1) The document presents a parametric study comparing the behavior of reinforced concrete (RCC), steel, and composite low-rise (G+2) and high-rise (G+10) buildings under blast loading conditions.
2) The maximum storey displacements of the structures are analyzed for different blast load scenarios varying the charge size (0.1 and 0.3 tonnes) and standoff distance (0.01 and 0.03km).
3) The results show that steel plate shear walls are more effective than RCC shear walls at reducing maximum displacements, with SPSWs reducing displacements by up to 98% compared to non-shear wall structures. Composite structures also perform
Seismic Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Multistory Building under ...ijtsrd
Impact of wind load as a marvel on structures, especially tall plans cant be unseen. Its major to ponder the deferred result of wind in style and appraisal of plans. The plan is explored for the gravity loads and besides for the equivalent loads for example wind load in zone ii Bhopal , zone iii Nagpur , zone iv Delhi , zone v Calcutta , zone vi Darbhanga .The structure is made on the thing known as staad.pro v8i. This appraisal is the assessment of the Reinforced strong cement multi story building G 10 . The codes utilized for the evaluations of Dead weight are IS 875 Part 1 1987 ,for live weight the code IS 875 Part 2 1987 and for the incorporates of wind power in various breeze zones are IS 875 fragment 3 1987.The deferred result of these appraisal shows the adjustment of forces, departures responses and weight of steel the proportion of partner material expected to negate equivalent loads will increase without a doubt. Amount of essential material expected to go against sidelong loads will augment profoundly. Subodh Kumar | Prof. Priyanka Dubey "Seismic Analysis & Design of Reinforced Concrete Multistory Building under Different Zone's" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46404.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/46404/seismic-analysis-and-design-of-reinforced-concrete-multistory-building-under-different-zone's/subodh-kumar
The document provides details of the computer aided design and analysis of a G+20 multi-storey residential building located in Patna using STAAD-Pro software. The building is designed as a reinforced concrete framed structure according to Indian codes IS 456, IS 875, and IS 1893. Load calculations are performed for dead loads, live loads, and wind loads. Analysis of the building is carried out to determine member forces from gravity and lateral loads.
Fire Induced Progressive Collapse of Multi-Storied Steel StructureIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the progressive collapse of a 14-story steel frame structure due to fire loads using ETABS software. The structure was modeled and analyzed by applying a fire load of 550°C to corner, edge, intermediate, and re-entrant columns on alternating floors according to GSA guidelines. Demand capacity ratios and axial loads of the columns were obtained both before and after the fire load was applied. The results showed demand capacity ratios remained below 2 and axial loads increased after fire, indicating the structure would not experience progressive collapse from the simulated fire loads.
IRJET - Comparison of Seismic Behavior of Multi-Storey Structure with Com...IRJET Journal
This document compares the seismic behavior of multi-storey structures with composite columns and reinforced concrete columns. Three models are analyzed: a normal reinforced concrete building, a building with composite tube sections in the columns, and a building with I-sections and rebar in the columns. The models are analyzed using ETABS software and time history data from a 2009 earthquake. Parameters like base shear, storey drift, displacement, stiffness, and overturning moment are compared. The results show that the reinforced concrete model performs poorer in terms of base shear, drift, displacement, and stiffness compared to the composite column models. The I-section column model performs best by having the lowest base shear and drift values.
This document evaluates the mechanical properties of aluminum 2024-based hybrid metal composites. It discusses how aluminum 2024 alloy is commonly used in aircraft structures due to its high strength and fatigue resistance. The document then describes creating aluminum 2024-based composites reinforced with E-glass fibers and fly ash using stir casting. Tensile and compression tests were performed on the composite materials and aluminum 2024 alloy to compare their mechanical properties. The results showed that the composite materials achieved better tensile and compression strength compared to aluminum 2024 alloy alone.
Dynamic Analysis of Multi Storey Steel StructuresIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the dynamic behavior of multi-storey steel structures subjected to earthquakes through modeling and analysis in STAAD Pro. It summarizes that steel structures perform better than other materials in earthquakes due to their lower mass and consequent lower seismic forces. A 20-storey steel building is modeled and analyzed using response spectrum analysis to investigate seismic responses at different zones. Results show base shear, displacements and drifts increase with zone and floor level. Dynamic analysis yields lower forces than static analysis, demonstrating steel structures' improved earthquake resistance.
Optimisation of earth quake response of tall building by using different fram...eSAT Journals
Abstract In India reinforced concrete structures are mostly used since this is the most convenient & economic system for low-rise buildings. However, for medium to high-rise buildings this type of structure is no longer economic because of increased dead load, less stiffness, span restriction and hazardous formwork. So the Structural engineers are facing the challenge of striving for the most efficient and economical design solution. Also Earthquake engineering should be extended to the design of earthquake sensitive tall buildings. Use of composite material is of particular interest, due to its significant potential in improving the overall performance through rather modest changes in manufacturing and constructional technologies. In India, many consulting engineers are reluctant to accept the use of composite steel-concrete structure because of its unfamiliarity and complexity in its analysis and design. But literature says that if properly configured, then composite steel-concrete system can provide extremely economical structural systems with high durability, rapid erection and superior seismic performance characteristics. This paper discusses Optimization of Earth quack response of tall building by using different types of framing system over the height of the building . So to optimize the earth quack response, a Ten story Combined model ( R.C.C, Composite and Steel frames) is developed and analyzed by using ETABS ; it proves that the combined model is better option. Key Words: Composite structure, Tall Building and Steel structures
STRUCTURE PROPERTY CORRELATION OF MODIFIED Al-Mg ALLOYS FOR AEROSPACE APPLICA...sivanagaraju chittelu
Making a new metal for Aerospace applications which is made of many components .Major metals are Aluminium and Magnesium.Checking its structures and properties .
