Azure was announced in October 2008 and released on 1 February 2010 as Windows Azure, before being renamed to Microsoft Azure on 25 March 2014. Along with Amazon Web Services Azure is considered a leader in the IAAS field.
Microsoft Azure is an open and flexible cloud platform that enables you to quickly build, deploy, and manage applications across a global network of Microsoft-managed datacenters. You can build applications using any language, tool, or framework. And you can integrate your public cloud applications with your existing IT environment.
This definition tells us that Microsoft Azure is a cloud platform, which means you can use it for running your business applications, services, and workloads in the cloud. But it also includes some key words that tell us even more:
Open Microsoft Azure provides a set of cloud services that allow you to build and deploy cloud-based applications using almost any programming language, framework, or tool.
Flexible Microsoft Azure provides a wide range of cloud services that can let you do everything from hosting your company’s website to running big SQL databases in the cloud. It also includes different features that can help deliver high performance and low latency for cloud-based applications.
Microsoft-managed Microsoft Azure services are currently hosted in several datacenters spread across the United States, Europe, and Asia. These datacenters are managed by Microsoft and provide expert global support on a 24x7x365 basis.
Compatible Cloud applications running on Microsoft Azure can easily be integrated with on-premises IT environments that utilize the Microsoft Windows Server platform.
It provides both PAAS and IAAS services and supports many different programming languages, tools and frameworks, including both Microsoft-specific and third-party software and systems.
With today’s evolving technological landscape, chances are you’ve heard of the term “cloud.” You may have even wondered why anyone would be talking about the weather along with computing infrastructures and data centers. Although the popularity of the cloud has gradually risen, there are many people who still don’t know exactly what it is.
The cloud is the general term for cloud computing, which refers to the use of the Internet to access hosted services or your own applications, storage, servers, and data that are hosted in a remote location. Saving your files to the cloud allows you to access them from anywhere at any time, as long as you have an Internet connection. You have probably been using cloud services or resources for a while without even knowing it. The most common cloud services include Gmail, Dropbox, Google Docs, and even Twitter.
Cloud computing is continuing to gain momentum among businesses and consumers alike. It offers consumers a more convenient way to store and share their files as well as access their data at any time, from anywhere. Businesses are virtualizing corporate desktops in the cloud and have considerably reduced the costs of maintaining their physical IT infrastructures in the process. Cloud services allow for more flexible working practices as well as greater mobility. Accessing your data on any device is safe and secure, and actually gives companies a better way to manage and secure data.
Cloud computing focuses on shared resources within the infrastructure. This means that customers share physical resources while maintaining security by reinforcing their “piece of the pie” with firewalls and virtual security. By focusing on this shared resource methodology, cloud companies can offer incredibly cost-effective rates compared to traditional computing due to the positive economies of scale. The more tenants that occupy a cloud, the more cost effective a solution becomes. The best Cloud providers use this method to offer solutions for a fraction of what they would cost should an organization attempt to do them in-house.
The cloud is quickly becoming commonplace in the world of technology. Its accessibility and convenience are undeniable, and more often than not, businesses and service providers have considered implementing or currently utilize cloud computing.
This presentation is an imagination of window 11 if in future window 11 is introduced by microsoft then what type of functionality or feature they possess. This show lot of important features grabs which we want in next generation of window.
Azure was announced in October 2008 and released on 1 February 2010 as Windows Azure, before being renamed to Microsoft Azure on 25 March 2014. Along with Amazon Web Services Azure is considered a leader in the IAAS field.
Microsoft Azure is an open and flexible cloud platform that enables you to quickly build, deploy, and manage applications across a global network of Microsoft-managed datacenters. You can build applications using any language, tool, or framework. And you can integrate your public cloud applications with your existing IT environment.
This definition tells us that Microsoft Azure is a cloud platform, which means you can use it for running your business applications, services, and workloads in the cloud. But it also includes some key words that tell us even more:
Open Microsoft Azure provides a set of cloud services that allow you to build and deploy cloud-based applications using almost any programming language, framework, or tool.
Flexible Microsoft Azure provides a wide range of cloud services that can let you do everything from hosting your company’s website to running big SQL databases in the cloud. It also includes different features that can help deliver high performance and low latency for cloud-based applications.
Microsoft-managed Microsoft Azure services are currently hosted in several datacenters spread across the United States, Europe, and Asia. These datacenters are managed by Microsoft and provide expert global support on a 24x7x365 basis.
Compatible Cloud applications running on Microsoft Azure can easily be integrated with on-premises IT environments that utilize the Microsoft Windows Server platform.
