community health nursing, public heath, nursing, contraception, contraceptive methods, family planning, india

1. Unit -07
POPULATION & ITS
CONTROL
By. Kailash Nagar
Asst. Professor
Dept. Community
Health

3. Kolkata, India

4. India, with 1,220,200,000 (1.22 billion) people is the
second most populous country in the world, while China
is on the top with over 1,350,044,605 (1.35 billion)
people. .

5. India has a huge population. It contribution to
1/5th of the world population. It is the 2nd most
populated country in the world next to China.
India’s population is growing at an alarming rate.
It was 340 million in 1947. and it took just 34
year to double in 1981 to reach 680 million.
If this trend continues, India may over take China
in 2045 and will become most populated country
in the world.

6. The current population is 1.35 billion (In
2018). It is also one of India’s biggest
problems – burdening and straining the
nation’s resources.
India is poised to overtake China as the
world’s most populated nation in the
next few decades.
India adds one Australia every year.

7.  Population
A Population is a summation of all the organisms of
the same group or species, which live in the
same geographical area, and have the capability of
interbreeding.
 Human population control
Human population control is the practice of
artificially altering the rate of growth of a human
population.

8. Current Population of India in 2012 1,220,200,000 (1.22 billion)
Total Male Population in India 628,800,000 (628.8 million)
Total Female Population in India 591,400,000 (591.4 million)
Sex Ratio 940 females per 1,000 males
Age structure0 to 25 years 50% of India's current
population
India's Population in 2011 1.21 billion
India's Population in 2001 1.02 billion
Population of India in 1947 350 million

9. 51 children are born in every 1
minute.....
Demonstration
51 = 51

10. S e x R a t i o
Census year Sex ratio
(Females
per 1000
males)
1951 946
1961 941
1971 930
1981 934
1991 929
2001 933
2011 940

11. 1.27
1.34
1.28
1.27
1.26
1.25
1.24
1.23
1.22
1.21
1.2
1.19
1.18
2011
INDIA (billions)
1.21
2014
1.35
2018

12. 655.8
614.4
INDIA (in million)
Total male population
Total female population

13.  Sex Ratio-940 females per 1,000 males
 Currently, there are about 51 births in India
in a minute.

14. 19%
18%
4.43%
3.50% 2.83%
20%
18%
16%
14%
12%
10%
8%
6%
4%
2%
0%
% OF WORLD POPULATION
% OF WORLD
POPULATION

15. EARLY MARRAIGE:

16. STANDARD OF LIVING:

17. LOW EDUCATION STATUS

18. TRADITION AND CULTURE

19. IGNORANCE AND FAMILY
PLANNING

20. LACK OF RECREATIONAL FACILITIES

21. Factors Leading To Population Explosion
1. Increased birth rate
2. Decreased death rate
3. No proper family planning
4. Reduced infant mortality
5. Cultural influences
6. Migration
7. Hot climate
8. Child marriage

22. Factors Leading To Population Explosion
9. Polygamy Marriage
10. Joint family system
11. Lack of recreation
12. Poverty
13. High IMR
14. Lack of social security
15. Religious Superstitions
16. Marriage being essential

23. Factors Leading To Population Explosion
17. Lack of education/ want of son
18. Dependency of Women
19. Fatalistic attitude (Believe in destiny)
20. Erotic Literature
21. Bad culture of television

24. Reason for failure To Control Population Explosion
1. Lack of political commitment.
2. Lack of decision making among Female
3. Joint family system
4. Poverty
5. Lack of quality health services.
6. Lack of education and information
7. Lack of awareness among peoples
8. Lack of family welfare services
9. Lack of appropriate technology
10. Lack of women empowerment

25. 1. Pollution
2. Deforestation
3. Freshwater
Availability
4. Natural Resources
5. Socio-economic
6. Health
7. Environmental

26. Impact of population explosion
1. Impact on Individual:-
 Malnutrition
 Cloth and housing
 Literacy and education
 Health and services
 Impact on health of mother
 Impact on father
 Job

27. Impact of population explosion
2. Impact on Society:-
 Dearth of employment opportunity
 Increase in psychological problems(Abuse, drug,
Suicide, Violence, Robbery, murder)
 Poverty
 STDs and AIDS
 Urbanization
 Family problems( divorce, separation, poverty)
 Health care services

28. Impact of population explosion
3. Impact on Country
 Agriculture and economy
 Environmental pollution
 Depletion of natural resources
 Deforestation

29.  To obtain an accurate picture of the
factors which contribute to a rapid
increase of population;
 To gain a full understanding of
human fertility and the means of
regulating it;
 To device speedy ways of education
of the public.