Seismic Analysis and Design of Reinforced Concrete Multistory Building under ...ijtsrd
Impact of wind load as a marvel on structures, especially tall plans cant be unseen. Its major to ponder the deferred result of wind in style and appraisal of plans. The plan is explored for the gravity loads and besides for the equivalent loads for example wind load in zone ii Bhopal , zone iii Nagpur , zone iv Delhi , zone v Calcutta , zone vi Darbhanga .The structure is made on the thing known as staad.pro v8i. This appraisal is the assessment of the Reinforced strong cement multi story building G 10 . The codes utilized for the evaluations of Dead weight are IS 875 Part 1 1987 ,for live weight the code IS 875 Part 2 1987 and for the incorporates of wind power in various breeze zones are IS 875 fragment 3 1987.The deferred result of these appraisal shows the adjustment of forces, departures responses and weight of steel the proportion of partner material expected to negate equivalent loads will increase without a doubt. Amount of essential material expected to go against sidelong loads will augment profoundly. Subodh Kumar | Prof. Priyanka Dubey "Seismic Analysis & Design of Reinforced Concrete Multistory Building under Different Zone's" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd46404.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/46404/seismic-analysis-and-design-of-reinforced-concrete-multistory-building-under-different-zone's/subodh-kumar
The document provides details of the computer aided design and analysis of a G+20 multi-storey residential building located in Patna using STAAD-Pro software. The building is designed as a reinforced concrete framed structure according to Indian codes IS 456, IS 875, and IS 1893. Load calculations are performed for dead loads, live loads, and wind loads. Analysis of the building is carried out to determine member forces from gravity and lateral loads.
Fire Induced Progressive Collapse of Multi-Storied Steel StructureIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzed the progressive collapse of a 14-story steel frame structure due to fire loads using ETABS software. The structure was modeled and analyzed by applying a fire load of 550°C to corner, edge, intermediate, and re-entrant columns on alternating floors according to GSA guidelines. Demand capacity ratios and axial loads of the columns were obtained both before and after the fire load was applied. The results showed demand capacity ratios remained below 2 and axial loads increased after fire, indicating the structure would not experience progressive collapse from the simulated fire loads.
IRJET - Comparison of Seismic Behavior of Multi-Storey Structure with Com...IRJET Journal
This document compares the seismic behavior of multi-storey structures with composite columns and reinforced concrete columns. Three models are analyzed: a normal reinforced concrete building, a building with composite tube sections in the columns, and a building with I-sections and rebar in the columns. The models are analyzed using ETABS software and time history data from a 2009 earthquake. Parameters like base shear, storey drift, displacement, stiffness, and overturning moment are compared. The results show that the reinforced concrete model performs poorer in terms of base shear, drift, displacement, and stiffness compared to the composite column models. The I-section column model performs best by having the lowest base shear and drift values.
This document evaluates the mechanical properties of aluminum 2024-based hybrid metal composites. It discusses how aluminum 2024 alloy is commonly used in aircraft structures due to its high strength and fatigue resistance. The document then describes creating aluminum 2024-based composites reinforced with E-glass fibers and fly ash using stir casting. Tensile and compression tests were performed on the composite materials and aluminum 2024 alloy to compare their mechanical properties. The results showed that the composite materials achieved better tensile and compression strength compared to aluminum 2024 alloy alone.
Dynamic Analysis of Multi Storey Steel StructuresIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the dynamic behavior of multi-storey steel structures subjected to earthquakes through modeling and analysis in STAAD Pro. It summarizes that steel structures perform better than other materials in earthquakes due to their lower mass and consequent lower seismic forces. A 20-storey steel building is modeled and analyzed using response spectrum analysis to investigate seismic responses at different zones. Results show base shear, displacements and drifts increase with zone and floor level. Dynamic analysis yields lower forces than static analysis, demonstrating steel structures' improved earthquake resistance.
Optimisation of earth quake response of tall building by using different fram...eSAT Journals
Abstract In India reinforced concrete structures are mostly used since this is the most convenient & economic system for low-rise buildings. However, for medium to high-rise buildings this type of structure is no longer economic because of increased dead load, less stiffness, span restriction and hazardous formwork. So the Structural engineers are facing the challenge of striving for the most efficient and economical design solution. Also Earthquake engineering should be extended to the design of earthquake sensitive tall buildings. Use of composite material is of particular interest, due to its significant potential in improving the overall performance through rather modest changes in manufacturing and constructional technologies. In India, many consulting engineers are reluctant to accept the use of composite steel-concrete structure because of its unfamiliarity and complexity in its analysis and design. But literature says that if properly configured, then composite steel-concrete system can provide extremely economical structural systems with high durability, rapid erection and superior seismic performance characteristics. This paper discusses Optimization of Earth quack response of tall building by using different types of framing system over the height of the building . So to optimize the earth quack response, a Ten story Combined model ( R.C.C, Composite and Steel frames) is developed and analyzed by using ETABS ; it proves that the combined model is better option. Key Words: Composite structure, Tall Building and Steel structures
STRUCTURE PROPERTY CORRELATION OF MODIFIED Al-Mg ALLOYS FOR AEROSPACE APPLICA...sivanagaraju chittelu
Making a new metal for Aerospace applications which is made of many components .Major metals are Aluminium and Magnesium.Checking its structures and properties .
IRJET-The Study of Effect of Blast Load on Multi-Storey Building by using Tim...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the effect of blast loads on multi-storey buildings using time history analysis. A G+4 storey reinforced concrete building is subjected to blast loads from charges weighing 100, 300, and 500kg placed at standoff distances of 30, 40, and 50m. Nonlinear time history analysis is carried out using ETABS 2016 software. The response of the structure is examined in terms of displacement, velocity, acceleration, storey drift, beam forces, column forces, and storey displacement. The results show that when the blast source is closer and the charge weight is higher, the building response is more critical.
