This document summarizes the design and performance analysis of a 500 kW solar PV system installed across four rooftop sites at Integral University in Lucknow, India. It provides details on the installed capacity, meteorological data, module and inverter specifications, and results of PV*Sol simulations for each site. The simulations estimate annual energy yields, performance ratios, grid feed-in, and carbon emissions avoided for both the existing and optimized system designs at each site. Comparisons of the results indicate that optimizing the system designs provides improvements in performance.

1. Design and Performance Analysis
of 500 KWP On-Grid Solar PV
System
Amro Sadul Quddus
1300167009 DD SPVE

2. Installed Capacity of Rooftops
1. BNLT Block: 91 KWP
2. Medical Phase I: 100 KWP
3. Academic Block: 198 KWP
4. Civil Block: 111 KWP

3. Meteorological Data of Installation Site
Peak Sun Hours:
Daily irradiation is commonly
referred to as Peak Sun Hours.
Its unit is KWh/m2/day.
Month PSH
26̊ Tilt
Jan 4.93
Feb 6.02
Mar 6.65
Apr 6.50
May 6.14
June 5.25
Jul 4.37
Aug 4.29
Sep 4.68
Oct 5.79
Nov 5.58
Dec 5.02
Avg 5.43

4. Air Temperature:
26.95
N,
81.00
E
Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Yearly
Avg
22
Year
Avg
15.8 19.5 25.3 30.0 31.2 30.6 28.7 27.9 26.6 24.3 20.7 16.7 24.8
Min 10.4 14.0 19.5 24.3 26.6 27.2 26.1 25.5 23.9 19.6 15.0 11.2 20.3
Max 21.8 25.1 30.7 34.9 35.3 33.7 31.1 30.4 29.7 29.4 27.3 23.4 29.4

5. PV Module Specifications
Polycrystalline
WP 320 W
VMPP 37.65 V
VOC 45.96 V
ISC 9.03 A
Efficiency 16.67%
TCoeff of VOC -0.310%/ ̊ C
TCoeff of VMP -0.409%/ ̊ C
TCoeff of ISC +0.052%/ ̊ C

6. Inverter Specifications
66 kVA Schneider Inverter:
Max DC input voltage 1000 V
MPPT voltage range 570-850 V
Max array short circuit current 140 A
No. of MPPT / max. no. of inputs per MPPT 1/14
AC output power 66 KW
Output voltage range 310-480 V
Max continous output current 96 A

7. 25 kVA Schneider Inverter:
Max DC input voltage, open circuit 1000 V
MPPT voltage range 350 - 800 V
Number of MPPT / strings per MPPT 2 / 4
Max array short circuit current per MPPT 40.0 A
Rated output power (PF=1) 20.0 kW
AC voltage range 184 - 276 V / 319-478 V
Max output current 30.0 A

8. 20 kVA Schneider Inverter:
Max DC input voltage, open circuit 1000 V
MPPT voltage range 430 - 800 V
Number of MPPT / strings per MPPT 2 / 4
Max array short circuit current per MPPT 40.0 A
Rated output power (PF=1) 25.0 kW
AC voltage range 184 - 276 V / 319-478 V
Max output current 37.0 A

9. BNLT Block
Installed Capacity 91 kWP
Total modules 340
Inverter 66 kVA x 1, 25 kVA x 1
Wattage of module 320 WP
Tilt 15 ̊
Orientation South

10. Circuit Diagram of Existing System

11. Tilt of Module
When 90 ̊ angle between Sun & module
Max energy will be collected
Tilt (β) = 180 - 90 - Altitude of Sun

12. Latitude of Integral University 26.57 ̊ N.
Altitude of Sun at solar noon on equinox @ I.U.L
 γc=90-latitude (equinox, Mar 21st / Sep 23rd)
→ 90 - 26.57 ̊ N = 63.43 ̊ S
Tilt (β) = 180 - 90 - Altitude of Sun
→ 180 - 90 - 63.43 ̊ S = 26.57 ≈ 27̊
Rooftop height of BNLT Blcok ≈ 22 m
Tilt of module in existing system 15 ̊

