This document defines political culture and discusses theories of political culture in liberal democracies and authoritarian countries. It summarizes Almond and Verba's theory of civic culture, which identifies three types of political cultures (parochial, subject, participant) and argues a stable democracy requires a blending of these, especially a majority of participants. It also discusses theories of political trust, social capital, and post-materialism and how governments may respond to political culture.
Political socialization, what is political socialization what are the important and function of political socialization. Sociology, Polity and society, Presentation of Political Socialization.
Political socialization, what is political socialization what are the important and function of political socialization. Sociology, Polity and society, Presentation of Political Socialization.
Presentation developed for a series of lectures on Political Development and Civil Society in the Third World for PS 212 Culture and Politics in the Third World at the University of Kentucky, Summer 2007. Dr. Christopher S. Rice, Instructor.
Presentation developed for a series of lectures on Political Development and Civil Society in the Third World for PS 212 Culture and Politics in the Third World at the University of Kentucky, Summer 2007. Dr. Christopher S. Rice, Instructor.
Lecture slides for an undergraduate class on Philippine Politics and Governance I taught between 2003 and 2005. These slides deal with the concept of political culture, borrowing heavily from David Wurfel's study of the Philippines'.
Slides were prepared using Powerpoint XP.
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Politics is the activity through which people make, preserve and amend the general rules under which they live. As such, it is an essentially social activity, inextricably linked, on the one hand, to the existence of diversity and conflict, and, on the other, to a willingness to cooperate and act collectively. Politics is better seen as a search for conflict resolution than as its achievement, as not all conflicts are, or can be, resolved.
Politics has been understood differently by different thinkers and within different traditions. Politics has been viewed as the art of government or as 'what concerns the state'; as the conduct and management of public affairs; as the resolution of conflict through debate and compromise; and as the production, distribution and use of resources in the course of social existence
Political culture is the sum of the sum of the fundamental values, sentiments and knowledge that give form and substance to political processes focusing on how values, sentiments and knowledge influence politics within the state.
Political culture is the sum of the sum of the fundamental values, sentiments and knowledge that give form and substance to political processes focusing on how values, sentiments and knowledge influence politics within the state.
Week 1 politics and power history fair start representation and political pro...Wayne Williams
First week of PowerPoint lecture notes for Politics and Power in America course. Examines what politics is, differences in democracies, contrasted with the meaning of a Constitutional Republic, such as that of the United States.
PERSONALITIES.Political and Party system A political system refers to the sec...MaisaVillafuerte
Political and Party system
A political system refers to the section of the society which deals with matters and issues related to distribution of resources and conflict resolution. The system comprises of institutions, organizations, rules, principles, and behaviours related to conflict resolution, ie court system, executive, parliament, behaviours like voting.
a political system in which citizens govern themselves either directly or indirectly. The term democracy comes from Greek and means “rule of the people.” In Lincoln’s stirring words from the Gettysburg Address, democracy is “government of the people, by the people, for the people.” In direct (or pure) democracies, people make their own decisions about the policies and distribution of resources that affect them directly.
While is old of this Chapter in textbook, I have restructured to capture the meaning of political culture and format of politics, ideology, power, legitimacy.
Much of the study of politics centers on the tension between human agency and constraints on choice. Political leaders typically emphasize their ability to act in a sovereign fashion, describing politics as the art of the possible. What they less often refer to are the institutional and structural constraints that they face when trying to chart a new path. The old pathway is hard to escape, making them all captives of a certain path dependency.
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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Welcome to the new Mizzima Weekly !
Mizzima Media Group is pleased to announce the relaunch of Mizzima Weekly. Mizzima is dedicated to helping our readers and viewers keep up to date on the latest developments in Myanmar and related to Myanmar by offering analysis and insight into the subjects that matter. Our websites and our social media channels provide readers and viewers with up-to-the-minute and up-to-date news, which we don’t necessarily need to replicate in our Mizzima Weekly magazine. But where we see a gap is in providing more analysis, insight and in-depth coverage of Myanmar, that is of particular interest to a range of readers.