It provides both PAAS and IAAS services and supports many different programming languages, tools and frameworks, including both Microsoft-specific and third-party software and systems.
With today’s evolving technological landscape, chances are you’ve heard of the term “cloud.” You may have even wondered why anyone would be talking about the weather along with computing infrastructures and data centers. Although the popularity of the cloud has gradually risen, there are many people who still don’t know exactly what it is.
The cloud is the general term for cloud computing, which refers to the use of the Internet to access hosted services or your own applications, storage, servers, and data that are hosted in a remote location. Saving your files to the cloud allows you to access them from anywhere at any time, as long as you have an Internet connection. You have probably been using cloud services or resources for a while without even knowing it. The most common cloud services include Gmail, Dropbox, Google Docs, and even Twitter.
Cloud computing is continuing to gain momentum among businesses and consumers alike. It offers consumers a more convenient way to store and share their files as well as access their data at any time, from anywhere. Businesses are virtualizing corporate desktops in the cloud and have considerably reduced the costs of maintaining their physical IT infrastructures in the process. Cloud services allow for more flexible working practices as well as greater mobility. Accessing your data on any device is safe and secure, and actually gives companies a better way to manage and secure data.
Cloud computing focuses on shared resources within the infrastructure. This means that customers share physical resources while maintaining security by reinforcing their “piece of the pie” with firewalls and virtual security. By focusing on this shared resource methodology, cloud companies can offer incredibly cost-effective rates compared to traditional computing due to the positive economies of scale. The more tenants that occupy a cloud, the more cost effective a solution becomes. The best Cloud providers use this method to offer solutions for a fraction of what they would cost should an organization attempt to do them in-house.
The cloud is quickly becoming commonplace in the world of technology. Its accessibility and convenience are undeniable, and more often than not, businesses and service providers have considered implementing or currently utilize cloud computing.
This presentation is an imagination of window 11 if in future window 11 is introduced by microsoft then what type of functionality or feature they possess. This show lot of important features grabs which we want in next generation of window.
This Slide Pack contains the basics of Linux, what is linux, when it is created, what is opensource, some basic commands, the things you need to know about Linux.
Join the “AWS Services Overview” webinar to take a fast-paced 45-minute tour through our broad range of new and existing services. During the webinar, you will have the opportunity to propose questions for the live Q&A session following the presentation.
Learning Objectives:
• Overview of AWS New & Existing Services
• Advice for Getting Started
Who Should Attend:
• IT Administrators, IT Directors, IT Architects, and Technology or Business Decision Makers
Getting started with setting up embedded platform requires audience to understand some of the key aspects of Linux. This presentation deals with basics of Linux as an OS, Linux commands, vi editor, Shell features like redirection, pipes and shell scripting
This is a brief introduction to Microsoft Azure cloud. I used these slides in an intro session for developers. I did few demos during the session that not included in the slide. Brand name and logos are properties of their respective owners.
A brief introduction , relevance, and significance of cloud computing with different types of platforms and services have been highlighted in the presentation.
Cluster computing is a type of computing where a group of several computers are linked together, allowing the entire group of computers to behave as if it were a single entity. There are a wide variety of different reasons why people might use cluster computing for various computer tasks. It s also used to make sure that a computing system will always be available. It is unknown when this cluster computing concept was first developed, and several different organizations have claimed to have invented it.
differences between unix and linux:
Some people think Unix and Linux as synonyms, but that's not true. Many operating systems were developed to be like Unix but none of them got the popularity as Linux. Linux is the clone of Unix. It has several features similar to Unix, still have some key differences let us see in the presentation..
This Slide Pack contains the basics of Linux, what is linux, when it is created, what is opensource, some basic commands, the things you need to know about Linux.
Join the “AWS Services Overview” webinar to take a fast-paced 45-minute tour through our broad range of new and existing services. During the webinar, you will have the opportunity to propose questions for the live Q&A session following the presentation.
Learning Objectives:
• Overview of AWS New & Existing Services
• Advice for Getting Started
Who Should Attend:
• IT Administrators, IT Directors, IT Architects, and Technology or Business Decision Makers
Getting started with setting up embedded platform requires audience to understand some of the key aspects of Linux. This presentation deals with basics of Linux as an OS, Linux commands, vi editor, Shell features like redirection, pipes and shell scripting
This is a brief introduction to Microsoft Azure cloud. I used these slides in an intro session for developers. I did few demos during the session that not included in the slide. Brand name and logos are properties of their respective owners.
