The document discusses personal rapid transit systems (PRT), which use small automated electric pod cars to provide point-to-point public transportation. PRT systems allow non-stop travel between origin and destination stations on a network of narrow guideways. Existing PRT systems provide on-demand, congestion-free service 24/7 at airports and universities. Upcoming PRT projects are planned in India, South Korea, and other countries to help address increasing transportation demands and limited land/fuel resources.
What is MRTS?
History
Role of Civil Engineers
Why MRTS?
Characteristics of MRTS
Network Design Parameters
Types of MRTS Networks
Types of MRTS
Bus Rapid Transit system
Case Study -1 : Ahmedabad BRTS
Metro Rail Transit System
Case Study-2 : Delhi Metro
Mono Rail Transit System
Light Rail Transport System
Impact
Mass rapid transit, also referred to as public transit, is a passenger transportation service, usually local in scope, that is available to any person who pays a prescribed fare.
It usually operates on specific fixed tracks or with separated and exclusive use of potential common track, according to established schedules along designated routes or lines with specific stops.
It is designed to move large numbers of people at one time.
Urban transportation system meaning ,travel demand functions with factors, design approaches & modeling , types of mass transit system with advantages -disadvantages or limitations , opportunities in mass transport , integrated approach for transit -transportation system
presentation talks about brts. its system, components,types; also discusses about brts across globe & its assessment. further it contents three case sudy and also talks about future of BRTS.
What is MRTS?
History
Role of Civil Engineers
Why MRTS?
Characteristics of MRTS
Network Design Parameters
Types of MRTS Networks
Types of MRTS
Bus Rapid Transit system
Case Study -1 : Ahmedabad BRTS
Metro Rail Transit System
Case Study-2 : Delhi Metro
Mono Rail Transit System
Light Rail Transport System
Impact
Mass rapid transit, also referred to as public transit, is a passenger transportation service, usually local in scope, that is available to any person who pays a prescribed fare.
It usually operates on specific fixed tracks or with separated and exclusive use of potential common track, according to established schedules along designated routes or lines with specific stops.
It is designed to move large numbers of people at one time.
Urban transportation system meaning ,travel demand functions with factors, design approaches & modeling , types of mass transit system with advantages -disadvantages or limitations , opportunities in mass transport , integrated approach for transit -transportation system
presentation talks about brts. its system, components,types; also discusses about brts across globe & its assessment. further it contents three case sudy and also talks about future of BRTS.
Capacity & Level of Service: Highways & Signalized Intersections (Indo-HCM)Vijai Krishnan V
This presentation gives a glimpse on estimating the capacity and Level of Service (LOS) of highway midblock sections and signalized intersections under heterogeneous traffic conditions using the Indo-HCM 2017 Manual. It also compares the Indo-HCM LOS estimation methods with US-HCM. Some practice questions are also included.
I acknowledge the co-author Ms. Sethulakshmi G (Ph. D. Scholar, NIT Surathkal) for her valuable contribution to this presentation.
Origin and Destination ( O-D) Study. defined all types very well with advantages and disadvantages. Introduction of OD, Objective of OD Study
Information required for OD
OD Survey Types
Methodology
Road Side Interview Method
License Plate Method
Tag on Car method
Home Interview method
postal method
online survey method
commercial and public vehilce method survey
OD MATRIX
Desire line diagram and Flow Line diagram
Conclusion and Reference.
Bus system reform in India through JnNURMJaspal Singh
As part of Second Economic Stimulus Package by Government of India (announced on 02nd January 2009), the Government launched a scheme to provide one time assistance to States for the purchase of buses for their Urban transport system and identified 61 mission cities in the first phase. The presentation gives a brief overview of the complete scheme and its current status.
Traffic congestion have a big impact on our personal life, career, future and even our safety. it causes stress, annoy and frustrate us. the traffic jams burns fuel at a higher rate .
The high fuel consumption hiked fares for public means and it also contributes greatly to the amount of emissions of greenhouse gases that create air pollution and eventually global warming.
we trying here partially to solve this problem in critical segments such as bridge, viaduct or tunnel etc. by using Excel simulation for Flow – Density relationship.
Our project is the complete study about both Spot speed studies and Speed delay time survey. This topic is a part of Transportation Engineering. This report helps you to understand this topic in detail. This report will also help you to make project on associated topics in traffic engineering. In spot speed, We discussed regarding various methods available to perform the test, Our team practically performed test and established a speed limit zone near a school. Coming to speed delay time survey, we conducted a survey at a selected stretch and came out with solutions to the problems faced by the vehicle users using that stretch.
Rail rapid transit system, its advantage along with the case study of very successful Delhi metro (india) is presented here. the presentation is purely for educational purposes.
