This ppt gives you the basic introduction, talks about it's inception, the basic physics behind it and mainly the fabrication process and after that it discusses the uses and future prospects of it.
Solar cell is the device that converts energy of light directly into electrical energy (electricity) by photovoltaic effect In general, a solar cell that includes both solar and non solar sources of light
(such as photons from incandescent bulbs) is termed a photovoltaic cell. Solar cell is also know as photovoltaic cell
Most familiar solar cells are based on the effect
of photovoltaic In this effect, light falling on semiconductor device of the two layer produces a potential difference or photo voltage between the layers The voltage thus produced can drive a current through an external circuit producing useful work
This ppt gives you the basic introduction, talks about it's inception, the basic physics behind it and mainly the fabrication process and after that it discusses the uses and future prospects of it.
Solar cell is the device that converts energy of light directly into electrical energy (electricity) by photovoltaic effect In general, a solar cell that includes both solar and non solar sources of light
(such as photons from incandescent bulbs) is termed a photovoltaic cell. Solar cell is also know as photovoltaic cell
Most familiar solar cells are based on the effect
of photovoltaic In this effect, light falling on semiconductor device of the two layer produces a potential difference or photo voltage between the layers The voltage thus produced can drive a current through an external circuit producing useful work
The most common type of solar cells are Photovoltaic Cells (PV cells)
Converts sunlight directly into electricity
Cells are made of a semiconductor material (eg. silicon)
Light strikes the PV cell, and a certain portion is absorbed
The light energy (in the form of photons) knocks electrons loose, allowing them to flow freely, forming a current
Metal contacts on the top and bottom of PV cell draws off the current to use externally as power
Q: What is photovoltaics (solar electricity) or "PV"?
A: What do we mean by photovoltaics? The word itself helps to explain how photovoltaic (PV) or solar
electric technologies work. First used in about 1890, the word has two parts: photo, a stem derived from
the Greek phos, which means light, and volt, a measurement unit named for Alessandro Volta
(1745-1827), a pioneer in the study of electricity. So, photovoltaics could literally be translated as
light-electricity. And that's just what photovoltaic materials and devices do; they convert light energy to
electricity, as Edmond Becquerel and others discovered in the 18th Century.
Q: How can we get electricity from the sun?
A: When certain semiconducting materials, such as certain kinds of silicon, are exposed to sunlight, they
release small amounts of electricity. This process is known as the photoelectric effect. The photoelectric
effect refers to the emission, or ejection, of electrons from the surface of a metal in response to light. It
is the basic physical process in which a solar electric or photovoltaic (PV) cell converts sunlight to
electricity.
Sunlight is made up of photons, or particles of solar energy. Photons contain various amounts of energy,
corresponding to the different wavelengths of the solar spectrum. When photons strike a PV cell, they
may be reflected or absorbed, or they may pass right through. Only the absorbed photons generate
electricity. When this happens, the energy of the photon is transferred to an electron in an atom of the
PV cell (which is actually a semiconductor).
With its newfound energy, the electron escapes from its normal position in an atom of the
semiconductor material and becomes part of the current in an electrical circuit. By leaving its position,
the electron causes a hole to form. Special electrical properties of the PV cell—a built-in electric
field—provide the voltage needed to drive the current through an external load (such as a light bulb).
Q: What are the components of a photovoltaic (PV) system?
A: A PV system is made up of different components. These include PV modules (groups of PV cells),
which are commonly called PV panels; one or more batteries; a charge regulator or controller for a
stand-alone system; an inverter for a utility-grid-connected system and when alternating current (ac)
rather than direct current (dc) is required; wiring; and mounting hardware or a framework.
Q: How long do photovoltaic (PV) systems last?
A: A PV system that is designed, installed, and maintained well will operate for more than 20 years. The
basic PV module (interconnected, enclosed panel of PV cells) has no moving parts and can last more than
30 years. The best way to ensure and extend the life and effectiveness of your PV system is by having it
installed and maintained properly. Experience has shown that most problems occur because of poor or
sloppy system installation.
This new minute lecture gives an introduction to photovoltaic (PV) systems for residential use, providing an answer to following questions:
* How does a PV system work?
* What can be expected from a PV system?
* What types of systems are available?
* How is technology expected to evolve?
introduction,advantage and disadvantage of solar energy,Generation of solar cell: 1st 2nd 3rd generation solar cell , I-V characteristics, working,application, efficiency data and advantage solar cell.
A solar cell (photovoltaic devices) is a pn junction device with no voltage directly applied across the junction (used with zero bias).
A photodiode is a pn junction diode operated with an applied reverse-biased voltage.