13. PV Array & Inverter Matching
66 KVA Inverter - PV Array Matching:
Temperature
Maximum cell temp 70 ̊C (ambient temp + 25 = max cell temp)
Minimum cell temp 2 ̊C (min site temp)
Voltage Matching
Inverter's input voltage ÷ [V@ X ̊C = {V@ STC -[γV x (TX ̊C - TSTC)]}]
Minimum number of modules 19
Maximum number of modules 20 ← existing system

14. Current Matching
Max current input of inverter ÷{ISC Cell Eff = I SC-STC +[γI SC x (TCell
Eff - TSTC)]}
Maximum number of string 12 ← existing system
Power Matching
Maximum no. of module = Inverter's max PV array rated power ÷ rated
power of module
Maximum number of modules 240 ← existing system

15. 25 KVA Inverter - PV Array Matching:
Temperature
Maximum cell temp 70 ̊C (ambient temp + 25 = max cell temp)
Minimum cell temp 2 ̊C (min site temp)
Voltage Matching
Inverter's input voltage ÷ [V@ X ̊C = {V@ STC -[γV x (TX ̊C - TSTC)]}]
Minimum number of modules 14
Maximum number of modules 20 ← existing system

16. Current Matching
Max current input of inverter ÷{ISC Cell Eff = I SC-STC +[γI SC x (TCell
Eff - TSTC)]}
Maximum number of string 8
Actual no. of string 5
Power Matching
Maximum no. of module = Inverter's max PV array rated power /
rated power of module
Maximum number of modules 100 ← existing system

17. PV*Sol Simulation
PV Generator Output = 108.8 kWP
Spec. Annual Yield = 1532.44 kWh/kWP
Performance Ratio (PR) = 79.9%
Grid Feed-in = 166,729 kWh/Year
CO₂Emissions avoided = 100,038 kg/Year

18. Energy Flow Graph

19. Production Forecast

20. Module Temp vs Grid Feed-in Curve for
a Period of 1 Month (March)

21. Production forecast per inverter
(Schneider 66 kW and 25 kW)

22. PV Energy Output Forecast for a Period
of 21 Years

23. Circuit Diagram of Optimized System

24. PV*Sol Simulation
PV Generator Output = 108.8 kWP
Spec. Annual Yield = 1538.26 kWh/kWP
Performance Ratio (PR) = 80.1%
Grid Feed-in = 167,363 kWh/Year
CO₂Emissions avoided = 100,418 kg/Year

25. Energy Flow Graph

26. Production Forecast

27. Module Temp vs Grid Feed-in Curve for
a Period of 1 Month (March)

28. Production forecast per inverter
(Schneider 66 kW and 25 kW)

29. PV Energy Output Forecast for a Period
of 21 Years

30. Comparison of Results

31. Medical Phase I
Installed Capacity 100 kWP
Total modules 400
Inverter 25 kVA x 4
Wattage of module 320 WP
Tilt 15 ̊
Orientation South

32. Circuit Diagram of Existing System

33. Tilt of Module
When 90 ̊ angle between Sun & module
Max energy will be collected
Tilt (β) = 180 - 90 - Altitude of Sun

34. Latitude of Integral University 26.57 ̊ N.
Altitude of Sun at solar noon on equinox @ I.U.L
 γc=90-latitude (equinox, Mar 21st / Sep 23rd)
→ 90 - 26.57 ̊ N = 63.43 ̊ S
Tilt (β) = 180 - 90 - Altitude of Sun
→ 180 - 90 - 63.43 ̊ S = 26.57 ≈ 27̊
Rooftop height of Medical Phase I ≈ 14 m
Tilt of module in existing system 15 ̊

35. PV Array & Inverter Matching
25 KVA Inverter - PV Array Matching:
Temperature
Maximum cell temp 70 ̊C (ambient temp + 25 = max cell temp)
Minimum cell temp 2 ̊C (min site temp)
Voltage Matching
Inverter's input voltage ÷ [V@ X ̊C = {V@ STC -[γV x (TX ̊C - TSTC)]}]
Minimum number of modules 14
Maximum number of modules 20 ← existing system

36. Current Matching
Max current input of inverter ÷ {ISC Cell Eff = I SC-STC +[γI SC x (TCell Eff
- TSTC)]}
Maximum number of string 8
Actual no. of string 5
Power Matching
Maximum no. of module = Inverter's max PV array rated power ÷
rated power of module
Maximum number of modules 100
4 x 25kVA inverter, total no. of modules 400

