16. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
PHILIP WEBB RED HOUSE
William Morris, Kent, England (1859)
ImageSource:http://www.greatbuildings.com/cgi-bin/gbc-drawing.cgi/The_Red_House.html/Red_House_Plan_2.jpg
[ONLINE]

17. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
PHILIP WEBB RED HOUSE
William Morris, Kent, England (1859)
ImageSource:http://khan.smarthistory.org/assets/images/Images2/Red%20House%20plan.JPG[ONLINE]

18. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
PHILIP WEBB RED HOUSE
"The Arts and Crafts, together with the English Free Style of architecture, has
its origins in this joint work by Morris and Webb which took the format of
William Butterfield's Gothic Revival vicarage and used its general character as
the point of departure for the short-lived but influential Pre-Raphaelite
domestic style...For Webb,...the Red House was merely the first of a series of
houses in which he endeavoured to engender an authentic ahistorical style,
through the direct expression of local materials and
craftsmanship. Webb adopted the Gothic Revival syntax of Pugin
and Butterfield, that is, clay tiling, corbelled brick work, rubbed
brick arches and circular openings, as a way of articulating an
open-ended form of vernacular expression.“
— Kenneth Frampton and Yukio Futagawa. Modern Architecture 1851-1945.
p22

19. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
PHILIP WEBB RED HOUSE
William Morris, Kent, England (1859)
ImageSource:http://khan.smarthistory.org/assets/images/Images2/RedHouseBackbySCadman.jpg[ONLINE]

20. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
PHILIP WEBB RED HOUSE
William Morris, Kent, England (1859)
ImageSource:http://www.victorianweb.org/art/architecture/webb/6.jpg[ONLINE]

21. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
PHILIP WEBB RED HOUSE
William Morris, Kent, England (1859)
ImageSource:http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-LVkv3ehCWXQ/TcGXt9djGQI/AAAAAAAAFZA/U8rD6u_qcCo/s1600/7.jpg[ONLINE]

22. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
ART NOUVEAU DIFFERENT FROM ARTS AND CRAFTS MOVEMENT?
Use of New Materials
Protest against the traditional
“William Morris was the theoretician whose beliefs more than
those of anyone else initiated the Art Nouveau movement”

23. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
VICTOR HORTA HOTEL VAN EETVELDE
ImageSource:http://www.wasaweb.net/photographs/Brussels-Hotel-van-Eetvelde-1.jpg[ONLINE]
Brussels, Belgium (1895)

24. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
ImageSource:http://www.greatbuildings.com/cgi-bin/gbc-drawing.cgi/Hotel_van_Eetvelde.html/van_Eetvelde_1st_Plan.jpg
[ONLINE]
Brussels, Belgium (1895)
VICTOR HORTA HOTEL VAN EETVELDE

25. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
ImageSource:http://www.greatbuildings.com/cgi-bin/gbc-drawing.cgi/Hotel_van_Eetvelde.html/van_Eetvelde_Section.jpg
[ONLINE]
Brussels, Belgium (1895)
VICTOR HORTA HOTEL VAN EETVELDE

26. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
ImageSource:http://blog.best-bookings.com/en/files/2013/02/Bruxelles_Victor_Horta_copertina.jpg[ONLINE]
Brussels, Belgium (1895)
VICTOR HORTA HOTEL VAN EETVELDE

27. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
COLONIAL ARCHITECTURE BRITISH IN INDIA
ImageSource:http://www.wayfarersbookshop.com/catalogues/catalogue9-8.jpg[ONLINE]

28. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
THE QUESTION OF STYLE
“We ought, like the Romans and the Mohammedans, to take our
national style with us….we shall be likely to succeed best if we
are not too anxious to incorporate much of the art or style of the
country with our own”
~ Roger Smith
Emerson pointed out that, on contrary, Islamic architecture in
India is notable for its degree of adaptation to local conditions.
That was the procedure which he urged the British to Follow.

29. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
EDWIN LUTYENS, RASHTRAPATI BHAVAN
ImageSource:http://3.bp.blogspot.com/_MOoxUPoilo4/SyjSDrdqMnI/AAAAAAAAAKw/sl1MF3U-VIs/s400/rashtrapati-
bhavan-india-picture-photo.jpg[ONLINE]
New Delhi, 1912-29

30. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
EDWIN LUTYENS, RASHTRAPATI BHAVAN
ImageSource:http://static.indianexpress.com/m-
images/Mon%20Apr%2015%202013,%2002:12%20hrs/M_Id_376247_FP.jpg[ONLINE]
New Delhi, 1912-29

31. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
EDWIN LUTYENS, RASHTRAPATI BHAVAN
ImageSource:http://www.cs.jhu.edu/~bagchi/delhi/pics/95.jpg[ONLINE]
New Delhi, 1912-29

32. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
EDWIN LUTYENS, RASHTRAPATI BHAVAN
ImageSource:http://yourbudgethotel.com/images/bhawan.jpg[ONLINE]
New Delhi, 1912-29

33. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
EDWIN LUTYENS, RASHTRAPATI BHAVAN
ImageSource:http://media.tripplan.com/images/2013/03/28/rashtrapati-bhavan-1-l.jpg[ONLINE]
New Delhi, 1912-29

34. History of Architecture - II (AP-313) – Review 1
REVIEW 1
• Neoclassical Architecture (Early 19th Century)
– Ideology to Architecture
• Arts and Crafts Movement (Late 19th Century)
– Architecture as a reaction
• Art Nouveau (Late 19th Century)
– Architecture as a revolt
• Indo Saracenic Architecture (Late 19th Century till Early 20th Century)
– Architecture as suppression tool