A brief introduction , relevance, and significance of cloud computing with different types of platforms and services have been highlighted in the presentation.
Cluster computing is a type of computing where a group of several computers are linked together, allowing the entire group of computers to behave as if it were a single entity. There are a wide variety of different reasons why people might use cluster computing for various computer tasks. It s also used to make sure that a computing system will always be available. It is unknown when this cluster computing concept was first developed, and several different organizations have claimed to have invented it.
differences between unix and linux:
Some people think Unix and Linux as synonyms, but that's not true. Many operating systems were developed to be like Unix but none of them got the popularity as Linux. Linux is the clone of Unix. It has several features similar to Unix, still have some key differences let us see in the presentation..
Principles of Management-Management-Concept & MeaningTrinity Dwarka
Principles of Management-Management-Concept & Meaning
Management- Traditional Approach
Modern Approach
Management - Meaning
Management: Nature & Characteristics
Management as an Art
Management as a Science
Importance of Management
The operating system (OS) is the program which starts up when you turn on your computer and runs underneath all other programs - without it nothing would happen at all.
Difference between Unix & Linux Presentation.pptsarwechabro
The presentation is about how Linux and Unix are different from each other with core differences and some difference on feature based and their all history born to till now everything is defined in this document.
Introduction to Information Technology- Operating systemTrinity Dwarka
Department of computer application- Introduction to Information Technology- Operating system
Operating System
Operating System Objectives
Layers of Computer Systems
Services Provided by the Operating System
Functions of Operating Systems
Types of Operating Systems
Enhancing an OS
A program that controls the execution of application programs
An interface between applications and hardware
Layers of Computer System
Services Provided by the Operating System
Program development
Editors and debuggers
Program execution
Access to I/O devices
Controlled access to files
System access
Our Linux Course in Noida is meticulously crafted to cater to both beginners and experienced professionals seeking to strengthen their proficiency in Linux. With a team of expert instructors and a state-of-the-art learning environment, APTRON Solutions provides a comprehensive and immersive learning experience.
https://aptronsolutions.com/best-linux-training-in-noida.html
Introduction to Operating Systems
Operating System Basics
Operating System
Operating System Objectives
Layers of Computer Systems
Services Provided by the Operating System
Functions of Operating Systems
Types of Operating Systems
Enhancing an OS
INTRODUCTION TO OPERATING SYSTEM
Operating System
Operating System Objectives
Layers of Computer Systems
Services Provided by the Operating System
Functions of Operating Systems
Types of Operating Systems
Enhancing an OS
Operating System Objectives
Layers of Computer System
Services Provided by the Operating System
Services Provided by the Operating System
Functions of Operating Systems
Providing a User Interface
Managing Hardware
Organizing Files and Folders
Types of Operating Systems
Linux Operating System, also known as Linux OS, is an open-source operating system that has been gaining popularity over the years. Developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991 as a project for his computer science studies at the University of Helsinki, Linux has now become one of the most widely used operating systems across multiple platforms.
It is a Unix like operating system.
It can run on 32 bit and 64 bit hardware.
Linux OS, is a freely distributable, cross-platform
Supports multiple processors.
True multi-tasking, multi-user OS.
Following are some of the important features of Linux Operating System.
Portable - Portability means softwares can works on different types of hardwares in same way.Linux kernel and application programs supports their installation on any kind of hardware platform.
Open Source - Linux source code is freely available and it is community based development project. Multiple teams works in collaboration to enhance the capability of Linux operating system and it is continuously evolving.
Multi-User - Linux is a multiuser system means multiple users can access system resources like memory/ ram/ application programs at same time.
Multiprogramming - Linux is a multiprogramming system means multiple applications can run at same time.
Hierarchical File System - Linux provides a standard file structure in which system files/ user files are arranged.
Shell - Linux provides a special interpreter program which can be used to execute commands of the operating system. It can be used to do various types of operations, call application programs etc.
Security - Linux provides user security using authentication features like password protection/ controlled access to specific files/ encryption of data.
We are the world’s largest and most established provider of training courses globally, with extensive experience of providing quality-infused learning solutions - with the capability to deliver over 30,000 courses, in 1000+ locations, across 190 countries. As market leaders, we have successfully trained over 1 million delegates - demonstrating our internationally-renowned trust and unrivalled premium quality, to all of our aspiring learners.
