The gas turbine is an internal combustion engine that uses air as the working fluid. The engine extracts chemical energy from fuel and converts it to mechanical energy using the gaseous energy of the working fluid (air) to drive the engine and propeller, which, in turn, propel the aeroplane.
The gas turbine is an internal combustion engine that uses air as the working fluid. The engine extracts chemical energy from fuel and converts it to mechanical energy using the gaseous energy of the working fluid (air) to drive the engine and propeller, which, in turn, propel the aeroplane.
Jet Propulsion: Recap, Intake, Types of compressor, and MoreJess Peters
Jet Propulsion: Recap, Intake, Types of compressor: Axial flow compressor and Centrifugal flow compressor.
After Burners
Air distribution in the Combustion Chamber.
Reverse Thrust
various methods for improving the engine performance have been discussed. Most significant upon them is to reduce the obstruction in the flow of fresh mixture and burnt products. In addition to this by improving the inlet and exhaust valve timing. Increase in compression ratio and swept volume may also improve the engine parformance
Jet Propulsion: Recap, Intake, Types of compressor, and MoreJess Peters
Jet Propulsion: Recap, Intake, Types of compressor: Axial flow compressor and Centrifugal flow compressor.
After Burners
Air distribution in the Combustion Chamber.
Reverse Thrust
various methods for improving the engine performance have been discussed. Most significant upon them is to reduce the obstruction in the flow of fresh mixture and burnt products. In addition to this by improving the inlet and exhaust valve timing. Increase in compression ratio and swept volume may also improve the engine parformance
Engine, classification of heat engine, classification of IC engine, component of IC engine, four stroke engine and 2- stroke engine, petrol and diesel engine, comparisons, terminology related to engine
Er. Uttam Raj Timilsina(MSc.Engineering,IIT Roorkee)
Professor of Agricultural Engineering,Agriculture and Forestry University (AFU), Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
uttamrajtimilsina@gmail.com
*All Right Reserved**
Uploaded and Shared by AgriYouthNepal
difination and explaintion of 2 strike vs 4stroke enginees including defination, ragulation types of and examples explation for educations and projects
This presentation include the information about the different types of superchargers, advantages & disadvantages of superchargers and turbochargers. One case study of variable geometry turbocharger is included with literature review.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
3. Reciprocating Engine Theory Of
Operation
• Operating Cycles
• Two-Stroke
– Requires only one upstroke and one downstroke of
the piston to complete the required series of events
in the cylinders.
– Completes the operating cycle in one revolution of
the crankshaft.
• What are the sequence of events that take
place to convert the chemical energy into
mechanical energy?
6. Reciprocating Engine Theory Of
Operation
• Four-stroke
• Four strokes required
to complete the events.
• Two revolutions of the
crankshaft (720°) are
required to complete
the four strokes.
7. Reciprocating Engine Theory Of
Operation
• Engine Power And Efficiency
– Work = Force x Distance
– Horsepower = ft-lb per min or ft-lb per sec
33,000
550
8. Reciprocating Engine Theory Of
Operation
• Piston Displacement
• The greater the piston displacement the greater
the horsepower an engine will develop.
• The volume displaced by a piston is its
displacement.
• Expressed in cubic inches.
9. Reciprocating Engine Theory Of
Operation
• Piston Displacement
• PD = Area of cross section of cylinder
multiplied by total distance the piston moves.
• V=AxH
10. Reciprocating Engine Theory Of
Operation
• Compression Ratio
• Comparison of the volume of space in a
cylinder when the piston is at the bottom of the
stroke to the volume of space when the piston
is at the top of the stroke.
• The higher the engine compression ratio, the
higher the engine efficiency (horsepower
output) will be.
11. Reciprocating Engine Theory Of
Operation
• Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP)
• Average absolute pressure of the fuel/air
charge in the intake manifold.
• Measured in units of inches of mercury (Hg).
• Dependent mostly on ambient air pressure,
engine speed, and throttle setting.
• Supercharging increases MAP.
12. Reciprocating Engine Theory Of
Operation
• Compression Ratio & Manifold Pressure.
• Determines the pressure in the cylinder when
both valves are closed.
• Pressure of charge before compression is
determined by the manifold pressure.
• Pressure at the height of compression is
determined by manifold pressure times the
compression ratio.
13. Reciprocating Engine Theory Of
Operation
• Absolute & Gauge Pressure.
• Absolute Pressure
– Identifies the pressure measurement as one
that is based on a comparison of the
pressure in the manifold with pressure at
absolute zero.
• Gauge Pressure
– Compares the pressure being measured
against ambient pressure.
14. Reciprocating Engine Theory Of
Operation
• Indicated Horsepower
• Horsepower calculated from the indicated
mean effective pressure and the other factors
which affect the power output of an engine.
• The power developed in the combustion
chamber without reference to the friction
losses within the engine.
15. Reciprocating Engine Theory Of
Operation
• Brake Horsepower (BHP)
• The power delivered from the engine to the
propeller for useful work.
• Total horsepower lost due to friction is
subtracted from indicated horsepower.
• The measurement of an engine’s BHP involves
the measurement of torque.
– Torque = Force times distance
16. Reciprocating Engine Theory Of
Operation
• Friction Horsepower
• Indicated horsepower minus brake
horsepower.
17. Reciprocating Engine Theory Of
Operation
• Friction And Brake Mean Effective Pressure
• Indicated Mean Effective Pressure
– Pressure used to create frictionless power.
• Friction Mean Effective Pressure
– The pressure used to overcome internal
friction.
• Brake Mean Effective Pressure
– The pressure used to produce useful work.
18. Reciprocating Engine Theory Of
Operation
• Thrust Horsepower
• The result of the engine and propeller working
together.
• The ratio of thrust horsepower and brake
horsepower delivered to the propeller shaft will
never be equal.
• Determines the performance of the enginepropeller combination.
19. Reciprocating Engine Theory Of
Operation
• Efficiencies
• Thermal Efficiency
– The ratio of useful work done by an engine
to the heat energy of the fuel it uses,
expressed in work or heat units.
• Mechanical Efficiency
– The ratio that shows how much of the
power developed by the expanding gases in
the cylinder is actually delivered to the
output shaft.
20. Reciprocating Engine Theory Of
Operation
• Efficiencies
• Volumetric Efficiency
– A comparison of the volume of fuel/air
charge inducted into the cylinders to the
total piston displacement of the engine.