This document discusses the anatomy, physiology, and diagnosis of oesophageal diseases. It covers the surgical anatomy of the oesophagus, its physiology during swallowing, common symptoms of oesophageal diseases, and investigations used in diagnosis including barium swallow, endoscopy, endosonography, manometry, and pH monitoring. It also discusses specific oesophageal diseases and conditions such as congenital lesions, benign tumors, cancer, foreign bodies, perforations, gastroesophageal reflux disease, hiatal hernia, and motility disorders.
Please find the power point on Gastric Outlet Obstruction. I tried present it on understandable way and all the contents are reviewed by experts and from very reliable references. Thank you
Surgical Anatomy of the Liver : Ηepatectomies - Dimitris P. KorkolisDimitris P. Korkolis
- The liver is the largest gland in the body and has a wide variety of functions
- Weight: 1/50 of body weight in adult & 1/20 of body weight in infant
- It is exocrine(bile) & endocrine organ(Albumin , prothrombin & fibrinogen)
Function of the liver :
- Secretion of bile & bile salt
- Metabolism of carbohydrate, fat and protein
- Formation of heparin & anticoagulant substances
- Detoxication
- Storage of glycogen and vitamins
- Activation of vita .D
Please find the power point on Gastric Outlet Obstruction. I tried present it on understandable way and all the contents are reviewed by experts and from very reliable references. Thank you
Surgical Anatomy of the Liver : Ηepatectomies - Dimitris P. KorkolisDimitris P. Korkolis
- The liver is the largest gland in the body and has a wide variety of functions
- Weight: 1/50 of body weight in adult & 1/20 of body weight in infant
- It is exocrine(bile) & endocrine organ(Albumin , prothrombin & fibrinogen)
Function of the liver :
- Secretion of bile & bile salt
- Metabolism of carbohydrate, fat and protein
- Formation of heparin & anticoagulant substances
- Detoxication
- Storage of glycogen and vitamins
- Activation of vita .D
Dysphagia is an important problem in surgical patients. I have discussed Introduction, Zenker's diverticulum, GERD, Achalasia Cardia and Carcinoma Esophagus. If you watch all these videos together, i assure you that you will become confident in managing a case of dysphagia.
Describes the concept of a surgical abdomen, acute abdominal pain, emergency intervention and approach to management, including the controversial use of analgesic and antibiotics in emergency room.
Ludwig's Angina is an infective condition of the floar of mouth above and below the mylohyoid muscle. Tongue is raised, mouth remains open and there may be compromised airway and require tracheostomy. Treatment is medical in the form of antibioticsand pain killers and surgical in the form of incision and drainage.
Although diphtheria is not very common but its also not very uncommon. Although there is immunization regarding diphtheria in expanded program of immunization in Pakistan but still we find cases off and on
Both acute and chronic pharyngitis are common diseases and they are important for the students to understand, Moreover acute tonsillitis is also very common and it becomes one of the most important causes of throat pain and fever.
Pharynx is upper part of the aerodigestive tract. It has three parts nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx. Pharynx plays an important part in respiration and swallowing. Swallowing is a very complex process. To swallow properly it is important to shut down the openings of nasopharynx, oral cavity and larynx and open the upper sphinctor of esophagus.
Disease of the nasal septum can cause nasal obstruction, excessive nasal discharge, epistaxis, headache and sinusitis. The diseases could be deviated nasal septum, septal haematoma, septal abscess and septal perforation. All these complaints are treatable.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
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Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES
• Anatomy of oesophagogus and
its relationship to disease
• Physiology of the oesophagus
and its relationship to disease.
• Clinical features
• Investigations
• Treatment of benign and
malignant disease
4. SURGICAL ANATOMY
• Fibromuscular tube
• Length - 25 cm.
• Occupies posterior mediastinum.
• Extention
– From the cricopharyngeal sphincter
–To cardia of the stomach
5. SURGICAL ANATOMY
• 4 cm of this tube lies below the diaphragm.
• The musculature
–Upper 1/3 - striated
–Lower 2/3 - smooth muscle below.
• It is lined by squamous epithelium except the
lower 3 cms which are lined by specialized
mucosa.
12. PHYSIOLOGY
• Function
–To transfer food
• from the mouth
• to the stomach.
• Sequence of events in Oropharynx
–Sequential contraction of oropharyngeal
musculature
–simultaneous closure of nasal
–Clouser of respiratory passages
13. PHYSIOLOGY
– opening of the cricopharyngeal sphincter.
• The upper sphincter is normally closed at rest to
prevent regurgitation
• Failure of it to relax on swallowing may cause
propulsion diverticulum
• Involuntary peristaltic wave in the body of
oesophagus then sweeps food bolus downwards.
• Relaxation of gastro-oesophageal sphincter
14. SYMPTOMS
• Difficulty in swallowing
• Feeling of food or fluid sticking (oesophageal dysphagia)
– Must rule out malignancy.
• Pain on swallowing ( odynophagia)
– Suggest inflamation and ulceration
• Regurgitation or reflux ( heartburn)
– Common in gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (
GORD).
15. SYMPTOMS
• Chest pain
– Difficult to distinguish from cardiac pain.
• Loss of weight
• Anaemia
• Cachexia
• Change of voice
18. INVESTIGATIONS
• Endosonography:
– Endoscopic ultrasonography.
• Oesophageal manometry
– To diagnose oesophageal motility disorders.
• 24-hour ph monitoring:
– The most accurate method for the diagnosis of
gastro-oesophageal reflux
• Hb%
19. PHYSIOLOGY
• Lower end of the oesophagus
– Physiological sphincter
• Prevent reflux of gastric acid and bile.
• The tone of this sphincter is influenced by
– Gastrointestinal hormones
– Anti-cholinergic drugs
– Smoking
• The displaced sphincter loses its tone and permits
reflux to occur
• GOJ- 3-4 cm long
• GOJ pressure of 30 cm h2o.
34. FLEXIBLE OESOPHAGOSCOPY
• Advantages
– OPD procedure
– LA – spray/SLN block
– Less morbidity
– Can be done in jaw, spine disorders
– Can examine stomach and duodenum
– Good illumination and magnification
• Disadvantages
– Limited removal of FB
– Cant examine laryngopharynx
– Need voluntary swallowing to advance
scope