IRJET- Dynamic Analysis of Tall Tubular Steel Structures of Hexagon Configura...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the dynamic analysis of tall tubular steel structures with hexagonal configurations. It aims to understand the behavior of such structures compared to traditional steel beam-column frames. Models of an 88-story office building are created in ETABS with different structural systems - a steel moment frame, hexagonal tubular frame, and hexagonal frame with diagonal bracing. The models are analyzed under wind, gravity, and earthquake loads. Results for base shear, displacements, drifts and frequencies are compared between the systems. The study aims to determine the optimal geometric configuration for tall tubular steel structures.
IRJET- Comparative Study of R.C.C and Steel (G+4 Storey) BuildingIRJET Journal
This document compares the structural analysis of a G+4 reinforced concrete (RC) building and steel building using STAAD Pro software. Key results include:
1) The steel building showed lower maximum displacements than the RC building, indicating it is stiffer.
2) The RC building had higher maximum bending moments and shear forces than the steel building, meaning greater internal forces were induced in the RC structure from loads.
3) Both buildings met code requirements for storey drift, though drift was lower in the steel building, further suggesting it is more rigid than the RC equivalent.
The document discusses multi response optimization of friction stir welding (FSW) parameters for aluminum alloy AA6105 using the Taguchi method. It first provides background on welding processes including FSW. It then discusses factors that affect FSW quality like rotational speed, welding speed, and tilt angle. The document proposes using an L9 orthogonal array experiment with three control factors and mechanical properties and microstructure as response variables. The methodology involves conducting experiments, applying Taguchi analysis and ANOVA to optimize parameters for properties like tensile strength and hardness. The research aims to minimize defects and improve joint quality of AA6105. Equipment for FSW and response testing is also detailed.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
IRJET- Study on Rigid and Semi Rigid Diaphragm in Multistoried Structure usin...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the seismic analysis of multistory reinforced concrete structures considering rigid and semi-rigid floor diaphragms. The study was carried out using ETABS software to analyze structures with rigid diaphragms, semi-rigid diaphragms, and no diaphragms. Results were collected in terms of base shear, maximum story displacement, and maximum story drift for different soil types and seismic zones. The results showed that structures with rigid diaphragms performed better with less displacement compared to structures with semi-rigid or no diaphragms. Rigid diaphragms increased the base shear but reduced displacement by up to 45% and provided better stiffness. In conclusion, rigid
Building Structure - Structural Analysis of a bungalowLovie Tey
In a group of 3, we are to design a 2 storey bungalow which consists of the following components.
1. 1 master bedroom with attached bathroom
2. Minimum 3 bedrooms
3. 2 bathrooms
4. Kitchen
5. Living Hall
6. Dining Area
7. 1 Store room.
We are to compile an A4 report which consists of;
- All floor plans ( Ground Floor Plans, First Floor and Roof Plan )
- Structural plans
- Design Brief
- Beam analysis report
- COlumn ANalysis Report
This document provides a manual for the design and detailing of reinforced concrete structures according to the Code of Practice for Structural Use of Concrete 2004. The manual acknowledges Professor A.K.H. Kwan for his advice in drafting the contents. It contains 16 sections that cover topics such as basis of design, beams, slabs, columns, joints, walls, footings, and design for robustness. Appendices include comparisons to other codes, derivations of design formulas, and analyses related to serviceability limit states. The purpose is to outline best practices for detailed design and construction based on the limit state approach in the new Hong Kong code.
The document summarizes the planning, analysis, and design of a multispecialty hospital building. It includes the objectives to prepare architectural drawings, analyze the G+2 building using STAAD Pro, and design the building according to IS 456:2000 using the working stress method. It describes analyzing the building's ability to resist lateral loads. Maximum bending moments in beams and columns will depend on their relative rigidity. Structural elements like slabs, beams, columns, footings, and staircases will be designed according to code specifications using the working stress method.
Non-Linear Analysis of Steel Domes Coated with GFRP having Circular CutoutsIRJET Journal
1) The document describes a study analyzing different models of steel domes with circular cutouts coated with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) using finite element analysis software.
2) Five models were analyzed: a steel dome without cutouts, steel domes with three circular cutouts and GFRP coating with two different fiber stacking sequences, and models with the cutouts radially restrained.
3) The results show that radially restraining the cutouts reduces deflection under load compared to unrestrained cutouts. Models with a particular stacking sequence and restrained cutouts showed the highest load capacity and lowest deflection.
This document summarizes a study on the effect of chromium content on the microstructure and wear resistance of Fe-Cr-C hard facing layers. Hard facing layers containing various amounts of chromium were deposited on mild steel using shielded metal arc welding. Testing found that microstructure consisted of primary (Cr, Fe)7C3 carbides and eutectic phases. Higher chromium content refined the carbides. Wear resistance testing found that higher chromium, carbon, and silicon content resulted in higher hardness and less wear. Electrode I, with higher amounts of these elements, exhibited less wear than Electrode II. In conclusion, chromium content significantly affects microstructure and wear resistance, with higher chromium improving hardness and wear performance of Fe
Study of Steel Moment Resisting Frame with Reduced Beam SectionIJERA Editor
This document summarizes a study on modeling and analyzing a 15-story steel building with and without reduced beam sections (RBS) using time history analysis. The study found that using RBS increased the building's time period by 25% and increased deflections and drifts compared to a building with regular beams. However, base shear was nearly identical between the two buildings. While RBS increased deformations, it also reduced the total steel material needed by about 11.5 tons, providing a cost savings of around $7,480. Therefore, RBS can improve seismic performance by shifting plastic hinging away from beam-column connections while also offering a cost benefit from reduced material.
Important Characteristics and Behavioral Impact of Materials to Be Used in Ta...RSIS International
This paper reviews the importance of composite
structure in construction of high rise buildings. Here there is
basic comparison between the commonly used construction
materials i.e. steel and concrete. The significance of each of this
material in construction field has been briefly discussed. also,
some important characteristics of each material is explained.
The document analyzes the mechanical properties of carbides in three commercial cold work tool steels using nanoindentation techniques. It finds that nanoindentation can effectively measure the hardness, elastic modulus, and fracture toughness of micron-sized carbides. Each tool steel contains two types of primary carbides ("hard" and "soft") that differ in morphology, chemical composition, and mechanical properties, with hard carbides generally having higher hardness and fracture toughness. Fracture toughness is also found to depend on carbide orientation in one of the tool steels.
