Swallowing of any foregion body like coins, pins,seeds,buttton batteries and platic pieces is common in children.In older persons pieces of bone (fish or chicken) or part of loose denture is common. It becomes an emergency situation and needs urgent treatment.In this ppp I have discussed this problem in a brief and clear way
Swallowing of any foregion body like coins, pins,seeds,buttton batteries and platic pieces is common in children.In older persons pieces of bone (fish or chicken) or part of loose denture is common. It becomes an emergency situation and needs urgent treatment.In this ppp I have discussed this problem in a brief and clear way
Respiratory Disorders
Disease Condition Pneumothorax, Causes, Sign and Symptoms, Pathophysiology, Types, Assessment and Dignostic Test, Management
By HIREN GEHLOTH For Nursing Students Medical Surgical Nursing
LAUGH A LOT IT CLEARS THE LUNGS
TEACHING IS ONE PROFESSION THAT CREATE ALL OTHER PROFESSION
This PPT contains the information about the pneumothorax lung condition,This PPT is made up from the well known book named essentials of cardiopulmonary physical therapy by ellen hillegass.
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Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
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4. Classification
1. Spontaneous
# Primary
- No evidence of overt lung disease
- occurs in males aged 15-30
- air escapes from the lung into the pleural
space through rupture of a small emphysematous
bulla or pleural bleb
- smoking, tall stature & the presence of apical subpleural
blebs are additional risk factors
5. #Secondary
- underlying lung disease
- occurs mainly in males above 55 yrs
- most commonly COPD & TB
- also seen in asthma, lung abscess, pul infarcts,
bronchogenic carcinoma, all forms of fibrotic &
cystic lung disease
9. Closed type
Communication b/n airway and the pleural space
seals off as the lung deflates
Mean pleural pressure remains negative
Spontaneous reabsorption of air & re-expansion of
lung occur over a few days or weeks
Infection uncommon
10. Open type
Communication b/n pleura & bronchus doesn’t
seals off (Bronchopleural fistula)
Intra pleural pressure = atm. Pressure
Collapsed lung, no re expansion
Transmission of infection from the airways into
the pleural space through fistula common
(empyema)
11. Tension type
Communication b/n the airway & the pleural
space acts as a one-way valve
Allowing air to enter the pleural space during
inspiration but not to escape on expiration
Large amt of air accumulates progressively in the
pleural space
Intrapleural pressure increases above atm
12. Pressure causes mediastinal shift towards the
opposite side
with compression of the opposite lung
& impairment of systemic venous return
Causing cardiovascular compromise
13.
14. Occasionally tension pneumothorax may
occur without mediastinal shift, if malignant
ds or scarring has splinted the mediastinum
15. Clinical features
Sudden onset of unliateral pleuritic chest pain
Breathlessness
[In pts with a small pneumothorax, physical
examination may be normal ]
17. Inspection & palpation
Dyspnoea
Accessory muscles of respiration
Shift of trachea
Shift of mediastinum to opposite side
Fullness of chest on the affected side
Diminished chest movements
18. Marked diminished vocal fremitus on
affected side
Reduction in total chest expansion
Increase in size of affected hemithorax
Diminished expansion of the affected
hemithorax
19. Percussion
Hyper-resonant on affected
pneumothorax.
Right sided pneumothorax-liver dullness is
obliterated and cardiac dullness is shifted
to the opposite side
22. Investigations
Chest x ray
Shows : increased radiolucency, with absence of
bronchovascular markings
extend of mediastinal shift.
pleural fluid ,if present .
underlying pulmonary disease .
(costophrenic angles are clear)
[care must be taken to differentiate b/n a large pre-existing bulla &
a pneumothorax to avoid misdirected attempts at aspiration]
30. Secondary pneumothorax
Even a small secondary pneumothorax may
cause respiratory failure, so all such patients require
↓
Intercostal tube drainage
[Intercostal drains are inserted in the 4th ,5th or 6th
intercostal space in the midaxillary line ,connected
to an under waterseal]
31. Clamping of the drain is potentially dangerous
Should be removed 24hrs after the lung has fully
reinflated and bubbling stopped .
Continued bubbling after 5 -7 days is an indication
for surgery .
All patients should receive supplemental oxygen
32. If intercostal tube drainage fails
↓
Thoracoscopy (VATS ) or thoracotomy with
stapling of blebs and pleural abrasion is indicated
33. If surgery is contraindicated, pleurodesis
should be done .
↓
Intrapleural injection of sclerosing agent
34. Tension pneumothorax
It is a medical emergency.
A large bore needle is inserted into pleural
space through 2nd intercostal space.
Needle should be left in place until a
thoracostomy tube can be inserted.
35. Traumatic pneumothorax
Supplemental oxygen or aspiration done.
Tube thoracostomy , if not improves.
If hemo pneumothorax is present, 1 chest
tube should be placed in the superior part to
evacuate air, other should be placed in the
inferior part to remove blood.