This document discusses population growth in India and its impact on economic development. It provides background on Trinity Institute of Professional Studies and covers topics like population trends in India from 1901 to 2011, causes of high birth and low death rates, how population affects factors like food production and unemployment, key demographic data on life expectancy, density, and rural/urban distribution. It also summarizes India's national population policies from 1951 to 2000 that aimed to lower birth rates and encourage family planning through education and incentives.

1. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Affiliated Institution of G.G.S.IP.U, Delhi
B.Com (H) Indian Economy
888301
Population and Economic Development
By Dr Vandana Malviya…

2. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Population

3. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Population growth and its Effect on Economic
Development!!!

4. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Population and Developed Countries
• Growing population positively affects
economic development:
– Increased labor force for increased production;
– Enhance demand for good and expands size of
market;
– Encourages capital formation

5. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Population growth and
Underdeveloped countries- 2 lines of
thought
• Population growth as boon to economic
development:

6. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Population growth an obstacle to
economic development

7. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Relation between population growth
and other economic factors
• Population growth and production;
• Population growth and agricultural development;
• Population growth and labor force;
• Population growth and employment;
• Population growth and capital formation;
• Population growth and balance of payments;
• Population growth and vicious circle of poverty;
• Population growth and balanced growth

8. Why a growing population?
• India
• Lack of Migration
• Superstitious
• Lack of Education
• Desire for Male children
• Fertility rate declining
– Younger women having
children

9. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Population growth in India
Census year Population ( in million)
1901 238.3
1911 252.0
1921 251.2
1931 278.8
1941 318.7
1951 360.9
1961 439.2
1971 548.1
1981 683.3
1991 846.4
2001 1028.7
2011 1210.1

10. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Causes of High Birth Rate
• Economic Factors:
• Mass poverty;
• Predominance agriculture;
• Majority of rural population living in joint
families;
• Gradually rising per capita income of high
income group;

11. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Causes of High Birth Rate
• Social Factors:
• Universality of marriage;
• Low age of marriage;
• Liking for male child;
• Religious beliefs;
• Illiteracy and ignorance;
• Low status of women in society;
• Prevalence of joint family system.

12. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Reasons for low death rate
• Improved medical facilities;
• Effects of economic development;
• Control of famines and epidemics;
• Maternity hospitals and child care centers;
• Spread of facilities for female education.

13. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Population growth’s effect on India’s
economic development
• Population and national income:
• Population and food problem:
• Population and burden of unproductive
population on productive population:
• Population and unemployment;
• Population and capital formation;
• Population and increasing social and economic
responsibility

14. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Chief demographic features in India
• Life expectancy:
– It has risen in last few decades;
– In 1951 it was 45 years;
– In 1981-91 it was 58.2 years;
– In 2012-13 it was 64.6 years for males and 67.7
years for females.

15. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Chief demographic features in India
• Density of population:
– It measures the number of persons living over an
area of 1 km radius;
– In 1951 it was 117 persons;
– In 2014 it rose to 382 persons.

16. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Chief demographic features in India
• Infant mortality rate:
– It measures children who die before 5 years;
– In a report by US based organization Save the
Children more newborns die on the first day in
India;
– Every year over 3,09,300 children do not live
beyond 1st day in India.
– In 1951 it was 250 per thousand
– In 2014 it was 44 per thousand in 2011

17. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Chief demographic features in India
• Composition of population:
– It refers to the distribution of population in
different age groups;
– (0-14) years, (14 to 60) years and above 60 years;
– At present age composition of India is young;
– 37% of population below 15 years in India.

18. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Chief demographic features in India
• Male-Female ratio:
– Male population is more than females;
– In 1901 female to male ration was 962:1000;
– In 2011 female to male ration was 928:1000.

19. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Chief demographic features in India
• Rural-urban population:
– Gandhi ji said “true India resides in villages”.
– In 1951 urban population was only 17% of total
population;
– In 2011 urban population rose to 22% because of
migration from rural to urban.

20. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Population policy
• People in rural and urban to be educated to
adopt family planning techniques;
• Married couples need to be informed about
benefits of small families;
• After independence the main focus of
government has been on :
– Lowering the birth rate;
– Reducing infant mortality rate;
– Improving the quality of life

21. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
• During 1951-74 about 307.15 crore rupee was
spent on family planning programs;
• In June 1975 to March 1977, all sorts of
coercive measures were practiced to
propagate family planning.

22. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
In 1977 government announced New
National Policy
• Public should be educated, persuaded and
induced to adopt and practice various birth
control measures;
• No coercion should be practiced in
propagation of family planning;
• Education system to be formulated in such a
manner that would create awareness among
people on the importance of family planning;

23. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
In 1977 government announced New
National Policy
• Print media to be used for spreading message
of family planning to remotest areas of he
country;
• Registration of marriage to be mandatory;
• People opting for tubectomy to be
compensated monetarily;
• Some tax concessions were announced on the
expenditure incurred by business houses on
propagation of birth control measures.

24. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
National Policy on Population (2000)
• The objectives of the policy to be achieved by
2010. It is divided in 3 objectives.
• Short term objective: it aimed at looking after
the needs of contraception and infrastructure
with regard to health care;
• Medium term objective: one child per couple;
• Long term objective: it aimed at achieving a
stable population during next 40 years

25. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Socio-demographic goals of NPP to be
achieved by 2010.
• Attend the unmet needs relating to child
health care services;
• Provide free education to children below 14
years of age;
• Complete immunization of children;
• Marriage of girls to be raised to 20 years and
none should get married before 16 years;
• 100% deliveries to be performed by
professionally trained staff.

26. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Socio-demographic goals of NPP to be
achieved by 2010.
• Registration of marriage, pregnancy, birth and
death;
• Check and prevent spread of AIDS;
• Provide counseling regarding contraceptive
services;
• Popularize small family norms.

27. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
• BR and DR has declined in last 13 years;
• In 2015 projected Maternal Mortality Ratio
(MMR) is 149;
• In 2017 projected Maternal Mortality Ratio
(MMR) is 127;
• India projected Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is
38 in 2015;
• India projected Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is
34 in 2017;