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
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03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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27052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
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हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
ys jagan mohan reddy political career, Biography.pdfVoterMood
Yeduguri Sandinti Jagan Mohan Reddy, often referred to as Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, is an Indian politician who currently serves as the Chief Minister of the state of Andhra Pradesh. He was born on December 21, 1972, in Pulivendula, Andhra Pradesh, to Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy (popularly known as YSR), a former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, and Y.S. Vijayamma.
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
2. Definition
Pattern of shared values , moral norms beliefs
and attitudes , and expectations and also
orientation among members of political system.
Who creates culture ? The citizens. To
understand the tendencies for present and future
behaviours in a country , we must study public
attitudes towards politics and their roles in
political system Nation’s political culture
3. POLITICAL CULTURE IN LIBERAL
DEMOCRACIES
1) THE CIVIC CULTURE [ Almond and Verba]
– did analysis of citizens’ role in political
process in democratic countries.
Three types of pure political culture :
a) Parochial : Citizens’ awareness of central
government is low. Found in isolated
communities – immigrants who do not speak
dominant language. Example : A knows
President is working and living in
Washington DC but he does not know the
job scope of the President and government.
4. Theory of civic culture
Parochial
Subject
Participant
Civic
Cultur
e
STABLE
DEMOC
R-ACY
5. ….
b) Subject – citizens see themselves as
subjects of government. Hence, the young
citizens are not active in politics although
they know that government’s actions affect
their lives.
c) Participant – Citizens believe they can
contribute in political system as they know
that they are affected by government’s
action. For instance, they vote and take part
in referendum. They demand the
government to be accountable for its actions
6. ……CIVIC CULTURE ?
In Amond and Verba’s view, a stable democracy
is likely to take place in a society blending
different cultures civic culture.
Civic culture : Many political activists
(participants) but passive minority (parochial and
subjects) stabilise the system.
HOW ?
It resolves tensions within democracy between
popular control and effective governance
It allows for citizens’ influence while retaining
flexibility for the government.
7. ….
Almond and Verba’s analysis of civic culture:
1) Was carried out to identify political culture in liberal
democracies
2) Found that in their analysis of 5 democracies (
USA, Britain , Italy, Mexico and West Germany) ;
Britain and USA came closes to the ideal civic culture.
Population can be divided into three groups :
parochial, subjects and participants but the size of the
category is not same. US ( Higher subjects and
participants). Mexico, Italy ( higher participants and
parochial - people will feel uninvolved and alienated
from politics)
8. ….CIVIC CULTURE
Civic culture : “ Citizens felt they could influence the
government but choose not to do so , thus conferring
on government its required agility”
HOW ?
Parochialism and subjects would provide foundation
to participants .
Example : Citizens who are active in politics express
their preference to their rulers but not so involved to
the extent that they refuse to accept decisions which
they disagree – Not too many political demands, and
willing to accept political arrangements.
9. …..
Civic culture gives the government a measure of
flexibility.
What about in authoritarian countries ?
Stability rests on subjects and parochial, the
politically active are ruling elites (minority)
10. POLITICAL TRUSTS AND SOCIAL
CAPITAL
Issues in democracy, trust to government has
declined. In USA, the number of voter turnout has
declined.
Study of Social capital
What is social capital : Culture of trusts and co-
operation which make collective action possible
and effective. Political culture with a fund of social
capital enable communities to build political
institutions that can solve collective problems.
Low social capital : Elected government is seen
as a threat.
11. …..
Robert Putnam : extend the analysis of political culture
by showing how a supportive social environment
directly enhances the performance and stability of
political system [ analysis in Italy in 1980s]
What did he find ?
1. Culture influenced effectiveness of 20 regional
governments.
a) Successful and developed regions [north]: positive
political culture. High social capital (level of trusts
and co-operation) because of historical factor –
communal self government
12. ….
What is communal self government ?
Authority delegated by the community to public
officials who are responsible to those whose
affairs are entrusted – population are willing to act
collectively to achieve their shared goals.
