This document defines pneumoconiosis as a permanent alteration of lung structure caused by inhaling mineral dust. Not all dusts are pathogenic, with silica being highly fibrogenic. Pneumoconiosis resulted in 260,000 deaths globally in 2013. It can lead to serious complications like cor pulmonale and pulmonary hypertension. The tendency for pneumoconiosis to develop into carcinomas depends on factors like particle size, composition, and amount retained in the lungs. There are three main types classified by tissue response: fibrotic nodules, interstitial fibrosis, and hypersensitivity reactions. Coal worker's pneumoconiosis is examined in detail, including pathogenesis, radiological features, gross depiction, and histological

1. VISITH DANTANARAYANA
GROUP: 301

2. DEFINITION
 PNEUMOCONIOSIS CAN BE DEFINED AS A
PERMANENT ALTERATION OF LUNG
STRUCTURE DUE TO THE INHALATION OF
MINERAL DUST AND THE TISSUE REACTIONS
TO ITS PRESENCE.
 NOT ALL DUSTS ARE PATHOGENIC. E.G:
SILICA IS HIGHLY FIBROGENIC, BUT IRON,
TIN, AND BARIUM ARE ALMOST INERT.

3. WHY IS IT IMPORTANT?
 In 2013 it resulted in 260,000 deaths up
from 251,000 deaths in 1990.
 It is a wide-spread phenomenon.
 It can lead to other serious complications:
Cor Pulmonale, Pulmonary Hypertension
and eventually Chronic Heart Failure, and
not to mention the Bronchogenic
Carcinomas.

5. TENDENCY TO DEVELOP
CARCINOMAS IN THE STOMACH
THE TENDENCY TO SWALLOW
DUST LADEN CARCINOGENS
COMING UP RESPIRATORY
TRACT.

6. STATISTICS OF PNEUMCONIOSIS

7. EPIDEMIOLOGY

8. FACTORS DETERMINING THE
EXTENT OF THE DAMAGE
 SIZE AND SHAPE OF PARTICLES
 THEIR PHYSICOCHEMICAL COMPOSITION
AND SOLUBILITY
 THE AMOUNT RETAINED IN THE LUNGS
 THE ADDITIONAL EFFECTS MANIFESTED BY
TOBACCO AND OTHER HARMFUL FACTORS
 HOST IMMUNE STATUS

9. 3 TYPES ACCORDING TO THE
TISSUE RESPONSE
 FIBROUS NODULES – CWP, SILICOSIS
 INTERSTITIAL FIBROSIS - ASBESTOSIS
 HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTION AS IN
BERRYLIOSIS

10. COAL – WORKERS’
PNEUMOCONIOSIS
(CWP)
 USUALLY EXIST IN TWO FORMS:
1. SIMPLE COAL WORKERS’
PNEUMOCONIOSIS
2. PROGRESSIVE MASSIVE FIBROSIS

11. PREDISPOSING FACTORS
 OLDER AGE OF THE MINERS
 SEVERITY OF COAL DUST BURDEN
ENGULFED
 PROLONGED EXPOSURE (OVER 3 YEARS).
 CONCOMITANT TUBERCULOSIS
 ADDITIONAL ROLE OF SILICA DUST.
ANTHRACOSIS, SIMPLE COAL-WORKERS’
PNEUMOCONIOSIS AND PROGRESSIVE
FIBROSIS ARE ALL STAGES IN THE EVOLUTION
OF FULL BLOWN COAL RELATED
PNEUMOCONIOSIS.

12. PATHOGENESIS

13. PATHOGENESIS

14. RADIOLOGICAL FEATURES
 MOST OF THE STAGES ARE IDENTIFIED VIA
THE RADIOLOGICAL DEPICTION OF THE
SITUATION.
Chest X-ray may show a characteristic
patchy, subpleural, bibasilar interstitial
infiltrates or small cystic radiolucencies
called honeycombing.

15. THE X-RAY OF A LONG TIME COAL MINER WHO AT THE AGE OF 80 SHOWED
SIGNS OF COAL WORKERS’ PNEUMOCONIOSIS; HIS LUNGS SHOW MULTIPLE
FOCI OF OPACITIES OF CONSIDERABLE SIZE AND SHAPE.

17. GROSS DEPICTION
LARGER AREAS OR CAVITIES
WITH EXUDATE RESEMBLING
INDIA INK.

19. MACROSCOPICAL VIEW
 SIMPLE COAL-WORKERS’ PNEUMOCONIOSIS
COAL MACULES
IF PALPABLE, THEY
ARE
KNOWN AS COAL
NODULES.

20. MACROSCOPICAL VIEW
 PROGRESSIVE MASSIVE FIBROSIS

21. HISTOLOGICAL VIEW
 COAL MACULES COMPRISE AGGREGATES
OF DUST-LADEN MACROPHAGES.
The pinkish coloration at the centre
Attributes to the increased
Presence of Collagen fibers in
The Coal Macule.

23. HISTOLOGICAL VIEW
DEPOSITION OF DENSE CARBON PIGMENT AND COLLAGEN

24. CAPLAN’S SYNDROME
 Also known as Rheumatoid Pneumoconiosis;
when tests also show the presence of
Rheumatoid Factor, and antinuclear antibodies.
CHARACTERISTIC DUST LADEN NODULES.

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ATTENTION