Experimental investigation of the effect of cold joint on strength and stiffn...EditorIJAERD
in this paper the effect of cold joint has been discussed for two RC Beam-Column Connections. Specimen 1
was poured monolithically whereas, construction joint in specimen 2 at bottom and top column was provided according
to section 3.2.2.2, ACI 224.3R-95. Both specimens were tested through quasi static cyclic loading under displacement
controlled condition, and the effect of cold joint was investigated. It was concluded that due to construction joint in
connections the maximum load carrying capacity decreases up to 39%. In addition, the strength degradation was more in
specimen having construction joint in column. Similarly the stiffness degradation decreases up to 50% due construction
joint. It was also observed that specimen having construction joint shows overall strength lost at 1.5% while specimen
having no construction joint was maintain their strength up to 3% drift.
This document summarizes research on the hot deformation behavior of a twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steel containing 20% manganese. Hot compression tests were performed at temperatures from 800-1200°C and strain rates from 0.001-0.1 s-1. The steel exhibited high strength over 1000 MPa and ductility over 55% at room temperature due to twinning. Flow curves showed stress increased with lower temperatures and higher strain rates. Microstructures indicated dynamic recrystallization was slow. Double hit compression tests at 900°C showed static recrystallization kinetics were also relatively slow, with over 70% recrystallization after 50-100 seconds. The results provide important insights for controlling hot working
IRJET- Comparative Study on Analysis and Cost Estimation of RC Structure ...IRJET Journal
This document compares the analysis, design, and cost estimation of reinforced concrete (RC) and steel structures for a proposed two-story college building. Both RC and steel structural models are created in ETABS and STAAD Pro software. Loads, bending moments, shear forces, and reactions are calculated and compared. The steel structure is found to have higher bending moments but lower shear forces compared to the RC structure. The steel structure also has a lower dead load, smaller member sizes, and requires less construction time. A cost estimation shows the steel structure to have a lower total construction cost. The document concludes the steel structure would be more suitable for the two-story building due to its cost and construction advantages over the RC structure.
- Evolution of the design standards
- Composition and links between Eurocodes
- Fundamental requirement in Eurocodes
- Eurocode 0 : BASIS OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN
- Partial Factor method - probabilism
- Limit states
- Eurocode 1 - Actions and combinations
This document provides a manual for designing and detailing reinforced concrete structures according to the 2013 Code of Practice for Structural Use of Concrete in Hong Kong. The manual covers topics such as beams, slabs, columns, beam-column joints, walls, footings, and general detailing requirements. It discusses key changes in the updated code, provides design examples and charts, and describes computer methods commonly used for analysis and design.
This document summarizes a study on the building performance of steel structures. It discusses composite steel-concrete beams and columns where steel and concrete act together. A 3D finite element model was created to analyze different grades of materials. Non-linear analysis of the model obtained the capacity curve and performance point, showing the structure has good performance and earthquake resistance. The design and analysis of the steel and reinforced concrete building models were done using IS codes and the software program Statpro V8i ss6. Load calculations, member assignments, and response spectrum analysis determined deflections, displacements, and seismic resistance.
IRJET- Comparative Analysis and Design of Multi-Story Composite and Conventio...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative analysis of multi-story composite and conventional reinforced concrete frame structures (G+21) using ETABS software. It summarizes the modeling and analysis of composite and concrete building models, and compares the results for base shear, axial force, and shear force. The analysis found that while base shear and axial force values were generally higher for concrete structures, shear force values tended to be higher for composite structures, especially at lower story levels. The document concludes the composite structure is more efficient due to benefits like reduced dead load, cost savings, and faster construction time compared to conventional reinforced concrete.
IRJET-The Study of Effect of Blast Load on Multi-Storey Building by using Tim...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the effect of blast loads on multi-storey buildings using time history analysis. A G+4 storey reinforced concrete building is subjected to blast loads from charges weighing 100, 300, and 500kg placed at standoff distances of 30, 40, and 50m. Nonlinear time history analysis is carried out using ETABS 2016 software. The response of the structure is examined in terms of displacement, velocity, acceleration, storey drift, beam forces, column forces, and storey displacement. The results show that when the blast source is closer and the charge weight is higher, the building response is more critical.
IRJET- Dynamic Analysis of Tall Tubular Steel Structures of Hexagon Configura...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the dynamic analysis of tall tubular steel structures with hexagonal configurations. It aims to understand the behavior of such structures compared to traditional steel beam-column frames. Models of an 88-story office building are created in ETABS with different structural systems - a steel moment frame, hexagonal tubular frame, and hexagonal frame with diagonal bracing. The models are analyzed under wind, gravity, and earthquake loads. Results for base shear, displacements, drifts and frequencies are compared between the systems. The study aims to determine the optimal geometric configuration for tall tubular steel structures.
IRJET- Comparative Study of R.C.C and Steel (G+4 Storey) BuildingIRJET Journal
This document compares the structural analysis of a G+4 reinforced concrete (RC) building and steel building using STAAD Pro software. Key results include:
1) The steel building showed lower maximum displacements than the RC building, indicating it is stiffer.
2) The RC building had higher maximum bending moments and shear forces than the steel building, meaning greater internal forces were induced in the RC structure from loads.
3) Both buildings met code requirements for storey drift, though drift was lower in the steel building, further suggesting it is more rigid than the RC equivalent.
