MPA 207 Planning Process

1. DEVELOPMENT
ISSUES AND
CONCERNS
MPA 207
MA. LADY ZEL E. GABA

2. IN THE PHILIPPINES (Nationwide):
1. POVERTY
2. OVERPOPULATION
3. UNEMPLOYMENT AND UNDEREMPLOYMENT
4. CORRUPTION
5. ACCESS AND QUALITY OF HEALTHCARE SERVICES
6. THREAT TO PEACE AND SECURITY

3. 1. POVERTY
PH poverty rate in first half of 2023 down to 22.4% —PSA | GMA News Online
(gmanetwork.com)
 Poverty Rate = First half of 2021 – 23.7% First half of 2023 – 22.4%
 Poverty Incidence = 2021 – 18.0% 2023 – 16.4%
 Highest poverty incidence: Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim
Mindanao (BARMM).
 Davao Region experienced a significant increase in poverty incidence due to its
vulnerability to natural hazards, such as flooding and earthquakes.
 President Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos Jr aims to bring down the poverty rate
to 9% before his six-year term ends in 2028.

4. 2. OVERPOPULATION
Population growth in the Philippines (worlddata.info)
• Strain on Limited Resources
(e.g. food insecurity)
• Overstretched demand
• Limited access to essential
services
CAUSES:
LACK OF EDUCATION, POVERTY,
UNEMPLOYMENT
Philippine Population 2023
117,337,368

5. 2. OVERPOPULATION (cont.)
First, as stated by Singh et al. (2011), one primary cause of overpopulation in the
Philippines is the lack of family planning and education.
Second, poverty is another major root cause of overpopulation. Poverty and
overpopulation create a vicious cycle. (Balisacan and Fuwa, 2003).
Third, limited employment opportunities play a crucial role in overpopulation. The
absence of gainful employment opportunities leads to a lack of financial stability, driving
individuals to perpetuate the cycle of poverty and overpopulation (De Silva and Ray, 2021).

6. 3. UNEMPLOYMENT & UNDEREMPLOYMENT
 Debt
 Lower standard of living
 Increased crime rate
 High Income Inequality
(The Philippines has the highest GINI Coefficient
among ASEAN’s six largest economies at 41.58
percent.)
Philippine jobless, underemployment rates jump in July - BusinessWorld Online (bworldonline.com)

7. 3. UNEMPLOYMENT & UNDEREMPLOYMENT
(cont.)
Income per month for a family of five:
PHP 10,481.00– Poverty line – 22%
PHP 10,481 to 20,962 – Low income – 35%
PHP 20,962 to 125,772 per month – Upper middle class – 40%
PHP 125,772 to 209,620 – Upper class – 2%
PHP 209,620 or more – Rich - <1%

8. 4. CORRUPTION
 The Philippines is perceived to be one of the most corrupt countries in the
world. Of 180 countries, the Philippines ranked 116 in terms of being the
least corrupt. This means that the country is almost in the top one-third of
the most corrupt countries, based on the Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI)
published by Transparency International.
 According to CPI, the Philippines scored a total of 33 points out of 100. Even
as far back as 2012, it has fluctuated around the same CPI score, with the
highest score being 38 points in 2014 and the lowest being 33 points in 2021
and 2022.

9. 5. LIMITED ACCESS TO QUALITY HEALTH
SERVICES
 Insufficient health care facilities especially in rural areas
 Health human resources are not available and sometimes lacking in
skills
 Long waiting time
 Run-down or worn-out facilities
 Costly

10. 6. THREAT TO PEACE AND SECURITY
 Criminality and illegal drugs
( 27.79% decrease in Index Crimes (from 3,573 to 2,580, a decrease of 993 PNP: Crime rate down by 27% in
January-February 2024 compared to 2023 | GMA News Online (gmanetwork.com)
Gov’t confiscates P10.41B worth of illegal drugs, clears more than 27,000 barangays of drug menace
under PBBM’s anti-drug campaign Gov’t confiscates P10.41B worth of illegal drugs, clears more than 27,000
barangays of drug menace under PBBM’s anti -drug campaign – Presidential Communications Office (pco.gov.ph) )
 Terrorist attack & Cyber attack
(4th in the world with most incidents of cyber attacks –DICT.
6,250 reported cybercrimes in the NCR only from January to June 2023 – NCRPO)
 Territorial disputes

11. IN THE PHILIPPINE’S EDUCATION
SYSTEM:
1. LIMITED ACCESS TO EDUCATION
2. INADEQUATE FUNDING
3. RESOURCE ALLOCATION
4. LACK OF TRAINED AND QUALIFIED TEACHERS
5. TECHNOLOGICAL DISPARITY

12. 1. LIMITED ACCESS TO QUALITY
EDUCATION
 Leads to poverty and unemployment.
 Those who drop out of school are more likely to be unemployed
and less likely to secure good jobs.
 Marginalized communities do not have access to education.
 Limited schools mostly in rural areas.