THIS IS JUST AN IMAGINARY THOUGHT,,, IF IT IS BEING INSTALLED IN PAK OR OTHER COUNTRIES WHERE IT COULD HELP TO INCREASE THE ECONOMY
THIS INCLUDE A TRASMITTAL LETTER,ABSTR
Capacity & Level of Service: Highways & Signalized Intersections (Indo-HCM)Vijai Krishnan V
This presentation gives a glimpse on estimating the capacity and Level of Service (LOS) of highway midblock sections and signalized intersections under heterogeneous traffic conditions using the Indo-HCM 2017 Manual. It also compares the Indo-HCM LOS estimation methods with US-HCM. Some practice questions are also included.
I acknowledge the co-author Ms. Sethulakshmi G (Ph. D. Scholar, NIT Surathkal) for her valuable contribution to this presentation.
Origin and Destination ( O-D) Study. defined all types very well with advantages and disadvantages. Introduction of OD, Objective of OD Study
Information required for OD
OD Survey Types
Methodology
Road Side Interview Method
License Plate Method
Tag on Car method
Home Interview method
postal method
online survey method
commercial and public vehilce method survey
OD MATRIX
Desire line diagram and Flow Line diagram
Conclusion and Reference.
Bus system reform in India through JnNURMJaspal Singh
As part of Second Economic Stimulus Package by Government of India (announced on 02nd January 2009), the Government launched a scheme to provide one time assistance to States for the purchase of buses for their Urban transport system and identified 61 mission cities in the first phase. The presentation gives a brief overview of the complete scheme and its current status.
Traffic congestion have a big impact on our personal life, career, future and even our safety. it causes stress, annoy and frustrate us. the traffic jams burns fuel at a higher rate .
The high fuel consumption hiked fares for public means and it also contributes greatly to the amount of emissions of greenhouse gases that create air pollution and eventually global warming.
we trying here partially to solve this problem in critical segments such as bridge, viaduct or tunnel etc. by using Excel simulation for Flow – Density relationship.
Our project is the complete study about both Spot speed studies and Speed delay time survey. This topic is a part of Transportation Engineering. This report helps you to understand this topic in detail. This report will also help you to make project on associated topics in traffic engineering. In spot speed, We discussed regarding various methods available to perform the test, Our team practically performed test and established a speed limit zone near a school. Coming to speed delay time survey, we conducted a survey at a selected stretch and came out with solutions to the problems faced by the vehicle users using that stretch.
Rail rapid transit system, its advantage along with the case study of very successful Delhi metro (india) is presented here. the presentation is purely for educational purposes.
THIS IS JUST AN IMAGINARY THOUGHT,,, IF IT IS BEING INSTALLED IN PAK OR OTHER COUNTRIES WHERE IT COULD HELP TO INCREASE THE ECONOMY
THIS INCLUDE A TRASMITTAL LETTER,ABSTR
The aim of the Mission Swachh Bharat should be to spread cleanliness everywhere and encompass everything - roads, railway tracks, bus stations, railway stations, parks, beaches, shorelines, river banks, reservoirs, lakes, schools colleges, universities and all other public places
Before Metro Bus, CDA completed Feasibility Study on Bus Rapid Transit Project, Islamabad, Pakistan. The indicative capital costs for the BRT system are estimated at US$ 79 million, and annual operating costs at US$ 3.8 million. The report will provide awareness as how much Tax payer money we are wasting in the Metro Bus Project.
× Le transport rapide personnalisé et systèmes de transport automatisés en IndeVéronique SEEL (Michaut)
Rajnish Ahuja New Delhi
La Rochelle, EIGSI Ecole d’ingénieurs généralistes
3ième Edition du Forum des mobilités interrégionales « ENERGIES & TRANSPORT PUBLIC »
India is one of the leading developing countries in the world community today. But, the main obstacle it is facing is its large population and mass transportation. One of the most important aspects where our country is concentrating to work on, for its development is mass transportation. Mass transportation plays a vital role as we always have to think about moving of a large population in very denser area. That's why our Government is planning to implement the new technologies in mass public transportation. There are many new technologies in mass transportation such as Metro rail, Mono Rail, Underground railway, Sky bus Technology, Bus Rapid Transit System (BRTS) etc. In this seminar, we aim to explore Sky Bus Technology.
How can we make traffic flow better so fewer of us are sitting in traffic jams for shorter periods of time – if at all?
Researcher Lina Kattan looks at Intelligent Traffic Systems that optimize the operation, safety and costs of a city’s transportation network through sustainable traffic control and transportation management strategies. These systems are designed to manage traffic congestion, signal controls and prediction of bus and LRT arrivals.
Read on to learn about solutions that are working and how new developments will change the traffic jigsaw in the not-to-distant future.
