Peoples' Participation in Local Governance
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Citizen participation refers to individuals influencing public decisions and has roots in ancient Greece and Colonial New England. It includes all forms of political, social, cultural, or economic engagement alone or in combination. Examples of participation are voting, petitioning, campaigning, demonstrating, serving in government roles, and civic duties. Government types that limit participation are autocracy like dictatorships and absolute monarchies, while democracy values individual freedom and involves citizens in decision making through elections and representation of all groups.
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This document discusses concepts related to urbanization, urbanism, and cities. Some key points:
- Urbanization is defined as the process of populations moving from rural to urban areas, causing cities and towns to grow. It is influenced by economic, political, and social advantages of urban living.
- Urbanism refers to the way of life in cities, and the social and cultural consequences of dense, heterogeneous urban populations. It involves more competition, specialization, and impersonal relationships than rural areas.
- New Urbanism is an urban planning movement that promotes walkable, mixed-use neighborhoods to encourage healthier, more sustainable living. It aims to build a sense of community while adopting ecological practices.
Lecture on Rural Development Feb 24.pptx
The document discusses different approaches to rural development:
1. Past anti-poverty efforts in the Philippines from the 1960s to 1990s by successive presidents met with little success, as described by one observer.
2. A theory of change approach helps identify effective solutions to address the underlying causes of problems hindering progress, considering the UN's comparative advantages.
3. Key principles for developing a theory of change include developing it consultatively to reflect stakeholders' understanding, grounding it in evidence, and supporting continuous learning.
Lecture Presentation on Project Proposal
The document provides guidance on writing an effective project proposal. It begins with definitions of key project terms like project, project life cycle, and goals. It then explains why project proposals are needed, such as to get approval, funding, and buy-in. The document outlines the main components of a strong project proposal, including an executive summary, background information, proposed solution, defined deliverables and goals, timeline, budget, and required resources. It emphasizes that a proposal should clearly communicate the problem being solved, proposed approach, anticipated impact, and convince the reader that the project merits time and funding.
MPA Lecture on Stakeholder Analysis.pptx
The document discusses stakeholder analysis, which involves identifying and assessing the interests, concerns, and influence of individuals or groups impacted by a project. It outlines the types of stakeholders, including internal/external and primary/secondary. Key steps in conducting stakeholder analysis are identified as: 1) identifying stakeholders, 2) prioritizing stakeholders, 3) understanding stakeholder needs/expectations, 4) developing an engagement plan, and 5) monitoring and adapting. Methods for stakeholder analysis like the power-interest grid are presented, along with examples of common pitfalls to avoid and ways to improve stakeholder analysis.
LEC DEVELOPMENT ISSUES AND CONCERNS.pptx
The document summarizes several key development issues and concerns in the Philippines, including poverty, overpopulation, unemployment, corruption, limited healthcare access, security threats, and issues within the education system. It notes that poverty remains a challenge with over 20% of the population living below the poverty line. Overpopulation strains resources and is driven by lack of education, poverty, and unemployment. Unemployment and underemployment lead to issues like debt and income inequality. Corruption is also a major problem, with the Philippines perceived as one of the most corrupt countries. Access to quality healthcare is limited especially in rural areas. Security threats include criminality, drugs, and terrorism. Within education, there are issues of limited access, inadequate funding
Human beings Cause & Consequence of Devt
Rural development aims to improve economic and social conditions in rural communities. It involves increasing agricultural production, developing infrastructure like roads and healthcare, and raising incomes. Rural development faces challenges like low incomes, lack of opportunities, and remoteness from urban centers. It requires a multi-pronged approach including agricultural growth, job creation, education, and improving living standards. International organizations increasingly prioritize rural development and poverty reduction through strategies like sustainable livelihood programs.
MPA 211: Lecture on WORK ETHICS. pptx
The document discusses work ethics and how managers can instill strong work ethics in employees. It defines work ethics and explains their importance. The bulk of the document outlines 10 ways for managers to develop work ethics among staff, such as leading by example, recognizing good work, and establishing clear expectations. It also addresses the role of employees in upholding work ethics and key qualities of good work ethics.