B) Least effective government [south] : Low level of
social capital ; low tradition for co-operation. Why
? Long history of feudal, foreign and authoritarian
rule. Citizens are perceived as subjects. Thus
they feel exploited and powerless.
13. NO POLITICAL TRUST ?
Putnam : Trust encourage solidarity among
strangers; the political system can achieve its
shared goals.
Lack of trust/ confidence : People to become less
willing to believe what their leaders say, vote at
elections, and support public programmes in
which they do not see a sure return for
themselves.
Thus, low political trust is likely to promote
unresponsive and ineffective government.
14. POST MATERIALISM
DEFINED AS : Commitment to radical quality of life
issues (such as the environment) among the young
educated from the personal security and material
affluence.
Post-materialists participate extensively in politics
but are inclined to join elite-challenging promotional
groups rather than political parties.
Observation : The more affluent (wealthy) a
democracy, the higher proportion of post-materialists
– mostly young, urban professionals living in
wealthiest states (USA). Not common in poor
countries.
They were attracted to single-issue groups rather than
to broader packages offered by political parties – elite
challenging advocates.
15. MATERIALISTS VS. POST-
MATERIALISTS VALUES
MATERIALISTS POST-MATERIALISTS
Economic growth
Defense forces
Fights against crime
Maintain order
•The desire for
economic and physical
security
More say in
government
More say in job
Ideas are more
important than money
Freedom of speech
•For post materialist,
having secured
comfortable standard
of living, the objective
16. …
Inglehart : Different age cohorts (group) have values
that are distinct from one another and remain largely
stable over time. This challenges the idea that
differences in in core beliefs between young and old
exist because people become more conservatives as
they grow older.
Post materialists - Experience in China
The students protests that took place in 1980s
culminating with the Tianamen Square 1989 may
have been first sign of culture shift. Hence, Chinese
government encouragement of capitalist economic
development ( economic growth in private sector) is a
double edged sword.
17. ….
HOW ?
Government needs economic success to foster
its performance legitimacy – will also foster
increased desire for freedom from government
control. Surveys in China found that post-
materialist values are inherent when most people
emphasized
“giving people more say in government”
“giving people more say on the job”
“freedom of speech” (Cited in World Values
Survey 1990-91)
18. POLITICAL CULTURE IN
AUTHORITARIAN COUNTRIES
How does government respond to political
culture :
1) Ignore
2) Exploit
3) Reconstruct
1) Ignore – Isolate mass population to engage
with government and refuse to draw support from
wider culture. Typical in military government.
19. …
2) Exploit political culture – emphasize on culture
that support their hold on power.
Pakistan : Military men are perceived as being
less corrupt – saving people. In 2011 poll – 79%
of Pakistanis said “ army brings good influence to
the country”.
Asia – the concept of Asian democracy is used by
Singapore and Malaysia to present western form
of democracy as alien. In Asian democracy, the
emphasis is given on maintenance or order and
respect to the authority. Singaporean PM said “
western democracy, foreign press, pop music
could bring the country down. The alternative is
Asian democracy” .
20. …
Malaysia : In year 2000, former PM made a
comment “ the pursuit of democracy could lead to
hardship and anarchy, destroying an otherwise
stable and prosperous society. He also said that
Western nations used democracy and human
rights as tools to decolonise parts of Asia”
(http://news.bbc.co.uk/)
21. …
3) Reconstruct political culture : least common.
Transform political values of their subjects. State
transforms the way people think and behave”
Hitler’s Germany : all textbooks have to
conformed to Nazi’s ideology.
Communist in China : Cultural Revolution
objective is “to challenge peoples thinking;
provide younger party members with an
opportunity to participate in revolutionary activity,
thus revitalising their belief and enthusiasm and
in doing so he would strengthen both his (Mao’s)
own position” .
22. ….
How ?
The youths in China were encouraged to criticise
those who Mao deemed untrustworthy with
regards to the direction he wanted China to take :
writers, economists. Further, educational
establishments were considered to be too
academic and, therefore, too elitist.
Education controlled- guided by Marxism . Learnt
Mao’s thoughts in schools.