The document discusses multi response optimization of friction stir welding (FSW) parameters for aluminum alloy AA6105 using the Taguchi method. It first provides background on welding processes including FSW. It then discusses factors that affect FSW quality like rotational speed, welding speed, and tilt angle. The document proposes using an L9 orthogonal array experiment with three control factors and mechanical properties and microstructure as response variables. The methodology involves conducting experiments, applying Taguchi analysis and ANOVA to optimize parameters for properties like tensile strength and hardness. The research aims to minimize defects and improve joint quality of AA6105. Equipment for FSW and response testing is also detailed.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
IRJET- Study on Rigid and Semi Rigid Diaphragm in Multistoried Structure usin...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the seismic analysis of multistory reinforced concrete structures considering rigid and semi-rigid floor diaphragms. The study was carried out using ETABS software to analyze structures with rigid diaphragms, semi-rigid diaphragms, and no diaphragms. Results were collected in terms of base shear, maximum story displacement, and maximum story drift for different soil types and seismic zones. The results showed that structures with rigid diaphragms performed better with less displacement compared to structures with semi-rigid or no diaphragms. Rigid diaphragms increased the base shear but reduced displacement by up to 45% and provided better stiffness. In conclusion, rigid
Building Structure - Structural Analysis of a bungalowLovie Tey
In a group of 3, we are to design a 2 storey bungalow which consists of the following components.
1. 1 master bedroom with attached bathroom
2. Minimum 3 bedrooms
3. 2 bathrooms
4. Kitchen
5. Living Hall
6. Dining Area
7. 1 Store room.
We are to compile an A4 report which consists of;
- All floor plans ( Ground Floor Plans, First Floor and Roof Plan )
- Structural plans
- Design Brief
- Beam analysis report
- COlumn ANalysis Report
This document provides a manual for the design and detailing of reinforced concrete structures according to the Code of Practice for Structural Use of Concrete 2004. The manual acknowledges Professor A.K.H. Kwan for his advice in drafting the contents. It contains 16 sections that cover topics such as basis of design, beams, slabs, columns, joints, walls, footings, and design for robustness. Appendices include comparisons to other codes, derivations of design formulas, and analyses related to serviceability limit states. The purpose is to outline best practices for detailed design and construction based on the limit state approach in the new Hong Kong code.
The document summarizes the planning, analysis, and design of a multispecialty hospital building. It includes the objectives to prepare architectural drawings, analyze the G+2 building using STAAD Pro, and design the building according to IS 456:2000 using the working stress method. It describes analyzing the building's ability to resist lateral loads. Maximum bending moments in beams and columns will depend on their relative rigidity. Structural elements like slabs, beams, columns, footings, and staircases will be designed according to code specifications using the working stress method.
Non-Linear Analysis of Steel Domes Coated with GFRP having Circular CutoutsIRJET Journal
1) The document describes a study analyzing different models of steel domes with circular cutouts coated with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) using finite element analysis software.
2) Five models were analyzed: a steel dome without cutouts, steel domes with three circular cutouts and GFRP coating with two different fiber stacking sequences, and models with the cutouts radially restrained.
3) The results show that radially restraining the cutouts reduces deflection under load compared to unrestrained cutouts. Models with a particular stacking sequence and restrained cutouts showed the highest load capacity and lowest deflection.
This document summarizes a study on the effect of chromium content on the microstructure and wear resistance of Fe-Cr-C hard facing layers. Hard facing layers containing various amounts of chromium were deposited on mild steel using shielded metal arc welding. Testing found that microstructure consisted of primary (Cr, Fe)7C3 carbides and eutectic phases. Higher chromium content refined the carbides. Wear resistance testing found that higher chromium, carbon, and silicon content resulted in higher hardness and less wear. Electrode I, with higher amounts of these elements, exhibited less wear than Electrode II. In conclusion, chromium content significantly affects microstructure and wear resistance, with higher chromium improving hardness and wear performance of Fe
Study of Steel Moment Resisting Frame with Reduced Beam SectionIJERA Editor
This document summarizes a study on modeling and analyzing a 15-story steel building with and without reduced beam sections (RBS) using time history analysis. The study found that using RBS increased the building's time period by 25% and increased deflections and drifts compared to a building with regular beams. However, base shear was nearly identical between the two buildings. While RBS increased deformations, it also reduced the total steel material needed by about 11.5 tons, providing a cost savings of around $7,480. Therefore, RBS can improve seismic performance by shifting plastic hinging away from beam-column connections while also offering a cost benefit from reduced material.
Important Characteristics and Behavioral Impact of Materials to Be Used in Ta...RSIS International
This paper reviews the importance of composite
structure in construction of high rise buildings. Here there is
basic comparison between the commonly used construction
materials i.e. steel and concrete. The significance of each of this
material in construction field has been briefly discussed. also,
some important characteristics of each material is explained.
The document analyzes the mechanical properties of carbides in three commercial cold work tool steels using nanoindentation techniques. It finds that nanoindentation can effectively measure the hardness, elastic modulus, and fracture toughness of micron-sized carbides. Each tool steel contains two types of primary carbides ("hard" and "soft") that differ in morphology, chemical composition, and mechanical properties, with hard carbides generally having higher hardness and fracture toughness. Fracture toughness is also found to depend on carbide orientation in one of the tool steels.
Experimental investigation of the effect of cold joint on strength and stiffn...EditorIJAERD
in this paper the effect of cold joint has been discussed for two RC Beam-Column Connections. Specimen 1
was poured monolithically whereas, construction joint in specimen 2 at bottom and top column was provided according
to section 3.2.2.2, ACI 224.3R-95. Both specimens were tested through quasi static cyclic loading under displacement
controlled condition, and the effect of cold joint was investigated. It was concluded that due to construction joint in
connections the maximum load carrying capacity decreases up to 39%. In addition, the strength degradation was more in
specimen having construction joint in column. Similarly the stiffness degradation decreases up to 50% due construction
joint. It was also observed that specimen having construction joint shows overall strength lost at 1.5% while specimen
having no construction joint was maintain their strength up to 3% drift.