MPA 212 Lec Training and Development.pdf
Training and development refers to educating employees within a company to increase productivity, improve quality, lessen employee turnover, and decrease costs and errors. There are several types of training including supervisor training, organizational development training, and interpersonal skills development training. The training and development process consists of five overlapping processes: needs assessment, motivation, design, delivery, and evaluation. Effective training design involves defining objectives, outlining content, developing activities, preparing materials, and determining evaluation and follow-up. Models like ADDIE provide a framework for the design and implementation of training programs.
MPA 213 : LECTURE ON SOCIAL-DEVELOPMENT.
Social development aims to improve well-being for all citizens. The document discusses social development in the Philippines under the Duterte Administration from 2017-2022. Key programs implemented included Pantawid Pamilya, universal healthcare, an anti-terrorism act, and infrastructure development. Literacy rates increased while issues remained in areas like housing, the environment, and financial literacy. The new Philippine Development Plan for 2023-2028 envisions healthy, educated citizens living in livable communities.
Urban & Metro Admin and Governancges.pdf
This document discusses prospects and challenges for urban and metropolitan administration and governance. It begins by defining urban and metropolitan areas and outlining the importance of effective administration and governance in promoting economic growth, social justice, and improved quality of life. It then discusses significant prospects for urban areas in economic growth and quality of life, as well as challenges like rapid urbanization, inequality, and climate change. The document also covers topics like public-private partnerships, smart cities, digital governance, integrated metropolitan planning, and sustainable urban development strategies.
MPA 210 Lecture : Planning & Budgeting
Planning and Budgeting helps organizations set targets and generate budgets by enabling different departments to collaborate using shared assumptions and tools. Effective planning requires assessing an organization's past approaches and addressing cultural issues to support current processes. Budgeting involves preparing, legislating, executing, and ensuring accountability for budgets through classification of expenditures and an organized structure. The budgeting process allows organizations to review past performance, forecast revenues, assign costs, and communicate budgets clearly.
SPMS LECTURE :PERFORMANCE AND EVALUATION
The document discusses the Strategic Performance Management System (SPMS), which links employee performance to organizational goals. The SPMS has four stages: performance planning, monitoring, review/evaluation, and rewarding/development. It focuses on aligning individual goals with the organization's mission, vision, and strategic goals. The SPMS process aims to concretize this linkage and ensure organizational and individual effectiveness. Key elements include goals aligned with agency priorities, an outputs/outcomes orientation, team-based performance management, and user-friendly forms showing goal alignment. Government issuances like AO 25 and a Joint Circular provide rules on performance-based incentives. Performance is measured based on quality, efficiency, and timeliness.
Lecture Maintenance & Development of HR.
This document discusses topics related to personal effectiveness, job enrichment, motivation, compensation policy, career development, and management. It defines personal effectiveness as dealing with success, goals, and related concepts. Key personal effectiveness skills include optimism, confidence, determination, reflection, problem-solving, persistence, stress management, emotional intelligence, habit building, organization, and time management. Job enrichment aims to make jobs more motivating by expanding tasks and skills. Career development involves defining goals and acquiring skills through self-assessment, awareness, goal-setting, training, and performance, while career management is a lifelong process of investing in one's future career goals.
Job Analysis, Job Design and Evaluation
The document discusses key aspects of human resource management including job analysis, job design, job evaluation, human resource planning, recruitment and selection, placement and utilization. It defines each concept and explains their importance. For job analysis, it outlines the steps and benefits. It also describes different job evaluation and design methods used by organizations. The recruitment and selection process is summarized in five steps. Placement and utilization focus on properly matching employees to roles and maximizing their productivity.
MPA 212 Lecture :COPING WITH STRESS.pptx
This document discusses workplace stress, its causes and effects, and strategies for managing it. It notes that some stress can motivate employees but too much stress leads to negative outcomes. It identifies 10 signs of stress during change, including increased absenteeism, difficulty concentrating, and hostility. The WHO recommends preventing stress through risk identification, developing action plans, and evaluation. Effective HR strategies include encouraging collaboration, taking breaks, deep breathing, and maintaining a calm mindset. Prioritizing mental health provides tools for managing challenges.
MPA 212 Lecture : COACHING AND MENTORING
Coaching and mentoring involve teaching new skills, improving performance in specific work areas, and building soft skills. They establish goals and empower individuals to take responsibility for their actions. Both provide benefits such as increased job satisfaction, engagement, and productivity. Coaching focuses on skills and performance, while mentoring emphasizes career development and guidance from someone with experience. Both build trust, share knowledge, and help people develop self-awareness and confidence.