30.  To make family planning counseling an
integral part of the services in hospitals and
health centers.
 Less overcrowding especially in the major
coastal cities.

31. The factors which promote fertility
include :
 Age of marriage
 Duration of married life
 Socio-cultural aspects
 Place of woman in society
 The education
 Economic status

32.  Social policies pertain to age at marriage, education,
economic developments, and gender sensitivity for
woman status, participation of woman in labor
force.
Child marriage restraint Act of 1978: to increase the
legal age for marriage for girls from 15-18 years and
for boys 18-21 years .
Compulsory elementary education for all.

33. Temporary sterilization
 *Barrier methods
A) Physical methods
B) Chemical methods
C) Combined methods
 *Intra-uterine methods
 *Hormonal methods
 *Post-conception methods
 *Miscellaneous
 These methods are reversible
methods.

34.  *Male sterilization-male sterilization is also
called vasectomy.
The vasectomy-is customary to remove a piece
of vas deferens.
 *Female sterilization-female sterilization is
known as tubectomy .
In this procedure ligation of fallopian tube.

35.  The compulsory sterilization after two child norm
made by Indira Gandhi in early 1970s.She give a
slogan ”Hum Do Ham are Do”. Facilities offered
by government to its employees are limited to two
children only.
 Only those with two or fewer children are eligible
for election to a Gram panchayat, or local
government.

36.  India is first country which adopted an official
family planning in first five year plan 1950.
 Small family norms and the practices of family
planning.
 This was advocate in 1980 and targeted to be
achieved by the year 2000 AD.

37.  Basic human rights- Teheran in 1968
 Rise in Per-capita income
 Urbanization and Industrialization
 Late marriage
 Lowering Infant Mortality Rate
 Spread of Education
 Woman education and employment
 Incentives and publicity
 Legislation

38.  National population Policy-
2000
 National Family welfare
programme- 1951
 Postpartum Programme-
1969
 National population
commission-2005

39. In April 1976 India formed National population policy.In
this policy:
 Increasing legal minimum age of marriage from 15-18
for females and 18-21 years for males.
 The statement of policy was modify in 1977- the
importance of the small family norm without
compulsion.
 The national health policy had set a demographic goal
of achieving a Net Reproductive rate by the year 2000.
 New National population policy 2000 is a more than
matter of fertility and mortality rates.

40.  To bring the TFR to replacement level of 2010 and
now 2017.
Total fertility rate: 2.51 children born/woman
(2014)
 Address the unmet needs for basic reproductive
and child health services, supplies and
infrastructure.
 Make school education up to 14 years free and
compulsory.

41.  Reduce the infant mortality rate to below 30 per
1000 live birth
Infant mortality rate:
Total: 43.19 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 41.9 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 44.63 deaths/1,000 live births (2014)
 Achieve universal immunization of children.

42.  Reduce maternal mortality rate to below 100/10000 live
birth.
In 2010- 220
In 2013- 190
 Promote delayed marriage age for girls, after 20.
 Achieve 80% institutional deliveries and 100%
deliveries by trained persons.
 Achieve 100% registration of births, deaths,
marriage and pregnancy.
 Prevent and control communicable diseases.
 Promote small family norms.

43.  India launched the National Family Welfare
Programme in 1951 with the objective of
"reducing the birth rate to the extent
necessary to stabilize the population at a level
consistent with the requirement of the
National economy.”

44. The approach under the programme during the
First and Second Five Year Plans was mainly
 "Clinical" under which facilities for provision of
services were created
 It was replaced by "Extension and Education
Approach" which envisaged expansion of
services
 Facilities along with spread of message of small
family norm.

45.  It was proposed to reduce birth rate from 35/1000 to
32/1000 by the end of plan.
 16.5 million Couples, constituting about 16.5% of
the couples in the reproductive age group, were
protected against conception by the end of IVth
Plan.

46.  To bring down the birth rate to 30/1000 by 1979.
 Increasing integration of family planning
services.
 Maternal and Child Health (MCH) and their
Nutrition.
 The years 1975-76 and 1976-77 recorded a
phenomenal increase in performance of
sterilization.
 The name of the programme also was changed
to “Family Welfare from Family Planning”.

47.  Certain long-term demographic goals of reaching
net reproduction rate of unity were envisaged.
VII five year plan (1985-90):
 Emphasis on promoting spacing methods,
 securing maximum community participation
 Promoting maternal and child health care.

48.  The approach adopted during the Seventh
Five Year Plan was continued during 1990-92
for effective community participation,
Mahila Swasthya Sangh (MSS) at village
level was constituted in 1990-91.

