The document defines key terms related to politics and public administration such as democracy, republic, and dictatorship. It also outlines the characteristics of public administration including serving public interest, transparency, and equity. Additionally, it describes the three branches of government in the Philippines: the legislative, executive, and judiciary branches.

2.  DEFINITION OF TERMS
 CHARACTERISTICS OF PUBLIC
ADMINISTRATION
 PRINCIPLES OF PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
 TYPES OF POLITICAL SYSTEM
 POLITICS IN THE PHILIPPINES

3. Politics
- is the set of activities that are associated
with making decisions in groups, or other
forms of power relations among individuals,
such as the distribution of resources or
status.
- is about making agreements between people
so that they can live together in groups such
as tribes, cities, or countries.

4. Politics Person
- is a person active in party politics, or a person
holding or seeking an elected office in
government.
- propose, support, reject, and create laws that
govern the land and, by extension, its people.
Note: Aristotle is regarded as the father
of Politics - a great Greek philosopher

5. Public Administration
- is a discipline which is concerned with the
organization and the formulation and
implementation of public policies welfare of
the people. It functions in a political setting
in order to accomplish the goals and
objectives, which are formulated by the
political decision makers.

6.  Serving public interest.
 Formulation of rules and procedures.
 Transparency in government.
 Equality in society.
 Ensures compliance with public policies.
 Responsible for state administrative functions.
 Tax collection on behalf of the government.
 Focuses on service and not on money-making.

7. Transparency and Accountability
- means that citizens have an inherent right to
know the truth about public issues and
the government ensures that this right is met. It
serves to achieve accountability, which means that
authorities can be held responsible for their actions.

8. Participation and Pluralism
- decision-making are located mostly in the
framework of government, but that many
non-governmental groups use their resources
to exert influence. The central question for
classical pluralism is how power and
influence are distributed in a political
process.

9. Subsidiarity
- such functions of government should be
performed at the lowest level possible, as long as
they can be performed adequately

10. Efficiency and Effectiveness
- efficiency refers to how well something is done,
effectiveness refers to how useful something is -
means considering an assembly of conditions
concerning the competence, organization,
assuming responsibilities, governmental
transparency, citizen participation in decision-
making on certain common issues, of public
interest, efficient allocation of public resources

11. Equity and Access to Services
- ensuring the fair administration of laws; seeking
out and qualifying minorities for positions in the
workforce; encouraging moral public leadership that
motivates individuals and communities

12. 1. Democracy
- government by the people especially : rule of the
majority.
- a government in which the supreme power is
vested in the people and exercised by them directly
or indirectly through a system of representation
usually involving periodically held free elections.
Note: power of the people": a way of governing
which depends on the will of the people.

13. 2. Republic
- is a form of government in which "supreme power
is held by the people and their elected
representatives”.
- the government is subject to the people, and
leaders can be recalled. Some even make the
argument that an oligarchy, which is rule by a few
citizens, or a group of citizens, is a form of
republic, since the government is subject to some
of the wishes of some of the governed.

14. 3. Monarchy
- not usually chosen by the voice of the people or
their representatives.
- political system in which supreme authority is
vested in the monarch, an individual ruler who
functions as head of state.
Note: hereditary or bloodlines, lifelong rule &
called king & queen nor emperor or empress

15. 4. Communism
- often considered an authoritarian political
system.
- an economic ideology that advocates for a classless
society in which all property and wealth are
communally-owned, instead of by individuals.
-

16. 5. Dictatorship
- is the main individual ruling the country
makes most of the decisions, and usually has
enforcers.
- a form of government in which absolute power is
concentrated in the hands of a leader commonly
identified as a dictator "small clique", or a
"government organization", and it aims to abolish
political pluralism and civilian mobilization.
Note: dictatorship takes away all those rights
and liberty

17. The Philippines is a democratic and republican
State. Sovereignty resides in the people and all
government authority emanates from them as
stated in the 1987 Constitution of the Republic
of the Philippines Article 2, Section 1.

18. Three Branches of the Government
1. Legislative Branch
- is authorized to make laws, alter, and repeal them through
the power vested in the Philippine Congress.
- divided into the Senate - composed of 24 Senators who are
elected at large by the qualified voters of the Philippines.
and the House of Representatives - composed of about 250
members elected from legislative districts in the
provinces, cities, and municipalities, and representatives
elected through a party-list system of registered national,
regional, and sectoral parties or organizations.

19. 2. Executive Branch
- composed of the President and the Vice President who are elected by
direct popular vote and serve a term of six years.
- The President leads the country. He or she is the head of state, leader
of the national government, and Commander-in-Chief of all armed
forces of the Philippines. The President serves a six-year term and
cannot be re-elected.
- The Vice President supports the President. If the President is unable
to serve, the Vice President becomes President. He or she also serves a
six-year term.
- Cabinet members serve as advisors to the President. They include the
Vice President and the heads of executive departments. Cabinet
members are nominated by the President and must be confirmed by
the Commission of Appointments.

20. 3. Judiciary
- holds the power to settle controversies involving
rights that are legally demandable and enforceable.
- determines whether or not there has been a grave
abuse of discretion amounting to lack or excess of
jurisdiction on the part and instrumentality of the
government.