37. PV*Sol Simulation
PV Generator Output = 128 kWP
Spec. Annual Yield = 1516.16 kWh/kWP
Performance Ratio (PR) = 79.1%
Grid Feed-in = 194,068 kWh/Year
CO₂Emissions avoided = 116,441 kg/Year

38. Energy Flow Graph

39. Production Forecast

40. Module Temp vs Grid Feed-in Curve for
a Period of 1 Month (March)

41. PV Energy Output Forecast for a Period
of 21 Years

42. Circuit Diagram of Optimized System

43. PV*Sol Simulation Results
PV Generator Output = 128 kWP
Spec. Annual Yield = 1521.11 kWh/kWP
Performance Ratio (PR) = 79.2%
Grid Feed-in = 194,702 kWh/Year
CO₂Emissions avoided = 116,821 kg/Year

44. Energy Flow Graph

45. Production Forecast

46. Module Temp vs Grid Feed-in Curve for
a Period of 1 Month (March)

47. Production forecast of inverter
(Schneider 25 kW × 4)

48. PV Energy Output Forecast for a Period
of 21 Years

49. Comparison of Results

50. Academic Block
Installed Capacity 198 kWP
Total modules 720
Inverter 66 kVA x 3
Wattage of module 320 WP
Tilt 15 ̊
Orientation South

51. Circuit Diagram of Existing System

52. Tilt of Module
When 90 ̊ angle between Sun & module
Max energy will be collected
Tilt (β) = 180 - 90 - Altitude of Sun

53. Latitude of Integral University 26.57 ̊ N.
Altitude of Sun at solar noon on equinox @ I.U.L
 γc=90-latitude (equinox, Mar 21st / Sep 23rd)
→ 90 - 26.57 ̊ N = 63.43 ̊ S
Tilt (β) = 180 - 90 - Altitude of Sun
→ 180 - 90 - 63.43 ̊ S = 26.57 ≈ 27 ̊
Rooftop height of Academic Blcok ≈ 12 m
Tilt of module in existing system 15 ̊

54. PV Array & Inverter Matching
66 KVA Inverter - PV Array Matching:
Temperature
Maximum cell temp 70 ̊C (ambient temp + 25 = max cell temp)
Minimum cell temp 2 ̊C (min site temp)
Voltage Matching
Inverter's input voltage ÷ [V@ X ̊C = {V@ STC -[γV x (TX ̊C - TSTC)]}]
Minimum number of modules 19
Maximum number of modules 20 ← existing system

55. Current Matching
Max current input of inverter ÷ {ISC Cell Eff = I SC-STC +[γI SC x (TCell
Eff - TSTC)]}
Maximum number of string 12 ← existing system
Power Matching
Maximum no. of module = Inverter's max PV array rated power ÷ rated
power of module
Maximum number of modules 240
3 x 66 kVA inverter, total no. of modules 720

56. PV*Sol Simulation
PV Generator Output = 230.4 kWP
Spec. Annual Yield = 1539.23 kWh/kWP
Performance Ratio (PR) = 80.3%
Grid Feed-in = 354,638 kWh/Year
CO₂Emissions avoided = 212,783 kg/Year

57. Energy Flow Graph

58. Production Forecast

59. Module Temp vs Grid Feed-in Curve for
a Period of 1 Month (March)

60. Production forecast of inverter
(Schneider 66 kW × 3)

61. PV Energy Output Forecast for a Period
of 21 Years

62. Circuit Diagram of Optimized System

63. PV*Sol Simulation
PV Generator Output = 230.4 kWP
Spec. Annual Yield = 1546.49 kWh/kWP
Performance Ratio (PR) = 80.6%
Grid Feed-in = 356,311 kWh/Year
CO₂Emissions avoided = 213,787 kg/Year

64. Energy Flow Graph

65. Production Forecast

66. Module Temp vs Grid Feed-in Curve for
a Period of 1 Month (March)

67. Production forecast of inverter
(Schneider 66 kW × 3)

68. PV Energy Output Forecast for a Period
of 21 Years

69. Comparison of Results

70. Civil Block
Installed Capacity 111 kWP
Total modules 417
Inverter 66 kVA x 1,25 kVA x 1,20 kVA x 1,
Wattage of module 320 WP
Tilt 15 ̊
Orientation South