The most common type of solar cells are Photovoltaic Cells (PV cells)
Converts sunlight directly into electricity
Cells are made of a semiconductor material (eg. silicon)
Light strikes the PV cell, and a certain portion is absorbed
The light energy (in the form of photons) knocks electrons loose, allowing them to flow freely, forming a current
Metal contacts on the top and bottom of PV cell draws off the current to use externally as power
Q: What is photovoltaics (solar electricity) or "PV"?
A: What do we mean by photovoltaics? The word itself helps to explain how photovoltaic (PV) or solar
electric technologies work. First used in about 1890, the word has two parts: photo, a stem derived from
the Greek phos, which means light, and volt, a measurement unit named for Alessandro Volta
(1745-1827), a pioneer in the study of electricity. So, photovoltaics could literally be translated as
light-electricity. And that's just what photovoltaic materials and devices do; they convert light energy to
electricity, as Edmond Becquerel and others discovered in the 18th Century.
Q: How can we get electricity from the sun?
A: When certain semiconducting materials, such as certain kinds of silicon, are exposed to sunlight, they
release small amounts of electricity. This process is known as the photoelectric effect. The photoelectric
effect refers to the emission, or ejection, of electrons from the surface of a metal in response to light. It
is the basic physical process in which a solar electric or photovoltaic (PV) cell converts sunlight to
electricity.
Sunlight is made up of photons, or particles of solar energy. Photons contain various amounts of energy,
corresponding to the different wavelengths of the solar spectrum. When photons strike a PV cell, they
may be reflected or absorbed, or they may pass right through. Only the absorbed photons generate
electricity. When this happens, the energy of the photon is transferred to an electron in an atom of the
PV cell (which is actually a semiconductor).
With its newfound energy, the electron escapes from its normal position in an atom of the
semiconductor material and becomes part of the current in an electrical circuit. By leaving its position,
the electron causes a hole to form. Special electrical properties of the PV cell—a built-in electric
field—provide the voltage needed to drive the current through an external load (such as a light bulb).
Q: What are the components of a photovoltaic (PV) system?
A: A PV system is made up of different components. These include PV modules (groups of PV cells),
which are commonly called PV panels; one or more batteries; a charge regulator or controller for a
stand-alone system; an inverter for a utility-grid-connected system and when alternating current (ac)
rather than direct current (dc) is required; wiring; and mounting hardware or a framework.
Q: How long do photovoltaic (PV) systems last?
A: A PV system that is designed, installed, and maintained well will operate for more than 20 years. The
basic PV module (interconnected, enclosed panel of PV cells) has no moving parts and can last more than
30 years. The best way to ensure and extend the life and effectiveness of your PV system is by having it
installed and maintained properly. Experience has shown that most problems occur because of poor or
sloppy system installation.
This new minute lecture gives an introduction to photovoltaic (PV) systems for residential use, providing an answer to following questions:
* How does a PV system work?
* What can be expected from a PV system?
* What types of systems are available?
* How is technology expected to evolve?
introduction,advantage and disadvantage of solar energy,Generation of solar cell: 1st 2nd 3rd generation solar cell , I-V characteristics, working,application, efficiency data and advantage solar cell.
A solar cell (photovoltaic devices) is a pn junction device with no voltage directly applied across the junction (used with zero bias).
A photodiode is a pn junction diode operated with an applied reverse-biased voltage.
photovoltaics cell pv cell solar cell Gautam Singh
this ppt tells about the how energy get from solar energy. it also tell about the new element that is graphene. it also tell about how semiconductor works
A complete presentation on solar cells.
It includes working of solar cells,solar cell Models, parameters,Applications,solar energy harvesting,Generation wise comparison of solar cells,Kitchen made solar cells.This presentation can be a wild card entry to the arena of solar cells.
Solar World is a leading manufacture of Solar Panels (PV or Photovoltaic's). They explain how PV's are made from the highly pure silicon crystal structure (solar wafers) to solar panel
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1. PHOTO VOLTAIC GENERATORS
As name indicates
PHOTO = light
VOLTAIC = volts
PHOTVOLTAICS IS A METHOD of generating
electrical power by converting solar
radiation into direct
current electricity using semiconductors that exhibit
the Photovoltaic effect.
2. WHAT IS PHOTO VOLTAIC EFFECT?
Photovoltaic effect is the basis of photo voltaic
power generation.
The photovoltaic effect is the creation
of voltage or electric current in a material upon
exposure to light.