Lec Volatility, Uncertainty, Complexity
VUCA stands for volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity. It describes constant, unpredictable change that is now the norm in certain industries. The US Army first used VUCA after 9/11 to describe the unfamiliar security environment. In 2009, an author adapted VUCA for business to reflect turbulent forces of change affecting organizations. To manage in a VUCA environment, leaders need new skills like anticipating and adapting to change, strategic thinking, and considering broader contexts. They must also embrace uncertainty, develop resilience, foster innovation, strengthen decision-making, build relationships, and focus on continuous learning.
HRMD Lec Managing Ethically and Globally
This document discusses concepts related to social responsibility, ethics, and management. It provides examples of companies like Starbucks, Lego, and San Miguel Corporation that demonstrate social responsibility through practices like sustainable sourcing and environmental initiatives. It also outlines classical and socio-economic views of a business's social responsibilities and discusses the importance of managerial ethics. Globalization is defined and its impacts on different levels are explained, along with both benefits and criticisms of the process of globalization.
Lec : Human Resources - Self Confidence
This document outlines an MPA course on organization and management. It covers three main topics: skills of self-confidence, operations and career management, and references. For skills of self-confidence, it defines types of self-confidence like optimal, low, and over confidence and lists skills to build self-confidence. For operations and career management, it discusses key aspects of operations management and importance of career management for both employees and companies. It also outlines eight career anchors that influence career choices. The document provides references used at the end.
Lecture : Adaptive Organizational Design
This document discusses organizational design and change management. It defines organizational design as creating the best fit between an organization's strategic choices and setting. It also outlines several principles of organizational design like specialization, coordination, control and commitment, innovation and adaptation, and knowledge competence. The document also discusses factors that influence organizational design like environment, strategy, technology, size, life cycle, and culture. Additionally, it defines innovation, types of innovation like sustaining and disruptive, and the importance of innovation. Finally, it discusses change management, models of change management like Kotter's 8-step model, McKinsey 7S framework, and ADKAR model, and how each focuses on process or people.
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一比一原版加拿大麦科文大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【加拿大麦科文大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理加拿大麦科文大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理加拿大麦科文大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理加拿大麦科文大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理加拿大麦科文大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
Causes Supporting Charity for Elderly People
Around 52% of the elder populations in India are living in poverty and poor health problems. In this technological world, they became very backward without having any knowledge about technology. So they’re dependent on working hard for their daily earnings, they’re physically very weak. Thus charity organizations are made to help and raise them and also to give them hope to live.
Donate Us:
https://serudsindia.org/supporting-charity-for-elderly-people-india/
#oldagehome, #donateforeldersinkurnool, #donateforelders, #donationforelders, #donateforoldpeople, #donationforoldpeople, #sponsorforelders, #sponsorforoldpeople, #donationforcharity, #charity, #seruds, #kurnool, #donateforoldagehome, #oldagehomedonation
G7 Apulia Leaders Communique, 14th June 2024
G7 Apulia Leaders Communique, June 2024
" The present Canon of the West"
Health Insurance Coverage for the U.S. Population, 2024 to 2034
Presentation by Jessica Hale, an analyst in CBO’s Budget Analysis Division, at a press briefing organized by "Health Affairs."
Lecture 7 Module VII Agriculture Insurance - Support Services (2).pdf
Agriculture Insurance - Support Services
一比一原版(uoit毕业证书)加拿大安大略理工大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(uoit毕业证书)加拿大安大略理工大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(uoit毕业证书)加拿大安大略理工大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(uoit毕业证书)加拿大安大略理工大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(uoit毕业证书)加拿大安大略理工大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(uoit毕业证书)加拿大安大略理工大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
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Presentation from Resolution Foundation event一比一原版(uob学位证书)英国伯明翰大学毕业证如何办理
原版一模一样【微信：741003700 】【(uob学位证书)英国伯明翰大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(uob学位证书)英国伯明翰大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(uob学位证书)英国伯明翰大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(uob学位证书)英国伯明翰大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(uob学位证书)英国伯明翰大学毕业证【微信：741003700 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
EI Statistical Review of World Energy 2024
FT author
Amanda Chu
US Energy Reporter
PREMIUM
June 20 2024
Good morning and welcome back to Energy Source, coming to you from New York, where the city swelters in its first heatwave of the season.
