1. Point operations modify pixel values without changing the image size or structure. Each new pixel value depends only on the original value at that point. 2. Histogram equalization finds a point operation to make the modified image histogram approximate a uniform distribution. This can only shift and merge histogram entries, not split them. 3. Other point operations discussed include increasing brightness by adding a constant value to each pixel, inverting pixels by subtracting from 255, thresholding to make pixels above a level white and below black, and alpha blending images with transparency control. 4. Automatic contrast adjustment and increasing contrast by multiplying pixel values by 1.5 are also point operations described.