13. 2. INADEQUATE FUNDING and 3. RESOURCE
ALLOCATION
 Lack of classrooms / overcrowded classrooms
 Limited learning resources
Although the Education Sector receives the highest allocation
or the 12.58% (631.77 Billion) from the National Budget,
only 3.22% of it goes to the Capital Outlay (based on the graph),
which includes the budget for classrooms. The 20.37B budget for
Capital Outlay in 2022 only is not enough to build the lacking
classrooms nationwide and to repair the damaged classrooms
due to disasters.

14. 4. LACK OF TRAINED AND QUALIFIED
TEACHERS
 The Philippines faces a persistent shortage of qualified teachers, especially in
remote and disadvantaged areas. As a result, classrooms often have a high
student-to-teacher ratio, making it more challenging for teachers to provide
individual attention and support to each student.
 In some cases, teachers may not receive proper training or may not have
access to continuous professional development opportunities. Without
updated knowledge and instruction skills, teachers may struggle to effectively
teach complex subjects or adapt their teaching methods to suit the needs of
diverse learners.

15. 5. TECHNOLOGICAL DISPARITY
 Limited access to information
 Unequal learning opportunities
 Digital literacy gaps
 No preparation for the digital era
Source: DepEd Computerization Program Report as of 2022
Although the
department is making
ways to lessen the
technological
disparity by providing
ICT equipment to
schools, it is not yet
sufficient to create a
1-to-1 ratio for every
student.

16. THANK YOU FOR YOUR
ATTENTION TO MY
PRESENTATION! 

17. T h e P h i l i p p i n e s : D e v e l o p m e n t i s s u e s a n d e d u c a t i o n | J a m e s T r e w b y - A c a d e m i a . e d u
P H p o v e r t y r a t e i n f i r s t h a l f o f 2 0 2 3 d o w n t o 2 2 . 4 % — P S A | G M A N e w s O n l i n e ( g m a n e t w o r k . c o m )
T i t l e : T h e I m p a c t o f O v e r p o p u l a t i o n i n t h e P h i l i p p i n e s I n t r o d u c t i o n : O v e r p o p u l a t i o n c a n b e … | b y A s h l e y Y v o n e P a s c u a l L e j o s |
M e d i u m
I m p a c t s - U n e m p l o y m e n t i n t h e P h i l i p p i n e s ( w e e b l y . c o m )
I n c o m e i n e q u a l i t y | P h i l s t a r . c o m
A l o o k a t h o w c o r r u p t i o n w o r k s i n t h e P h i l i p p i n e s | I n q u i r e r B u s i n e s s
T h e L a c k o f H e a l t h c a r e F a c i l i t i e s i n t h e R u r a l A r e a s o f t h e P h i l i p p i n e s | b y A R I A N A M A I A G A R I N M A N U E L | M e d i u m
C h i n a d e n i e s h a c k i n g P h i l i p p i n e s w e b s i t e s | P h i l s t a r . c o m
P h i l i p p i n e s a r r e s t s o v e r 5 6 , 0 0 0 d r u g s u s p e c t s i n 2 0 2 3 - X i n h u a ( n e w s . c n )
C y b e r c r i m e i n c i d e n t s i n N C R u p b y 1 5 2 % i n 2 0 2 3 — P N P | G M A N e w s O n l i n e ( g m a n e t w o r k . c o m )
E d u c a t i o n I s s u e s i n t h e P h i l i p p i n e s : T h e O n g o i n g S t r u g g l e ( c h i l d h o p e . o r g . p h )
L a c k o f E d u c a t i o n T h e m a i n c h a l l e n g e o f t h e P h i l i p p i n e s a s a n a t i o n - s t a t e c u r r e n t l y i s t h e l a c k … | b y m s c r u z a t | M e d i u m
T h e t e a c h e r s h o r t a g e i s r e a l , l a r g e a n d g r o w i n g , a n d w o r s e t h a n w e t h o u g h t : T h e f i r s t r e p o r t i n ‘ T h e P e r f e c t S t o r m i n t h e T e a c h e r
L a b o r M a r k e t ’ s e r i e s | E c o n o m i c P o l i c y I n s t i t u t e ( e p i . o r g )
I n c o m e i n e q u a l i t y | P h i l s t a r . c o m