1. The document analyzes the performance of a 37 watt standalone solar photovoltaic system. 2. It provides the specifications of the system, methodology for testing, and evaluation indexes to analyze the system performance including I-V and P-V curves of the solar panel. 3. The analysis found that the panel characteristics matched theoretical performance curves and the maximum power output was 5.63 watts under halogen irradiation and 24.88 watts under solar irradiation.

1. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF
37 WATT STANDALONE
SPV SYSTEM
Under theGuidanceof :-
Dr. Arbind Kumar
(Mechanical Department)
Presented by :-
ChandraMohan Kumar
MT/ET/10013/2012

2. OUTLINE
 Introduction
 Objectiveof thesiswork
 System under consideration
 Labeled Diagram of thesystem
 Specification of theSystem
 Methodology
 PerformanceEvaluation Index
 Conclusion
 References

3. INTRODUCTION
A substantial rise in global energy demand and growing concern about
shortage of conventional energy reserves as well as environmental issues
have drawn more attention to renewable energy sources. Dependence on
these fossil fuel resources is still on the incline due to high load growth
and high rateof industrialization and economic development.
The Solar energy is one of the most significant sources of renewable
energy. In one hour the Earth receives enough energy from the Sun to
meet itsneedsfor nearly ayear.
 Photovoltaic (PV) energy conversion is often described as the direct
conversion of solar radiation into electricity, by means of the photovoltaic

4.  Photovoltaic cell - isasemiconductor devicethat directly
convertsthe solar energy into electric energy.
 Photovoltaic module -A solar PV modulecan beconsider as
an array of several solar cell connected in seriesand parallel
with largevoltageand current output than asinglesolar cell.

5. Stand-alone photovoltaic powersystems areelectrical
power systemsenergized by photovoltaic panelswhich are
independent of theutility grid.
Stand-alonePV systemsarealso called autonomousPV
systemswhich areindependent Photovoltaic systems. They
arenormally used in remoteor isolated placeswherethe
electric supply from thepower-grid isunavailable.
Element included in stand alonesystem
Solar panel
Chargecontroller
Battery
inverter

6. ObjECTIVE OF ThE PRESENT WORk
Objectiveof my thesiswork isto validate
thePerformanceof 37 watt SPV modulefor
usein standaloneSPV system.

7. SYSTEM UNDER CONSIDERATION
Halogen lamp
Solar panel
Fig : Halogen radiation and PV module

8. LAbELED DIAGRAM
Plotter box
Control Board
Fig : control board and plotter

9. SPECIFICATION OF SYSTEM
Rated power 37 watt
Voltage at maximum power
( Vmp)
16.56 V
Current at maximum power
(Imp)
2.25 A
Open circuit current (Isc) 2.55 A
Total number of cells in series 36
Total number of cells in
parallel
1

10. METHODOLOGY
Halogen light used for radiation instead of sun radiation.
Radiation from halogen isequivalent to sun radiation1000 w/m^2.
Radiation arefalling on solar panels.
Solar panelsareconnected to control board .
Through control board (logger device)
i. Voltage
ii. current
iii. DC load
iv. AC load
v. Inverter I/P,I/Pcurrent and power
vi. Battery current , voltageand power

11. PERFORMANCE EVALUATION AND ANALYSIS OF
SYSTEM
 I-V and P-V characteristicsof moduleat different and radiation
and Temperature.
 I-V and P-V characteristics of two modules are connected in
and Seriesand parallel
 Effect of shading on I-V & P-V characteristic of module
 Working of Bypass diode when two 37 watt module are
connected in series.
 Power flow of stand-alonePV system of DC load with battery.
 Power flow calculation of SPV system of AC load with battery.
 Calculation of inverter efficiency
 Evaluate the Fill factor, Maximum power output And efficiency
of module.