49.  Several new initiatives were introduced and ongoing
schemes were revamped in this plan.
 Realizing that Government efforts alone in
propagating and motivating the people for
adaptation of small family norm would not be
sufficient, greater stress has been laid on the
involvement of NGOs to supplement and
complement the Government efforts.

50. OBJECTIVES :
Reduction in the population growth rate
The strategies are:
 To assess the needs for reproductive and child high
quality.
 Integrated reproductive and child health care
reducing the infant and maternal morbidity and
mortality resulting in a reduction in the desired level
of fertility.

51. Director of Family Welfare is responsible
for planning, co-coordinating, monitoring,
supervising and evaluating activities with
other agencies of Delhi Govt. including NGO’s
in the primary health care activities.

52.  To facilitate provision of antenatal and natal
services to pregnant women.
 To facilitate implementation of Post partum
program.
 To facilitate provision of family planning services .
 Implementation of UIP (Universal Immunization
Program).
 Surveillance of VPD (Vaccine Preventable
Diseases) Services.

53.  Implementation of Pulse Polio Program.
 Implementation of PC & PNDT (Pre conception &
Pre Natal Diagnostic Techniques Act 1994
Prevention of Sex Selection) and MTP (Medical
Termination of Pregnancy)Act.
 Co-ordination and execution of IEC (Information
Education and Commission)activities through Mass
Education Media.
 Procurement of State Specific vaccines .

54.  To monitor performance and quality of family
welfare activities by NGO’s
 Facilitate provision of Adolescent Health
Services in the state of Delhi.
 RCH trainings by the H&FW Training Centre
to update knowledge & skills.

55.  Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR): Existing 104 per lakh
live births (CRS 2012, to be less than 100 by 2015 & less
than 75 by 2017).
 Total Fertility Rate (TFR): Existing 1.8 (CRS 2011,
TFR corresponding to replacement level of population
being 2.1).
 Sex Ratio at birth which was 809 (CRS 2001) and is 886
(CRS 2012) is planned to be brought up to 925 by 2015,
935 by 2017 and 954 by 2020.

56. The National Family Welfare Programme
provides the following contraceptive services
for spacing births:
a) Condoms
b) Oral Contraceptive Pill
c) Intra Uterine Devices (IUD)

57.  Family welfare service is voluntary.
 Family welfare programme will provide
comprehensive maternal and child health services
and also family planning service.
 For creating awareness ,information, Education and
communication will be used effectively.
 Popular and easily available family planning services
will be provided free of cost.

58.  An All India hospital Postpartum
Programme was introduced in
1969.
 It is a hospital –based, maternity
centered approach to family planning.

59.  The postpartum period is commonly
understood as the first six weeks or 40 days
(depending on the culture) after the birth of
a child, when the woman’s uterus has largely
returned to its pre-pregnancy state.

60.  Benefits to women, children, and health systems.
 Women need information and services, including a
range of family planning methods,
throughout the maternal cycle, including the
postpartum period.
 Postpartum family planning can be integrated into
other programs, including programs to prevent
and manage HIV.

61.  To improve the mother and children through
MCH and family Welfare programme which
includes antenatal, neonatal and postnatal
services.
 Immunization services to children and
mothers and prophylaxis against anaemia
and blindness.

62. In 1952, India was the first country in
the world to launch a national programme,
emphasizing family planning to the extent
necessary for reducing birth rates
To establish co-ordination between centre and
states for population control.

63.  The commission will review the
implementation of national population policy
and will give directions in addition to establish
better co-ordination between different
programmes like demographic, educational
developmental and environmental protection.
 The commission will also help to form an
extensive population movement for population
control.

64.  Chief ministers of all the states /union
territories.
 Union ministers of concerned departments.
 Famous demographic specialists
 Public health workers
 Non-governmental organization.

65.  Identify people who desire to have children
and those who don’t.
 Listening, understanding, counselling and
making appropriate referrals for fertility control.
 Providing & interpreting family planning
information, and to tap community resources
for health workers and community.
 Planning, participating and evaluating family
welfare services and organising camps.

66.  Supervising and guiding the other female
paramedical personnel such as H.V.,ANM’s
etc;
 Initiating and contributing towards research.
 Planning, conducting, evaluating with MO
in community health centre level training for
other paramedical staff including, Dias.

67.  Population is now a days crippling humanity and
India is leading second largest populated
country ,hence we all need to wake up and
implement the solution intend to halt crisis.
 Population control programme is a hope to
render comfortable space as per human density.
 To improve the country growth and make the
happy and wealthy country.