Trinity Institute of Professional Studies (TIPS), ranked as one of the best Journalism College in Delhi NCR offers Bachelor of Arts in Journalism and Mass Communication (BAJMC) is a three-year undergraduate course aimed to imbibe journalistic and communication skills within the students, enabling them to prove their mettle in the media industry. It is considered as one of the best BAJMC Institute in West Delhi (Dwarka). BA JMC is a comprehensive and dynamic course, designed to enlighten students about the media industry, make them well versed with all the aspects of the field and prepare them to serve as responsible professionals. The curriculum is designed to cover both theoretical and practical subjects and provide hands-on training to the students leading to TIPS, as one of the best journalism and mass communication institutes of GGSIPU in Delhi-NCR.
Bachelor in Computer Application is one of the most popular courses among the students who want to make their career in the Information Technology area. It is a three-year undergraduate program that enhances students' knowledge and skills to meet the needs of the Information Technology (IT) industry. BCA is a course designed to give an insight to the students regarding various CS & IT concepts and their practical applications as well. TIPS, Dwarka offers excellent Placements in BCA colleges in Delhi NCR as enables students to grab promising opportunities available to them in the leading companies like Infosys, Amazon, Cognizant, Microsoft, HCL, Capgemini, Aricent, TCS, Concentrix, British Telecom, Network Bulls, IBM, and many more. The emphasis on quality and excellence has made TIPS one of the best BCA Institute of GGSIPU in Delhi NCR.
Learn More: www.tips.edu.in/bca
Principles of Management- Management-Concept & Meaning
Management- Traditional Approach
Modern Approach
Management - Meaning
Management
Nature & Characteristics
Management as an Art
Management as a Science
Importance of Management
Principles of Management- Planning
Nature of Planning
Significance of Planning
Process of Planning
Limitations of Planning
Essential Requirements of an Effective Plan.
Types of Planning
Derivative Plans
Principles of Planning
Organizing Authority & Responsibility- Principles of ManagementTrinity Dwarka
Organizing Authority & Responsibility- Principles of Management
Organizing: Meaning
OrganizationcNature of Organizing
Process of Organizing
Significance of Organizing
Authority
Sources of Authority
Responsibility
Staffing- Principles of Management
Concept
Features
Nature
Scope
Sequence of activities in staffing
Principles of Staffing
Job Analysis
Recruitment
Training & Development
Directing-Principles of Management
Nature of Directing
Importance of Directing
Techniques of Directing
Directing- Motivation
Process of Motivation
Motivation Techniques
Types of Motivation
Dimensional Modelling-Data Warehouse & Data MiningTrinity Dwarka
Dimensional Modelling-Data Warehouse & Data Mining
Design Requirements
ER Modeling
Problems with ER Model
ER vs Dimensional Modeling
Dimensional Modeling:Salient Features
Dimensional Modeling: Vocabulary
Star Schema
Data Preprocessing- Data Warehouse & Data MiningTrinity Dwarka
Data Preprocessing- Data Warehouse & Data Mining
Data Quality
Reasons for inaccurate data
Reasons for incomplete data
Major Tasks in Data Preprocessing
Forms of Data Preprocessing
Data Cleaning
Incomplete (Missing) Data
Computer Networks- Network Basics
Network Definition
Simultaneous access to data
Shared peripheral device
Sharing Data
The Uses of Network
The Uses of a Network
Common Network Types
Java Programming- Introduction to Java Applet ProgramsTrinity Dwarka
Java Programming- Introduction to Java Applet Programs
Java Applets
Java Applet Classes
Contrast Application with Applet
Applet Declaration
Body of an Applet
Applets
Applets and Web Pages – HTML
Running the Applet
Database Management System
DBMS Functionality
Main Characteristics of the Database Approach
Instances and Schemas
Data independence
The Entity-Relationship Model
Database Users
Advantages of Using the Database Approach
E-Commerce- Introduction to E-Commerce
Multistage Model for E-commerce
Search and identification
Selection and negotiation
Product and service delivery
After-sales service
Multistage Model for E-Commerce
DIGITAL ELECTRONICS- Minimization TechniqueKarnaugh MapTrinity Dwarka
DIGITAL ELECTRONICS- Minimization TechniqueKarnaugh Map
4 Variable K Map
2 Variable K Map
3 Variable K Map
K-map solution for Equation
K-map for Equation
DIGITAL ELECTRONICS- Number System
Positional Notation
Radix (Base) of a Number System
Radix (Base) of a Number System
Decimal Number Systems
Binary Number System
Decimal to Binary Conversion
Converting Decimal to Binary
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
1. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Affiliated Institution of G.G.S.IP.U, Delhi
BCA
Linux Environment
BCA306
Linux Basics
Keywords: Linux, Unix, Characteristics
and Architecture
2. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
An operating system is the software that
provides the interface between the hardware
of a computer system and the applications
programs that are used on it.
3. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Introduction to Linux
• A free Unix-type operating system originally created by
Linus Torvalds with the assistance of developers around
the world.
• The source code for Linux is freely available to everyone.
• Has the X Windows GUI , including many of the tools
that Windows users are familiar with such as,
– A file manager
– A Window manager
– A help system
– A configuration
– …….
4. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
• Requiring less system resources. A Linux based system can
operate smoothly on a 386 or 486.
• Application software support
– Office applications: Corel WordPerfect Office 2000 for
Linux Deluxe
– Graphics tool: Gimp
– Browsers: Netscape Communicator 4.75, Opera browser
• Multi-user, Multitasking, Multiprocessor
• Coexists with other Operating Systems
• Runs on multiple platforms
Introduction to Linux . . contd
5. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Main Characteristics
• Multitasking
– Linux supports true preemptive multi-tasking. All processes run
independently of each other.
• Multi-user access
– Linux allows number of users to work with the system at the
same time.
• Multi-processing
– Operating system can distribute several applications across
several processors.
• Architecture Independence
– Linux can run on several hardware platforms from amiga to PC
to DEC Alpha workstations.
6. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Main Characteristics
• Demand load executables
– Only those parts of a program actually required for execution
are loaded into memory.Copy-on-write principle is used when
a new process accesses memory in write mode.
• Paging
– Linux uses paging to use the physical memory efficiently.
• Dynamic cache for hard disk
– Linux dynamically adjusts the size of cache memory in use to
suit the current memory usage situation.
• Shared Libraries
– Libraries are collection of routines needed by a program for
processing data. They are loaded into memory only when the
process is run.
7. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Main Characteristics
• Support for POSIX 1003.1(Portable Operating System Interface for
Unix) standard
– POSIX 1003.1 defines a minimum interface to a unix type
operating system. Linux fully supports it
• Various formats for executable files
– Linux can execute programs from other unix system conforming
to iBCS2(Intel Binary Compatibility Standard (ibcs2))
standard.
• Memory protected Mode
– Linux uses processor’s memory protection mechanisms to
prevent the process from accessing memory allocated to system
kernel or other processes.
• Support for national keyboards, fonts
8. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
Main Characteristics
• Different file systems
– Linux supports variety of file systems. Most common being
Second extended (ext2) file system. Others being ms-dos file
system, VFAT file system for accessing windows/ms-dos,ISO
for accessing CD-ROMS, NFS for accessing the file systems
of other unix systems etc.
• TCP/IP, SLIP and PPP support
– Linux can be integrated into local unix networks. All network
services, such as NFS and remote login can be used. SLIP and
PPP support the use of TCP/IP protocol over serial lines i.e.
internet via pubic telephone network.
9. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
- Surrounding the kernel and acting as a user interface to the Linux
operating system
- Command language interpreter
- Interprets the command users enter
- Selects and runs the command or program
- Provides the results to the screen or file as
directed by the command
-C shell, Bourne shell, Korn shell
Linux functionally organized at three levels
shell
Tools and applications
The main part of operating system, and responsible for
controlling system resources.
-Loaded into memory when the system boots
-Process control and scheduling
-Memory management
-Device I/O
-System error handling
-User programs requesting services from the kernel through
system calls
-Hardware devices getting kernel response through interrupts
kernel
offering additional
functionality to the operating
system
10. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
What is Kernel?
Kernel is heart of Linux Os.
It manages resource of Linux Os. For e.g. Facility to
store data, print data on printer, memory, file
management etc .
Kernel decides who will use this resource, for how
long and when. It runs your programs (or set up to
execute binary files).
The kernel acts as an intermediary between the
computer hardware and various
programs/application/shell
11. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
What is Shell?
An interface between the Linux system and the user
• Used to call commands and programs
• An interpreter
• Many available (bsh; ksh; csh; bash; tcsh)
• A shell is any program that takes input from the user,
translates it into instructions that the operating
system can understand, and conveys the operating
system's output back to the user.
12. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
What is Shell Script ?
Shell Script is series of commands written in
plain text file.
Shell script can take input from user, file and
output them on screen.
Useful to create our own commands.
Save lots of time.
To automate some task of day today life.
System Administration part can be also
automated.
13. TRINITY INSTITUTE OF PROFESSIONAL STUDIES
Sector – 9, Dwarka Institutional Area, New Delhi-75
13