You can also see the full webinar recording at: http://www.ucalgary.ca/explore/can-we-make-traffic-jams-obsolete
Lan based intelligent traffic light system with emergency service identificationIjrdt Journal
In this paper we implemented a traffic lights control system using LAN technology which has the capability of mimicking human intelligence for controlling traffic lights. It aims to do analysis, design, develop and deploy monitoring and information system jointly with the help of state of the art traffic equipment, to enable the safe and efficient and effective movement of traffic for all road users. In this work we implemented the first based on LAN networking. The aim of this paper is to design and implement the network based car traffic control system. This system mainly comprises of signalized junctions and central computer (sever) that is connected to every traffic signal junction (clients). Its main task is to adjust, in real times, signal timings in response to variation in traffic demand and system capacity. Real time data from traffic controls are collected and transported to a central computer (server) for analysis. The results of this work are reduction in normal recurring, significantly enhanced operational tools congestion to effectively manage traffic incidents, reduced pollution, faster response to reports of faults, improved public transport service, reduction in emergency response times and safer travel and less congestion during road works.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey 2024 by 91mobiles.pdf91mobiles
91mobiles recently conducted a Smart TV Buyer Insights Survey in which we asked over 3,000 respondents about the TV they own, aspects they look at on a new TV, and their TV buying preferences.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
All these questions and more will be explored as we talk about matching clients’ needs with what your agency offers without pulling teeth or pulling your hair out. Practical tips, and strategies for successful relationship building that leads to closing the deal.
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
2. PersonalRapid Transit is a fully automated rail-
based public transportation system.
Ituses small automated electric driven „pod cars‟
with capacity of 4 to 6 people, on a network of
narrow segregated guide ways .
Stations are located on sidings ,with merge/ diverge
points. This approach allows for nonstop, point-to-
point travel, bypassing all intermediate stations.
2
3. It is cost-effective ,provides highly “on-demand”
, congestion free and 24X7 operation.
Any destination can be reached directly, in a private
atmosphere and without intermediate stops or
transfers with very short waiting times.
3
4. NEED OF PRTS !
INCREASING TARNSPORT DEMAND
As the population is increasing so the transport
demand, especially in urban cities where problem of
traffic have become a great concern.
4
5. LIMITED LAND AND FUEL RESOURCES
Mostof the metropolitan cities are already facing
problem of land shortage to manage the growing
population so , its very difficult to extend and
expand roads inside the city.
Depleting natural gas and petroleum reserve is a
major concern, vehicle running on electricity can be
helpful in decreasing load on fossil fuel.
5
6. DEVELOPMENT OF PRTS !
First PRT came into service at West Virginia
University ,Morgantown in 1972.
It has 8.7 miles guide-way with 5 stations and 70 pod
cars with about 15,000 riders per day.
6
7. In
November 2010, a PRT system went into
operation in Masdar City in the UAE. It has only 1.2
km of one-way track, serving the Masdar Institute of
Science and Technology.
SinceSeptember 2011, Heathrow PRT is fully
operational, connecting business car park to the
central terminal 5 area through 3.8 km of guide way
and 18 podcars.
7
8. UPCOMING PROJECTS !
InSuncheon, South Korea , PRT System will
connect Suncheon to the future site of the
International Gardening Festival with 9.8 km
guideway 2 stations and 40 podcars by end of 2013.
In
India, Amritsar will have the first and largest
urban PRT System with route length of total 22km
with 35 stations. The initial phase connects 3.3km
route with 7 stations being 500m apart with cost of
60crore per km with 30 podcars. It will be open for
8
public in 2014.
9. INFRASTRUCTURE
PODCARS :
Fabricated Aluminium „Ladder Frame‟.
Dimensions - 3.7 x 1.47 x 1.8 m
Weighs 850kg with maximum payload of 500kg.
13" Wheels with automotive tubeless radial tyres.
Average speed is 40km/h.
It is of two types on basis of usage :
a) short distance
b) high speed ,high capacity 9
11. GUIDWAYS
The guideways are usually designed as elevated
systems with concrete and steel beams and columns.
Theyare interconnected at “ junctions “ which
allows podcar to select various paths.
Guideway density and extent is determined by
maximum walking distance to nearest station and
number of origin and destination point to be served.
11
13. TypicalElevated Guideway Headroom for main road
crossings is 5.7m whereas 2.5m over pedestal
crossing.
Typicalcolumn weighs 10 tonnes with dead load
requirement of minimum 2.2kN/m².
Guideways can be integrated into existing building
without significant strengthening or modifications.
13
14. STATIONS
Off-linestations are designed with a “siding” track
or so that vehicles not stopping at a particular station
can bypass that station .
Usinga 30 second dwell time, one typical station
bay can serve about 120 Pods per hour.
These stations have all basic facilities ex passenger
interface which allows destination selection
14
console, communications, and segregation doorset.