This document summarizes research on the hot deformation behavior of a twinning induced plasticity (TWIP) steel containing 20% manganese. Hot compression tests were performed at temperatures from 800-1200°C and strain rates from 0.001-0.1 s-1. The steel exhibited high strength over 1000 MPa and ductility over 55% at room temperature due to twinning. Flow curves showed stress increased with lower temperatures and higher strain rates. Microstructures indicated dynamic recrystallization was slow. Double hit compression tests at 900°C showed static recrystallization kinetics were also relatively slow, with over 70% recrystallization after 50-100 seconds. The results provide important insights for controlling hot working
IRJET- Comparative Study on Analysis and Cost Estimation of RC Structure ...IRJET Journal
This document compares the analysis, design, and cost estimation of reinforced concrete (RC) and steel structures for a proposed two-story college building. Both RC and steel structural models are created in ETABS and STAAD Pro software. Loads, bending moments, shear forces, and reactions are calculated and compared. The steel structure is found to have higher bending moments but lower shear forces compared to the RC structure. The steel structure also has a lower dead load, smaller member sizes, and requires less construction time. A cost estimation shows the steel structure to have a lower total construction cost. The document concludes the steel structure would be more suitable for the two-story building due to its cost and construction advantages over the RC structure.
- Evolution of the design standards
- Composition and links between Eurocodes
- Fundamental requirement in Eurocodes
- Eurocode 0 : BASIS OF STRUCTURAL DESIGN
- Partial Factor method - probabilism
- Limit states
- Eurocode 1 - Actions and combinations
This document provides a manual for designing and detailing reinforced concrete structures according to the 2013 Code of Practice for Structural Use of Concrete in Hong Kong. The manual covers topics such as beams, slabs, columns, beam-column joints, walls, footings, and general detailing requirements. It discusses key changes in the updated code, provides design examples and charts, and describes computer methods commonly used for analysis and design.
This document summarizes a study on the building performance of steel structures. It discusses composite steel-concrete beams and columns where steel and concrete act together. A 3D finite element model was created to analyze different grades of materials. Non-linear analysis of the model obtained the capacity curve and performance point, showing the structure has good performance and earthquake resistance. The design and analysis of the steel and reinforced concrete building models were done using IS codes and the software program Statpro V8i ss6. Load calculations, member assignments, and response spectrum analysis determined deflections, displacements, and seismic resistance.
IRJET- Comparative Analysis and Design of Multi-Story Composite and Conventio...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative analysis of multi-story composite and conventional reinforced concrete frame structures (G+21) using ETABS software. It summarizes the modeling and analysis of composite and concrete building models, and compares the results for base shear, axial force, and shear force. The analysis found that while base shear and axial force values were generally higher for concrete structures, shear force values tended to be higher for composite structures, especially at lower story levels. The document concludes the composite structure is more efficient due to benefits like reduced dead load, cost savings, and faster construction time compared to conventional reinforced concrete.
IRJET- Dynamic Analysis of Tall Tubular Steel Structures for Different Geomet...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the dynamic behavior of tall tubular steel structures with different geometric configurations (square, rectangular, triangular, hexagonal) using computer modeling and simulation. Modal analysis showed hexagonal structures have the longest period and lowest frequency, indicating greater stability. Earthquake and wind analyses found hexagonal structures experienced the highest displacements and drift. In general, tubular structures performed better than conventional steel frames. Future work could optimize hexagonal designs using additional structural systems or analyze complex tube-in-tube configurations.
IRJET- Comparative Study on the Seismic Behaviour of RCC and Steel-Concrete C...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative study on the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete concrete (RCC) frame structures and steel-concrete composite frame structures. Five 20-story building models are analyzed: one RCC structure and four composite structures with different column and beam configurations. Parameters like time period, story displacement, drift ratio, base shear, etc. are extracted and compared for the structures under equivalent static and response spectrum analysis for seismic zones II and V. The results show that composite structures have higher time periods and displacements but lower drift ratios and base shears compared to the RCC structure. In particular, composite model 3 with rectangular concrete filled steel columns performed better with smaller displacements and drift ratios.
Comparative Study on CFST and RC Column in the RC Frame StructureIRJET Journal
The document compares the response of three different column types in a multi-story building model under dynamic analysis: 1) A standard reinforced concrete column (Model 1), 2) A concrete-filled steel tube column (Model 2), and 3) A composite column with an I-section steel core and reinforcement (Model 3). The models are analyzed using ETABS software based on Indian seismic codes. Parameters like story acceleration, mode shape, column forces, story overturning moment, and base reaction are compared to evaluate the stability of each model under seismic loads.
ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED CONCRETE FRAMED STRUCTURE(G+15) WITH STEEL BRACING SYS...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes the analysis of a reinforced concrete framed structure (G+15 building) with steel bracing systems using ETABS software. The building was modeled in three configurations - without bracing/shear walls, with various bracing systems, and with shear walls. Bracings and shear walls were placed at the center bays. The models were analyzed for seismic forces in various seismic zones using ETABS. Story displacement and story shear values were compared for models with V-bracing and chevron bracing. It was found that chevron bracing performed better in Zones II&III while V-bracing was better in Zones IV&V.
The document analyzes the blast resistance of structures through modeling and analysis. It studies a 12-story reinforced concrete building model subjected to different blast loads. Four different structural models are analyzed: conventional frame, increased member sizes, addition of corner shear walls, and addition of corner steel bracing. The models are analyzed under blast loads of 100kg and 300kg at standoff distances of 20m and 30m. Results show time periods and frequencies varying between the models, with the conventional frame having the highest time periods. Addition of shear walls reduces time periods the most. The study concludes variations could be analyzed for unsymmetrical structures.
