Phycology basic presentation

Basics of Algology
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Phycology actually is the study of algae, and this term
Phycology derived from the Greek term “PHYKOS”
which means “SEAWEED”.

•Algae are thallophytes.
•Algae are Eukaryotes.
•Algae belong to the kingdom Protista.
•Algae can range from microscopic algae to large seaweeds and are
mostly photosynthetic.

Heterogeneous
Autotrophic
True embryogenesis
absent.
Vascular tissues absent
( there are no xylem &
phloem or true roots,
stems or leaves).
Both sexual and asexual
reproduction can be
found.

Depending on main five characteristics algae can
be classified primarily as follows:
Presence of photosynthetic pigments,
On the basis of cell structure,
Character of cell wall constituent,
Type of food reserves,
Type of flagella.

Some important systems of classification of Algae are…
Fritsch, F E, (1935); Smith, G.M. (1955); Bold & Wynne (1985); Lee, R.E. (1989).
There are various divisions and classes but we here discussing only on following some important phyla…
 Cyanophyta
 Prochlorophyta
 Glaucophyta
 Rhodophyta
 Chlorophyta
 Euglenophyta
 Dinophyta
 Cryptophyta
 Chrysophyta
 Prymnesiophyta
 Bacillariophyta
 Xanthophyta
 Eustigmatophyta
 Raphidophyta
 Pahaeophyta.

Basic Visual Idea

Cyanophyta
Blue-Green Algae
with chlorophyll a
and
phycobiliproteins
and glycogen as
storage food.

Prochlorophyta
With both
chlorophyll a & b.

Glaucophyta
They have
endosymbiont blue-
green algae in the
cytoplasm instead of
chloroplast.
Flagella present and
whiplash type.

Rhodophyta
Presence of both
chlorophyll a & b.
Storage product is
floridian starch.

Chlorophyta
With both
chlorophyll a & b.
Reserve food starch
within chloroplast
usually in association
with a pyrenoid.

Euglenophyta
Have both
chlorophylls a and b.
Nucleus
mesocaryotic.
Paramylon formed as
storage product.

Dinophyta
A typical motile
dinoflagellate
consists of an
epicone and
hypocone divided by
the transverse girdle.
Chlophyllua a & c2 .

Cryptophyta
Contains both
chlophylls a and c2.
Phycobilins present
outside the
thylakoids.
Starch as researve
food present outside
the chloroplast.

Chrysophyta
Golden brown in
color due to presence
of facoxanthin and ß
carotene.
Storage product is
crysolaminarin.

Prymnesiophyta
Presence of
haptonema between
two smooth flagella.
Cells are usually
covered with scales.

Bacillariophyta
Brown fucoxanthin
gives the brown
color.
Cell are surrounded
by a rigid two part
box like cell wall
composed of silica,
called the frustule.

Xanthophyta
Most cell wall is
composed of two
overlapping halves.
Motile cells with a
forwardly directed
tinsel flagellum and a
posteriorly directed
whiplash flagellum.

Eustigmatophyta
The only chlorophyll
is ‘a’.
Starch is not reserve
food.

Raphidophyta
Cells are large
dorsiventrally
constructed.
Presence of
chlorophyll a and c.

Phaeophyta
Mostly marine.
Flagella two inserted
laterally, one
anterior tinsel &
another poterior
whiplash
Storage product is
laminarin.

Algae mainly differ from fungi in possessing chlorophyll and a
characteristically holophytic, photosynthetic mode of nutrition.
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Phycology basic presentation

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