People's Participation in Governance ; Cultural participation MPA 203 Local Government & Administration

1. PEOPLE’S
PARTICIPATION IN
GOVERNANCE
Maan L. Ferrer
Mark Angelo O. Macaalay
MPA 203 Local Governance &
Administration
Prof Jo B. Bitonio,
Reporters

2. OUTLINE
I. Introduction
o Meaning of Participation
o Definitions of People’s Participation
o People’s Participation in Governance in the Philippines
II. People’s Participation in Cultural and Economic Development (?)
o People’s Participation in Heritage Management Towards Cultural
Development
o People’s Participation in the Construction of Infrastructure Within the
Community

3. MEANING OF PARTICIPATION
The way participation is
defined largely depends upon
the context and background in
which participation is applied.
Most simply defined,
'participation' means taking
part.

4. PEOPLE’S PARTICIPATION
oThe Economic Commission forLatin America (1973) considers
contribution by the people to Public Programs to the complete
exclusion of any involvement in the decision making process as
participation.
oCohen and Uphoff (1977) maintains that participation includes
the people's involvement in the entire decision making process.
oFA0 (1982) emphasizes participation in all decision making
process but by the People's own Organization and through self
organized actions.
oPaul (1987) introduces the concept of enhancement of well
being in terms of values cherished by the communities as being
the ultimate objective of participation. (Pe o ple ’s Participatio n in
Go ve rnance and De ve lo pm e nt)

5. PEOPLE’S PARTICIPATION IN
GOVERNANCE IN THE
PHILIPPINESoThe Local Government Code (LGC) of 1991 has provided venues for
participation of civil society organizations (CSOs) in local governance
through the various bodies at the barangay, municipal, provincial, and
regional levels (PhilDHRRA).

6. II. People’s
Participation in Cultural
and Economic
Development

7. PEOPLE’S PARTICIPATION IN
HERITAGE MANAGEMENT
TOWARDS CULTURAL
DEVELOPMENToPeople’s participation is becoming the central issue of
current period. Participation means that people are closely
involved in the economic, social and cultural and political
processes that affect their lives.
oThere is growing recognition that cultural heritage can
benefit social well-being, especially in the formation of
personal or collective identities. Community participation
then becomes an indispensable component of
contemporary preservation practice.

8. THE ILOCOS REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
PLAN (RDP) 2017-2022
oThe strategies of the
Regional Development Plan
(RDP) 2017-2022 are
grouped under three major
pillars, namely: Enhancing
the Social Fabric
“Malasakit,” Inequality-
reducing transformation
“Pagbabago,” and
Increasing potential growth
“Patuloy na Pag-unlad.”

9. THE ILOCOS REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT
PLAN (RDP) 2017-2022
oEnhancing the social fabric.
The aim is to regain peoples’
trust in public institutions and
cultivate trust in fellow Filipinos.
This includes promoting
country’s culture and values
(Chapter 7).
oRDP 2017-2022 states that To
promote and preserve the rich
culture and values of the region,
there is a need to document
local cultural resources in Region
1. This can be done by
conducting cultural mapping.

10. PEOPLE’S PARTICIPATION IN
HERITAGE MANAGEMENT
TOWARDS CULTURAL
DEVELOPMENTo Cultural mapping is a critical activity in
heritage conservation and sustainable
development as these processes begin with
the identification of resources available in a
community (Zerrudo, 2008). Cultural
mapping is a practice of documenting and
identifying tangible and intangible assets of a
community. It is not only a method for
quantifying the cultural assets of a
community, it is also a tool used for
community engagement and collaboration
(UNESCO, 2017).

11. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK FOR
INTERPRETATION: LADDER OF
PARTICIPATION IN HERITAGE
MANAGEMENT
This framework allows preservationists to evaluate the different levels of
participatory activities and what each level means.

13. THE CASE OF CALASIAO,
PANGASINAN
o Calasiao Cultural Mapping Project is a
collaboration of the national, provincial,
and local government agencies/unit. This
project was implemented by the National
Commission for Culture and the Arts and
coordinated by the Provincial Government
represented by the Center for Pangasinan
Studies. After Calasiao was chosen by the
Governor to be one of the pioneering
municipalities, CPS coordinated with the
LGU of Calasiao for the conceptualization
of Cultural Mapping Project. Calasiao is
the first municipality in the Northwestern
Luzon Region to conduct Cultural Mapping
Project which engaged and mobilized local
mappers.

14. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

15. III. People’s
Participation in the
Construction of
Infrastructures Within
the Community

16. PEOPLE’S PARTICIPATION IN THE
CONSTRUCTION OF
INFRASTRUCTURES WITHIN THE
COMMUNITYoThe Department of Public Works and Highways
(DPWH) is the engineering and construction arm of
the nation. It plans, designs, and operates
infrastructure facilities like national highways, flood
control, water resources development systems and
other public works.
oPeople’s participation by means of Environmental
Impact Assessment (EIA) would highly be effective
in this sector because the projects implemented
would be affecting the community it covers.

17. WHAT IS ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACT ASSESSMENT?
oEnvironmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a
process of evaluating the likely environmental
impacts of a proposed project or development,
taking into account inter-related socio-economic,
cultural and human-health impacts, both beneficial
and adverse.
o It aims to predict environmental impacts at an early
stage in project planning and design, find ways and
means to reduce adverse impacts, shape projects to
suit the local environment and present the
predictions and options to decision-makers.

18. THE IMPLEMENTATION
PROCESS OF THE
ENVIRONMENT IMPACT
PROCESS

19. SLOPE PROTECTION WORKS
ALONG AGNO RIVER

20. SLOPE PROTECTION WORKS
ALONG AGNO RIVER

21. SLOPE PROTECTION WORKS
ALONG AGNO RIVER

22. REFERENCES:
oBhuvan Bhatnagar and Aubrey C. Williams, “Participatory Development and
the World Bank,” World Bank Discussion Paper (1992)
oPeople’s Participation in Governance and Development retrieved on
February 11, 2019 from
http://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/123456789/10200/1/Unit%201.pdf
oPhilippine Partnership for the Development of Human Resources in Rural
Areas (PhilDHRRA). A Look at Participatory Local Governance in the
Philippines from the CSO Perspective retrieved on February 11, 2019 from
http://i.phildhrra.net/application/files/1114/7928/5579/PhilDHRRA_PLG_assessment_final
oRegion 1 Development Plan retrieved on March 1, 2019 from
http://ilocos.neda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/RDPCover2.png

23. REFERENCES:
oTheory and Practice of Public Administration in the Philippines by Avelino P.
Tendero
oWhat is Environment Impact Assessment from
https://www.cbd.int/impact/whatis.shtml