EFFECT OF SEISMIC LOAD ON REINFORCED CONCRETE MULTISTORY BUILDING FROM ECONOM...IAEME Publication
This paper aims at studying the effect of earthquake loading on the constructional
design of a 20-storey reinforced concrete residential building from economical point
of view. This type of loading should be taken into considerations now in Iraq
especially after the earthquake of 7.3 magnitude that occurred in November 2017 near
the city of Halabja by about 31 kilometers. The same reinforced concrete multistory
building was designed twice; once with traditional gravity dead and live loading and
the second with adding earthquake loading in order to discuss the difference from
structural and economical points of view. A commercial package ETABS2018 was
used to analyze this 60-meter-high building. The building was analyzed according to
the American code ASCE7-10, while it was designed according to ACI 318-14. A huge
increase in the steel reinforcement amounts in columns, beams, slabs and shear walls
were recorded due to taking the seismic load into considerations. More specifically,
the reinforcing steel amounts increased by about 327%, 165%, 40% and 91.3% for
columns, beams, slabs and shear walls, respectively. Therefore, cost was raised by
about 328%, 165%, 40% and 91.3% for columns, beams, slabs and shear walls,
respectively. It is worth to mention here that the maximum increase in main
reinforcement of beams was observed on the storey 10. Whereas, in slabs, the
maximum increase that was recorded in main steel reinforcement was happened from
the storey 8 to the building top. In columns, the main reinforcement increase was seen
on the 9th, 10th and 11th storeys. Finally, in shear walls, the main reinforcement
increase was seen in the 1
st
, 2
nd
and 3
rd
storey due to effect lateral shear forces
A Comparative Seismic Evaluation of GFRP Reinforced and Steel Reinforced Conc...IRJET Journal
The document compares the seismic performance of GFRP reinforced and steel reinforced concrete buildings using ETABS software. A G+3 storey building with 3.5m floor height was modeled and analyzed using equivalent static analysis in both longitudinal and transverse directions. Results for storey shear, lateral displacement, and storey drift under different load combinations are presented. The analysis found that the GFRP reinforced building experienced 11-15% higher displacements and drifts compared to the steel reinforced building. However, the storey shears were similar. In conclusion, GFRP reinforcement can be used as an alternative to steel but results in slightly higher deformations under seismic loads.
SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF STEEL PLATE SHEAR WALLIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the seismic performance of a steel plate shear wall system in a 7-story building. Equivalent static analysis was performed using ETABS software. The building was modeled with 8mm thick steel plates as shear walls bounded by ISHB 550 beams. Various responses were analyzed, including bending moment, story displacement, story drift, and steel plate stress. Results showed story drift was within code limits. Bending moment was also within permissible limits, indicating the design is seismically safe. Steel plate shear walls can effectively resist lateral loads compared to reinforced concrete shear walls and are easily replaceable if damaged in an earthquake.
IMPROVING THE STRUCTURAL EFFICIENCY OF STEEL TRUSSES BY COMPARATIVE STUDYIRJET Journal
1) The document discusses analyzing the structural efficiency of different types of steel trusses (Warren, Patt and Howe) through modeling in STAAD Pro software.
2) A Warren truss bridge model is analyzed under dead load, live load, and seismic load conditions. Displacement over time is highest for the Warren truss.
3) Natural frequencies are calculated, with Warren and Patt trusses having higher frequencies than the Howe truss.
4) The Warren truss experiences the greatest displacement under seismic loads, while the Patt and Howe trusses displace less.
Comparative study on behaviour of RCC and steel – concrete composite multisto...IRJET Journal
This document compares the behavior of reinforced concrete (RCC) and steel-concrete composite multi-storey buildings through modeling and analysis. Three 10-story building models are created - one with RCC structure and two with composite structures using encased columns and concrete filled tubes. The models are analyzed using ETABS software to compare parameters like joint displacement, story drift, story shear, and cost. The results show that composite structures have higher joint displacements but lower story drifts and shears compared to RCC. Construction costs are also around 65% lower for the composite structures compared to RCC due to reduced concrete and rebar usage. In conclusion, composite structures provide better seismic performance and are more economical than conventional RCC
IRJET- Disproportionate Collapse in Building StructureIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the progressive collapse potential of a 6-story reinforced concrete building using nonlinear static analysis. Different columns are removed one at a time to simulate abnormal loading events. Demand-capacity ratios are calculated for flexure, shear, and axial forces for each case. Results like story displacement, drift, and shear are also obtained. Demand-capacity ratios exceed acceptable limits for flexure and shear in beams when corner or middle columns are removed, indicating failure. Story displacement is highest when the corner column is removed. Story drift increases then decreases with height. This analysis evaluates the building's ability to arrest disproportionate collapse when vertical load-carrying members are compromised.
A RESEARCH ON ANALYSIS OF PROGRESSIVE COLLPSE OF RCC BUILDING WITH BLAST LOAD...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a research study on analyzing the progressive collapse of reinforced concrete (RCC) buildings under blast and seismic loading. Progressive collapse is defined as the failure or disproportionate collapse of a building due to the spread of local failure through the structure. The study performs progressive collapse analysis on low-rise (G+4), medium-rise (G+17) and high-rise (G+22) RCC buildings using Staad Pro software. Columns are removed to initiate progressive collapse, and demand capacity ratios are calculated to check if the structures meet acceptance criteria. The results show the low-rise and high-rise buildings meet criteria, but medium-rise building needs redesign due to higher demand capacity ratio.
Design of Metal Deck Sheet and Composite I-Section as secondary memberIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design of a metal deck sheet and composite I-section beam to be used as secondary structural members. It first provides an introduction to steel structures and their advantages. It then outlines the loads considered in the design, including dead and live loads. The design of the metal deck sheet is presented, checking that it satisfies bending stress and deflection requirements. Finally, the design of the composite I-section beam is described, analyzing it under dead and live loads and checking stresses, deflections, and shear capacity. The design satisfies all code requirements.
IRJET- A Study on Seismic Analysis of RC Framed Structures on Varying Slo...IRJET Journal
This document presents a study on the seismic analysis of reinforced concrete framed structures located on varying slope angles, with and without shear walls. 12 models of a 10-story building were developed with slope angles of 0°, 11.25°, 22.5°, and 45° to analyze seismic performance. The models were analyzed using ETABS software for equivalent static and response spectrum analysis according to Indian seismic codes. Results for parameters like base shear, story shear, story displacement, and story drift were obtained and compared for models with shear walls at corners, corners and edges, and without shear walls. In general, models with shear walls performed better in reducing seismic demands.