12. EVALUATION INDEX
 P-V characteristics of 37 watt module in Halogen irradiation
Irradiation - 550W/m2 , Temperature- 33 c̊
Voltage Current Power
0 0.44 0
5.9 0.43 2.53
16.1 0.35 5.635
19.3 0.21 4.05
19.6 0.15 2.94
19.7 0.11 2.16
20 0 0

13. EVALUATION INDEX
 I-V characteristic of 37 watt module in Halogen light
Irradiation – 550 W/m2 , Temperature - 33 c̊
Voltage Current Power
0 0.44 0
5.9 0.43 2.53
16.1 0.35 5.635
19.3 0.21 4.05
19.6 0.15 2.94
19.7 0.11 2.16
20 0 0

14. EVALUATION INDEX
 P-V characteristic of 37 watt module in Sun Radiation
Irradiation – 1200 W/m2 , Temperature - 33 c̊
Voltage Current Power
0 2.37 0
17.6 1.39 24.881
18.8 0.86 16.168
19 0.69 13.11
19.5 0.21 4.095
19.6 0.14 2.744
19.6 0.1 1.96
19.6 0 0

15. EVALUATION INDEX
 P-V characteristic of 37 watt module in Sun Radiation
Irradiation – 1200 W/m2 , Temperature - 33 c̊
Voltage Current Power
0 2.37 0
17.6 1.39 24.881
18.8 0.86 16.168
19 0.69 13.11
19.5 0.21 4.095
19.6 0.14 2.744
19.6 0.1 1.96
19.6 0 0

16. EVALUATION INDEX
 P-V and I-V characteristic of Parallel and series connected 37
watt PV module , Halogen irradiation, Radiation – 550w/m2 ,
Temperature - 33 c̊
Is Vs Ps Ip Vp Pp
0.39 0 0 0.88 0.2 0.176
0.37 7.8 2.886 0.63 18.2 11.466
0.34 20.5 6.97 0.31 19.1 5.921
0.3 31.4 9.42 0.22 19.2 4.224
0.26 37 9.62 0.16 19.3 3.088
0.22 37.8 8.316 0.14 19.3 2.702
0 38.1 0 0 19.4 0

17.  P-V curve of Series and Parallel connected
module :Intensity 550 w/m^2

18. I-V CURVE OF PARALLEL
AND SERIES CONNECTED
MODULE

19. EVALUATION INDEX
 P-V and I-V characteristic of Parallel and series connected 37
watt PV module , Sun irradiation, Radiation – 1200w/m2 ,
 Temperature - 33 c̊
Is Vs Ps Ip Vp Pp
2.26 0 1.356 4.69 0 0
1.23 36.3 44.649 3.43 14.5 49.73
0.85 37.4 31.79 0.55 19.3 10.61
0.43 38.8 16.512 0.3 19.5 5.85
0.25 38.8 9.7 0.13 19.5 2.53
0 39 0 0 19.6 0
2.26 0 1.356 4.69 0 0

20.  P-V curve of Series and Parallel connected
module :Intensity 1200 w/m^2

21.  I-V CURVE OF PARALLEL AND SERIES
CONNECTED MODULE

22. TErmINOLgy cONTD…
 Effect of shading on P-V curve of module
Irradiation- 550w/m2, Temperature- 33 c̊
No cell shaded Two cell shaded Nine cell shaded
Voltage Current Power Voltage current power Voltage current power
19.4 0.08 1.552 6.7 0.02 0.134 2.8 0 0
19.3 0.13 2.509 5.4 0.03 0.162 2 0 0
19.1 0.17 3.247 4.6 0.03 0.138 1.6 0 0
18.7 0.23 4.301 4 0.03 0.129 1.1 0 0
17 0.31 5.27 3.2 0.04 0.125 0.8 0 0
11.5 0.33 3.795 2.3 0.05 0.115 0.8 0 0
6.7 0.36 2.412 1.2 0.06 0.072 0.5 0 0
0 0.38 0 0 0.07 0 0 0 0

23. TErmINOLgy cONTD…
 Effect of shading on P-V curve of module
Irradiation- 550w/m2, Temperature- 33 c̊

24. TErmINOLgy cONTD…
 Effect of shading on P-V curve of module
Irradiation- 1200 w/m2 , Temperature- 44 c̊
NO CELL SHADED TWO CELL SHADED NINE CELL SHADED
I V P I V P I V P
2.44 0 0 0.15 0 0 0.06 0 0
1.17 18.5 21.64 0.11 2.6 0.286 0.06 2.1 0.21
0.68 19 12.92 0.1 4.2 0.42 0.06 3.9 0.23
0.56 19.2 10.75 0.09 6.2 0.558 0.06 6.2 0.37
0.33 19.5 6.43 0.08 8.7 0.696 0.05 8.1 0.4
0.17 19.7 3.34 0.07 14.3 1 0.05 10.4 0.52
0 19.8 0 0 16.2 0 0 13.4 0