71. Circuit Diagram of Existing System

72. Tilt of Module
When 90 ̊ angle between Sun & module
Max energy will be collected
Tilt (β) = 180 - 90 - Altitude of Sun

73. Latitude of Integral University 26.57 ̊ N.
Altitude of Sun at solar noon on equinox @ I.U.L
 γc=90-latitude (equinox, Mar 21st / Sep 23rd)
→ 90 - 26.57 ̊ N = 63.43 ̊ S
Tilt (β) = 180 - 90 - Altitude of Sun
→ 180 - 90 - 63.43 ̊ S = 26.57
Rooftop height of Civil Blcok ≈ 15 m.
Tilt of module in existing system 15 ̊

74. PV Array & Inverter Matching
66 KVA Inverter - PV Array Matching:
Temperature
Maximum cell temp 70 ̊C (ambient temp + 25 = max cell temp)
Minimum cell temp 2 ̊C (min site temp)
Voltage Matching
Inverter's input voltage ÷ [V@ X ̊C = {V@ STC -[γV x (TX ̊C - TSTC)]}]
Minimum number of modules 19 ← existing system
Maximum number of modules 20

75. Current Matching
Max current input of inverter ÷ {ISC Cell Eff = I SC-STC +[γI SC x (TCell
Eff - TSTC)]}
Maximum number of string 12
Actual no. of string 13
Power Matching
Maximum no. of module = Inverter's max PV array rated power ÷ rated
power of module
Maximum number of modules 240
Actual no. of modules 247

76. 25 KVA Inverter - PV Array Matching:
Temperature
Maximum cell temp 70 ̊C (ambient temp + 25 = max cell temp)
Minimum cell temp 2 ̊C (min site temp)
Voltage Matching
Inverter's input voltage ÷ [V@ X ̊C = {V@ STC -[γV x (TX ̊C - TSTC)]}]
Minimum number of modules 14
Maximum number of modules 20
Number of modules per string 18

77. Current Matching
Max current input of inverter ÷ {ISC Cell Eff = I SC-STC +[γI SC x (TCell Eff
- TSTC)]}
Maximum number of string 8
Actual no. of string 5
Power Matching
Maximum no. of module = Inverter's max PV array rated power ÷
rated power of module
Maximum number of modules 100
Actual no. of modules 90

78. 20 KVA Inverter - PV Array Matching:
Temperature
Maximum cell temp 70 ̊C (ambient temp + 25 = max cell temp)
Minimum cell temp 2 ̊C (min site temp)
Voltage Matching
Inverter's input voltage ÷ [V@ X ̊C = {V@ STC -[γV x (TX ̊C - TSTC)]}]
Minimum number of modules 12
Maximum number of modules 20 ← existing system

79. Current Matching
Max current input of inverter ÷ {ISC Cell Eff = I SC-STC +[γI SC x (TCell Eff
- TSTC)]}
Maximum number of string 8
Actual no.of string 4
Power Matching
Maximum no. of module = Inverter's max PV array rated power ÷
rated power of module
Maximum number of modules 80
Actual no. of modules 80

80. PV*Sol Simulation
PV Generator Output = 133.4 kWP
Spec. Annual Yield = 1530.80 kWh/kWP
Performance Ratio (PR) = 79.8%
Grid Feed-in = 204,271 kWh/Year
CO₂Emissions avoided = 122,562 kg/Year

81. Energy Flow Graph

82. Production Forecast

83. Module Temp vs Grid Feed-in Curve for
a Period of 1 Month (March)

84. Production forecast of inverter
(Schneider 25 kW × 1, 20 kW × 1, 66 kW
× 1)

85. PV Energy Output Forecast for a Period
of 21 Years

86. Circuit Diagram of Optimized System

87. PV*Sol Simulation
PV Generator Output = 133.4 kWP
Spec. Annual Yield = 1537.37 kWh/kWP
Performance Ratio (PR) = 80.1%
Grid Feed-in = 205,146 kWh/Year
CO₂Emissions avoided = 123,088 kg/Year

88. Energy Flow Graph

89. Production Forecast

90. Module Temp vs Grid Feed-in Curve for
a Period of 1 Month (March)

91. Production forecast of inverter
(Schneider 25 kW × 1, 20 kW × 1, 66 kW
× 1)

92. PV Energy Output Forecast for a Period
of 21 Years

93. Comparison of Results