Nearly 80 million people were under alerts in the US north-east and midwest yesterday as temperatures in some municipalities reached record highs in a test to the country’s rickety power grid.
In other news, the Financial Times has a new Big Read this morning on Russia’s grip on nuclear power. Despite sanctions on its economy, the Kremlin continues to be an unrivalled exporter of nuclear power plants, building more than half of all reactors under construction globally. Read how Moscow is using these projects to wield global influence.
Today’s Energy Source dives into the latest Statistical Review of World Energy, the industry’s annual stocktake of global energy consumption. The report was published for more than 70 years by BP before it was passed over to the Energy Institute last year. The oil major remains a contributor.
Data Drill looks at a new analysis from the World Bank showing gas flaring is at a four-year high.
Thanks for reading,
Amanda
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New report offers sobering view of the energy transition
Every year the Statistical Review of World Energy offers a behemoth of data on the state of the global energy market. This year’s findings highlight the world’s insatiable demand for energy and the need to speed up the pace of decarbonisation.
Here are our four main takeaways from this year’s report:
Fossil fuel consumption — and emissions — are at record highs
Countries burnt record amounts of oil and coal last year, sending global fossil fuel consumption and emissions to all-time highs, the Energy Institute reported. Oil demand grew 2.6 per cent, surpassing 100mn barrels per day for the first time.
Meanwhile, the share of fossil fuels in the energy mix declined slightly by half a percentage point, but still made up more than 81 per cent of consumption.
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留信网认证的作用:
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2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
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→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
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校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理阿德莱德大学毕业证毕业证假文凭Adelaide学位证【微信：95270640 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
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Peoples' Participation in Local Governance
- 2. What is Citizen’s Participation Citizen participation is a process which provides private individuals an opportunity to influence public decisions and has long been a component of the democratic decision-making process. The roots of citizen participation can be traced to ancient Greece and Colonial New England. Before the 1960s, governmental processes and procedures were designed to facilitate "external" participation.
- 3. The Citizen’s Participation is the active participation of the citizens in the society, which includes all forms of participation, political, social, cultural or economical, as well as the combination between them, for example, social economic or social cultural
- 4. Examples/Ways of Citizen’s Participation voting in local, state, and national elections participating in a political discussion trying to persuade someone to vote a certain way signing a petition writing letters to elected representatives contributing money to a party or candidate
- 5. attending meetings to gain information, discuss issues, or lend support campaigning for a candidate demonstrating through marches, boycotts, sit-ins, or other forms of protest serving as a juror running for office holding public office serving the country through military or other service
- 6. People’s Participation in Different forms of Government Types of Governments are: 1) Autocracy - the oldest form of government - maintain power through inheritance or ruthless use of military and police power. - citizens have no ability to participate in the selection of the ruler or in the creation of laws. - has a single ruler with unlimited power - one benefit of this type of government is that decisions for a country can be made quickly. - the power to rule is inherited or by military force.
- 7. a) Dictatorship - the leader has not been elected and uses force to control all aspects of social and economic life. b) Absolute Monarchy - a monarchy has a king, queen, emperor or empress. - the power is usually inherited or passed down from family members.
- 8. 2. Oligarchy - a government in which a few people such as a dominant clan have power - The citizen do not participate in the government
- 9. 3) Democracy - citizens vote by secret ballot - individual freedom and equality is valued - free elections are held - all citizens are involved in the decision-making process of the government, and all groups are represented.
- 10. References: https://www.google.com.ph/search?q=peoples+participation+in+governance& source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjdxuaC9MXdAhVGFogKHctXA DIQ_AUIDigB&biw=2133&bih=993#imgrc=fxZW87wV2q5OXM: https://www.igi-global.com/dictionary/participation-informing-transforming- local-government/3832 http://www.civiced.org/resources/curriculum/lesson-plans/456-how-can- citizens-participate http://embed.wistia.com/deliveries/1b512c10bece645a920e2a04d92daa47b48bc 063.bin https://www.slideshare.net/HeatherP/citizen- participationingovernment201112ppt?next_slideshow=1