25. TErmINOLgy cONTD…
 Effect of shading on P-V curve of module
Irradiation- 1200w/m2 , Temperature- 44 c̊

26. without bypass diode with diode
I V P I V P
0 0 0 0.39 0 0
0 0 0 0.36 9.3 3.348
0 0 0 0.28 17 4.76
0 0 0 0.18 17.8 3.204
0 0 0 0.13 18 2.34
0 0 0 0.11 18.1 1.991
0 0 0 0.09 18.2 1.638
0 0 0 0 18.2 1.456

27.  P-V curve of module in Halogen light
Irradiation- 550w/m2 , Temperature - 33 c̊

28. without bypass diode with diode
I V P I V P
0 0 0 2.37 0 0
0 0 0 1.39 17.6 24.881
0 0 0 0.86 18.8 16.168
0 0 0 0.69 19 13.11
0 0 0 0.21 19.5 4.095
0 0 0 0.14 19.6 2.744
0 0 0 0.1 19.6 1.96
0 0 0 0 19.6 0

29.  P-V curve of module in solar
Irradiation-1200w/m2
, Temperature - 43 c̊

30. POWER FLOW OF STAND-ALONE PV SYSTEM OF
DC LOAD WITH BATTERY
Module
Array
current
Array
voltage
Array
power
Load
current
Load
voltage
Load
power
Battery
current
Battery
voltage
Battery
power
Single
module
0.33 12.4 5.991 0.403 12.5 5.037 0.076 12.5 0.95
Parallel
module
0.85 13.1 10.708 0.404 13.1 5.2924 0.44 12.2 5.368
Array power = DC Load power + Battery power + power loss by charge
controller
= 5.037 + 0.95 + 0.0484
= 5.991watt (Single module)
And from table,
For parallel connected module = 10.708 watt

31. POWER FLOW CALCULATION OF SPV SYSTEM
OF AC LOAD WITH BATTERY
Module
Array
current
Array
voltage
Array
power
Inverter
i/p
current
inverter
i/p
voltage
Inverter
i/p
power
Battery
current
Battery
voltage
Battery
power
Single
module
0.14 12.1 10.246 0.695 12 8.34 0.546 12.1 6.606
Parallel
module
0.31 12.1 12.442 0.665 12.1 8.0465 0.36 12.2 4.392
Array power = Inverter input power + Battery power + loss due to charge
controller
= 8.046 + 4.392 + 0.048
= 12.48 watt

32. CALCULATION OF INVERTER EFFICIENCY
Module
Configuration
Inverter
I/P
current
Inverter
I/P
voltage
Inverter
I/P
power
AC Load
current
AC Load
voltage
AC
Load
power
Inverter
efficiency
Single
Module 0.726 11.8 8.5668 0.023 232 5.336 62.28
Parallel
connected
Module 0.656 12.1 7.9376 0.022 234 5.148 64.85
Inverter efficiency = (AC load power* 100) / inverter input power
= (5.148* 100) / 7.937
= 65%

33. CONCLUSION
1. Themodulecharacteristicsi.e. I-V and P-V curveobtained for the
modulesampleisin accordancewith thetheoretical characteristicsof
PV module.
2. Theseriesand parallel combination of PV moduleand their
characteristicsisalso found in accordancewith thestandard
performancecurveof areferencemodule.
3. TheFF factor – 60%,Maximum power output of modulein halogen
irradiation- 5.63watt , and Maximum power output in solar irradiation -
24.88 watt,
Efficiency of modulein halogen irradiation – 5.10% and in
Solar radiation -12%.
4.Theeffect of shading on SPV modulealso justified thestandard
pattern.
5.Theefficiency of inverter is 65% ,which isclosed to theefficiency of
astandard inverter considering thesameintensity of radiation.

34. REFERENCES
.Solanki C. S.,”Solar Photovoltaic Fundamental Technology
and Application”,PHI Pvt Ltd.2009.
.Khan.B.H., “ Non-conventional energy resources”, Pvt
Ltd.2009.
.S. Haykins , “Neural Networks: A comprehensive
Foundation”, Prentice Hall International 1999.
.Seizing and designing a stand alone pv electricity generation
system, ISBN-978-1-4577-1280-7, BY-P.SUNDRAM