1. The document discusses political development theory including Parson's "pattern variables" and elements of democratization like the rule of law, civil society, and protection of minority rights. 2. It also discusses factors that enable or hinder democracy, such as per capita income, experience with pluralism, and commitment to reform. Freedom House surveys measure political rights and civil liberties. 3. Problems that can hinder development are discussed, as well as alternative approaches like viewing it as an interactive process between government and civil society focused on power dispersion and responsiveness.

1. Political Development Dr. Christopher S. Rice

2. Political Development + Modernization Theory

4. Democratization The progressive extension of the citizenship principle to encompass a wider range of eligible participants and a wider scope of domains in which collective choice among equals or their representatives can make binding decisions on all.

6. Retrenchment, “Illiberal Democracy” & Corporatism

8. Freedom House Surveys

9. Political Rights free to form parties which represent a range of voter choice, leaders may be allowed to compete for, and be elected to, positions of power in government.

10. Civil Liberties protection of religious, ethnic, linguistic, economic rights, as well as gender and family rights, personal freedoms, freedom of press, belief and association.

11. PROBLEMS

12. The “Syncratic Alliance” (A.F.K. Organski-1965)

14. Alternative approaches to Political Development

15. Political Development An interactive, public decision-making and learning process, within and between government and civil society, based on power creation and dispersion. This process leads to increasing individual and group autonomy from below and more responsiveness from above.

16. 5

17. #1: A definition of political development should not equate the process with the goal.

18. #2: A definition of political development should be based on an expanded understanding of political systems that encompasses civil society.

19. #3: The concept of political development should be based on an open acknowledgement of the value of institutional autonomy and its relationship to democratic values, broadly defined.

20. #4: A definition of political development should be based on both the centrality of power and the interaction of the state and civil society.

21. #5: An understanding of political development needs to describe the content and not just the structure of the interaction between state and society. Need to create a dialog around problem-solving.

22. Civil Society and the NGO Movement

24. GROs and GRO Networks

25. GRSOs and GRSO Networks

26. NGOs and Civil Society

32. Models of Cooperation Field Cooperation Parallel Cooperation