Pneumothorax is defined as air in the pleural space between the lungs and chest wall. It is classified as spontaneous, traumatic, or iatrogenic. A tension pneumothorax occurs when air enters the pleural space during inspiration but cannot escape during expiration, causing rising pressure and potential cardiovascular compromise. Symptoms include chest pain and breathlessness. Diagnosis is made through chest x-ray showing increased radiolucency. Small primary pneumothorax may resolve on its own, while secondary pneumothorax requires tube drainage. Tension pneumothorax is a medical emergency treated with needle decompression followed by tube insertion.