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Piston Engines: Oil
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- 2. • Lubrication oilis often considered to be the life blood of an engine. Without it, the friction and wear produced between moving parts would cause an engine to wear at a very rapid rate. • In addition to reducing friction, lubricating oil is responsible for removing a great deal of engine heat. • In fact, without an ample supply of oil, most reciprocating engines will overheat. Additional functions of lubricating oils include creating a seal between moving parts, cushioning impact forces created by combustion, cleaning the engine, and protecting against corrosion.
- 3. • The purposeof a lubrication system is to supply oil at the correct pressure and volume to provide adequate lubrication and cooling for all parts of the engine, which are subject to the effects of friction. • The lubrication is distributed to the engine moving parts by pressure, splash, and spray.
- 5. • Pressure lubricationis the primary type of lubrication used in reciprocating engines. • All pressure lubrication systems rely on a pump to supply pressurized oil to critical engine parts.
- 6. • The movementof the internal components, which splash oil around, produces splash lubrication. • Spray lubrication uses the same pressurized oil in a pressure lubrication system, however, instead of routing the oil to a component through an oil passage, the oil is sprayed on to a component through a nozzle.
- 7. • Reciprocating enginelubrication systems are generally classified as either: • wet-sump or • dry-sump system
- 8. Wet Sump • Witha wet sump system, all the oil is carried in the engine crankcase. • With this type of system, the oil is picked up by a pump and distributed throughout the engine. • Once the oil has circulated, it drains down into the sump where it is picked up and recirculated.
- 9. SUMP Engine Block ‘WET’ SUMPSYSTEM FilterPump Common for most vehicles
- 10. SUMP Engine Block ‘DRY’ SUMPSYSTEM FilterPump High Performance/Rally vehicles and Aircraft Tank Scavenge Pump
- 11. Dry Sump • Dry-sumpsystems differ from wet-sump systems in that the oil is stored in a separate oil tank. • This type allows a large quantity of oil to be carried. • This makes dry-sump systems well suited to large radial engines. • This type of system needs a scavenge pump to pump the oil back to the tank.
- 12. A typical pressurelubrication system consists of an: • oil reservoir, • oil pump, • scavenge pump, • oil pressure relief valve, • oil filter, • oil cooler, • and all the necessary piping and connections.
- 14. Filters • There aretwo types of filtration systems that may be installed in aircraft piston engines; • They are the full flow filter system • and the by-pass or partial flow system.
- 16. • With thefull flow system all of the oil passes though the filter each time it circulates the engine. • To accomplish this the filter is installed in series between the pump and the bearings.
- 18. • The by-passsystem is installed in parallel with the engine bearings. • In this type of system, only about 10 percent of the oil is filtered each time the oil circulates through the system. • However over time, the entire oil supply will pass through the filter
- 19. Let’s take acloser look at what happens here TYPICAL OIL SYSTEM – Distribution
- 20. Front Bearing Support Rear Bearing Support Bearing Support Bearing Support Bearing Support TYPICAL OIL SYSTEM– Bearing Locations/Lubrication No 1 Piston 1 No 2 Piston 2 No 3 Piston 3 No 4 Piston 4 CRANKSHAFT FROM A 4 CYLINDER ENGINE
- 21. Oil Splash Oil Splash Oil Splash Oil Splash Crankshaft Internal Oil Feed Plain Bearing TYPICALOIL SYSTEM – Bearing Lubrication Oil Distribution Groove Lubricating Oil Film Con Rod Big End