4. WHAT IS PHOTO VOLTAIC EFFECT?
•
When the sunlight or any other light is
incident upon a material surface, the
electrons present in the valence
band absorb energy and, being excited,
jump to the conduction band and become
free. These highly excited electrons jump
into a different material (electrodes). This
generates an electromotive force, and
thus some of the light energy is converted
into electric energy which means energy is
generated in this way.
5. FABRICATION OF SOLAR/PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL
In
1883, first photo voltaic cell was made by
Charles Fritts, who coated
the semiconductor selenium with an
extremely thin layer of gold to form the
junctions.
It was only 1% efficient.
To understand the fabrication of solar cells
we need to understand some basics,……….
7. FABRICATION OF SOLAR CELLS
The first practical photovoltaic cell was developed
in 1954 at Bell Laboratories .They used a diffused
silicon p–n junction that reached 6% efficiency,
compared to the selenium cells.
Most practical solar cells are silicon based ,
because it is cheap and abundant material.
8. STEPS OF FABRICATION
First step is refining silicon
Silicon dioxide (SiO2) is the most abundant mineral
in the earth's crust.
The manufacture of the hyper pure silicon for
photovoltaics starts with locating a source of silicon
dioxide in the form of sand.
The silica is reduced (oxygen removed) through a
reaction with carbon in the form of coal, charcoal
and heating to 1500-2000 °C in an electrode arc
furnace.
9. STEPS OF FABRICATION
oSilicon di oxide + Carbon = Silicon + Carbon di oxide
oThe resulting silicon is 98% pure. It contains Fe, Al, and
B , to remove these traces , further purification is
done ,
Powdered Si is reacted with anhydrous HCl
at 300 C to form SiHCl3
10. STEPS OF FABRICATION
•During this reaction impurities such as Fe, Al, and B react
to form their halides (e.g. FeCl3, AlCl3, and BCl3).
•The SiHCl3 has a low boiling point of 31.8 C and
distillation is used to purify the SiHCl3 from the
impurity halides.
•Finally, the pure SiHCl3 is reacted with hydrogen at 1100 C
for ~200 – 300 hours to produce a very pure form of silicon.
11. STEPS OF FABRICATION
Above reaction takes place inside large vacuum
chambers and the silicon is deposited onto thin
polysilicon rods (small grain size silicon) to produce
high-purity polysilicon rods of diameter 150-200mm.
Silicon used for solar cells can be single crystalline,
multi crystalline, polycrystalline or amorphous. The
key difference between these materials is degree to
which the semiconductor has a regular, perfectly
ordered crystal structure.
12. STEPS OF FABRICATION
AFTER GETTING THE REQUIRED SILICON
FROM ABOVE MENTIONED CHEMICAL
PROCEDURE , different methods of solar cells
fabrication are applied , each method involves
doping of silicon to make p-n junction , and
required processes to make a furnished solar cell.
13. METHODS OF FABRICATION
1) SCREEN PRINTED SOLAR CELL
FABRICATION TECHNOLOGY
Screen-printed solar cells were first developed in
the 1970's. Most mature solar cell fabrication
technology. The key advantage of screen-printing is
the relative simplicity of the process.
It involves cutting a wafer of 10*10 square cm
,0.5mm thick , this wafer is then p-type doped with
born to add up holes .
29. BURIED CONTACT FABRICATION TECHNOLOGY
The buried contact solar cell is a high efficiency
commercial solar cell technology based on a plated
metal contact inside a laser-formed groove.
Buried contact solar cell to have performance up to
25% better than commercial screen-printed solar
cells.
Shading losses are 2 to 3%.
without having a wide strip of metal on the top
surface as in last case, and a large metal height-towidth aspect ratio increases the efficiency of cell.
30. RECENT FABRICATION RESEARCHES
To further increase efficiencies of solar cells , it is
found useful to modify the structures of solar cells
to maximize the life of cells as well as to increase
their power rating .
Some new structures are shown next……
32. USE OF SOLAR CELLS FOR SPACE VEHICLES
Invention of solar cells for practical scales and their
implementation for power generation in space
vehicles has modified and eased the space
research work.
Solar panels are shaped and fixed on the body of
space vehicle .
Sine sun rays need no any medium to flow , these
rays are available in space and are utilized by solar
cells for power requirements of space vehicles.
So in space vehicles , D.C batteries are only used
for power storage , and they are not the only source
of power generation , as solar cells are installed
33. USE OF SOLAR CELLS IN SPACE FOR EARTH
The solar energy available in space is literally
billions of times greater than we use today.
Americans are working on to gathers energy from
sunlight in space and transmits it wirelessly to Earth
i.e. SPACED BASED SOLAR POWER PROJECT
Space solar power is by far the largest potential
energy source available.
A lot of work is to be done in this context.