16. OPERATING COST
Podcars costs 92k USD each and Infrastructure
costs 4.6M USD/km with general formula of overall
cost:
1.23 (1,600 + 67.0(L-5) + 11.0(N-25)) K USD
*per annum
Where L is the length of single track
guideway (km) , N is the number of vehicles
16
*www.niches-transport.org
17. SAFTEY AND SECURITY
No human error so much safer than vehicles on road.
Running gear mechanism to prevent derailment and
grade-separated guideways prevent conflict with
pedestrians or manually controlled vehicles.
Public
transit safety engineering approaches, such as
redundancy and self-diagnosis of critical
systems, are also included in designs.
17
Less crowded so less prone to terrorist attacks.
18. PROPULSION
Electricitypowered 7kw linear induction motors and
rotary motors used.
power is generally transmitted via lineside
conductors
Systems retain a small on-board battery to reach the
next stop after a power-failure increasing the safety
and reducing the complexity, cost and maintenance
of the guideway.
Laser sensors maintains vehicle to prescribed
path. 18
19. SWITCHING
Two types of switching:
Vehicle-switching
permits faster switching
Simplifies the guideway, makes junctions less visually
obtrusive and reduces the impact of malfunctions
Track-switching
replaces in-vehicle mechanisms with larger track-
moving components.
simplifies the vehicles, reducing the number of small
19
moving parts in each car.
20. APPLICATIONS
Airport shutles : connecting parking to terminals etc.
Private property developments : ex educational
institutes , private firms and industry etc.
Shortdistance urban connections: connecting tourists
spots etc.
Fasterouter suburban connections:connecting
industrial areas to city center etc. 20
21. CHARACTERISTICS
PRT is sustainable.
PRT is safe.
PRT produces zero local emission.
Infrastructure fit within most urban fabric.
PRT offers a 24h, on- demand, direct origin to destination
service.
PRT has relatively low capital costs.
21
PRT is accessible for all
22. IMPEDIMENTS TO DEVELOPMENT
There is very less tested.
There is a lack of awareness of the concept.
Would not produce much employment.
Financialrisk as implementing test program requires
substantial finance support .
PRT may attract vandalism and pods may be target of crime.
22
Not feasible for rural areas.
24. Terminal 5 at London Heathrow Airport is connected
to its business passenger car park, by a 3.8 km PRT
system.
Since september 2011 it is fully operational.
The system cost £30 million to develop.
The pods use 50% less energy than a bus.
It
uses 18 podcars that runs 22 hours a day with 24
maximum speed of 40km/h.
25. Operational
statistics in May 2012 demonstrate more
than 99% reliability .
Average passenger wait time over the one year
period of 10 seconds.
25
26. PRT SYSTEM IN AMRITSAR
World’s largest urban PRT system will start in 2014.
3.3km elevated guideway with 7 stations and 30 podcars
running in phase one.
It is a high-capacity system, projecting to carry approx 35
million passengers a year.
At peak capacity the Amritsar system can carry up to
100,000 passengers a day.
26
27. The route will focus on railway and bus stations to the
Golden Temple .
The land area required for transportation will reduce by 30%.
The project costs nearly Rs 250 crore and is to be taken up on
a public-private partnership.
Second phase : 22 km of total length with 35 stations with
cost of Rs 880 crore.
27
29. CONCLUSION
Personal Rapid Transit System is an emerging approach to
sustainable transportation. It fulfils almost all the
requirements of modern transportation.
It provides a good solution to the increasing transportation
demand .
It provides solution to limited land resource and helps in
decreasing burden on fossil fuel resource .
Its cost effectiveness make it accessible to every individual.
29
Thus helps in economic development of the society.
30. REFERENCE
Ultra Personal Rapid Transit System, Heathrow Airport, London, England:
http://www.ultraprt.com/.(Accessed, august 2012)
Alain L. Kornhauser, et al (2004-2005). Personal Rapid Transit for New Jersey:
P.R.T.—the New Mass Transit. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University.
http://www.princeton.edu/~alaink/Orf467F04/NJ%20PRT%20Final%20Small.pdf
Kerr, A.D. et al, Infrastructure Cost Comparisons for PRT and APM, ASCE APM05
Special Sessions on PRT, 2005
“PersonalRapidTransit.” Wikipedia. (Accessed august 2012)
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_rapid_transit
Advanced Transport Systems Ltd. (2003). “Summary Report on ULTra Passenger
Trials.” Provided on CD ROM by ULTra in August 2005
West Virginia University (http://transportation.wvu.edu/prt/)(Accessed, august 2012)
PRTS, Amritsar (http://www.fairwoodindia.com/personal-rapid-transport-system-
amritsar) (Accessed ,august 2012) 30