Major plant hormones include auxins, cytokinins, gibberellins, ethylene, and abscisic acid. Auxins promote cell elongation and root formation, inhibit lateral bud growth, and allow differential growth responses through areas of faster cell elongation. Cytokinins promote cell division and lateral bud growth. Gibberellins promote stem elongation and seed germination. Ethylene inhibits cell expansion and accelerates senescence and fruit ripening. Abscisic acid promotes stomatal closure and inhibits seed germination.