IRJET- Analytical Study of Steel Buildings with Different Geometric Configura...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the effects of blast loads on steel frame buildings with different geometric configurations and bracing systems. Three building designs are modeled - a square plan with rectangular elevation, square plan with pyramidal elevation, and trapezoidal plan. The buildings are analyzed using ANSYS software under different explosive charge weights. Joint loads are calculated based on the tributary area method. Different bracing systems (X, K, and V-braces) are also analyzed to assess their effectiveness in resisting blast loads. The results are compared to determine which building configuration and bracing system is most efficient at resisting blast loads.
IRJET- Comparative Analysis of Moment Resisting Frames of Steel and Composit...IRJET Journal
This document compares moment resisting frames made of steel composite materials and reinforced concrete (RC) under seismic loading. Four models each of a G+10 and G+20 building were analyzed with ETABS software - two as ordinary moment resisting frames (OMRF) and two as special moment resisting frames (SMRF). Results for steel composite frames showed lower displacement, drift, and shear compared to RC frames, but within acceptable limits. Steel composite structures provide advantages over RC structures such as reduced weight, cost, and faster construction for high-rise buildings.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF STEEL BUILDING ON SLOPING GROUND FOR DIFFERENT ANGLEIRJET Journal
This document analyzes steel building frames on sloping ground at different angles using the ETABS software. 24 models are analyzed - 12 without bracing and 12 with bracing. The slopes are 10, 20, and 30 degrees. Key results are compared such as base shear, natural period of oscillation, and displacements. In general, natural period decreases as slope increases. Base shear generally increases with slope for G+10 and G+20 frames but decreases for G+30 frames. Displacements also tend to decrease with greater slopes. Bracing further reduces natural period and displacements. The G+30 frame requires bracing to meet deflection limits under wind loads. Sloped frames experience increased wind loads due to top
IRJET - Experimental Study on the Influence of Reinforcement Corrosion on Fir...IRJET Journal
This document describes an experimental study that aims to evaluate the influence of reinforcement corrosion on the fire performance of concrete beams wrapped with glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP). Sixteen identical concrete beams reinforced with steel bars were manufactured. Some beams were subjected to accelerated corrosion testing to induce different levels of corrosion. The corroded beams and control beams were then exposed to fire testing based on the ASTM E-119-12 standard time-temperature curve. After fire exposure, all beams will undergo four-point bending tests to compare the flexural properties and load capacities of the corroded beams and beams wrapped with GFRP. The study seeks to provide insights into how corrosion and GFRP wrapping affect the behavior of reinforced concrete beams during and
Similar to Parametric Study of RCC, Steel and Composite Structures Under Blast Loading (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
CHINA’S GEO-ECONOMIC OUTREACH IN CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES AND FUTURE PROSPECTjpsjournal1
The rivalry between prominent international actors for dominance over Central Asia's hydrocarbon
reserves and the ancient silk trade route, along with China's diplomatic endeavours in the area, has been
referred to as the "New Great Game." This research centres on the power struggle, considering
geopolitical, geostrategic, and geoeconomic variables. Topics including trade, political hegemony, oil
politics, and conventional and nontraditional security are all explored and explained by the researcher.
Using Mackinder's Heartland, Spykman Rimland, and Hegemonic Stability theories, examines China's role
in Central Asia. This study adheres to the empirical epistemological method and has taken care of
objectivity. This study analyze primary and secondary research documents critically to elaborate role of
china’s geo economic outreach in central Asian countries and its future prospect. China is thriving in trade,
pipeline politics, and winning states, according to this study, thanks to important instruments like the
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative. According to this study,
China is seeing significant success in commerce, pipeline politics, and gaining influence on other
governments. This success may be attributed to the effective utilisation of key tools such as the Shanghai
Cooperation Organisation and the Belt and Road Economic Initiative.
Use PyCharm for remote debugging of WSL on a Windo cf5c162d672e4e58b4dde5d797...shadow0702a
This document serves as a comprehensive step-by-step guide on how to effectively use PyCharm for remote debugging of the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on a local Windows machine. It meticulously outlines several critical steps in the process, starting with the crucial task of enabling permissions, followed by the installation and configuration of WSL.
The guide then proceeds to explain how to set up the SSH service within the WSL environment, an integral part of the process. Alongside this, it also provides detailed instructions on how to modify the inbound rules of the Windows firewall to facilitate the process, ensuring that there are no connectivity issues that could potentially hinder the debugging process.
The document further emphasizes on the importance of checking the connection between the Windows and WSL environments, providing instructions on how to ensure that the connection is optimal and ready for remote debugging.
It also offers an in-depth guide on how to configure the WSL interpreter and files within the PyCharm environment. This is essential for ensuring that the debugging process is set up correctly and that the program can be run effectively within the WSL terminal.
Additionally, the document provides guidance on how to set up breakpoints for debugging, a fundamental aspect of the debugging process which allows the developer to stop the execution of their code at certain points and inspect their program at those stages.
Finally, the document concludes by providing a link to a reference blog. This blog offers additional information and guidance on configuring the remote Python interpreter in PyCharm, providing the reader with a well-rounded understanding of the process.
The CBC machine is a common diagnostic tool used by doctors to measure a patient's red blood cell count, white blood cell count and platelet count. The machine uses a small sample of the patient's blood, which is then placed into special tubes and analyzed. The results of the analysis are then displayed on a screen for the doctor to review. The CBC machine is an important tool for diagnosing various conditions, such as anemia, infection and leukemia. It can also help to monitor a patient's response to treatment.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
Comparative analysis between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquapon...bijceesjournal
The aquaponic system of planting is a method that does not require soil usage. It is a method that only needs water, fish, lava rocks (a substitute for soil), and plants. Aquaponic systems are sustainable and environmentally friendly. Its use not only helps to plant in small spaces but also helps reduce artificial chemical use and minimizes excess water use, as aquaponics consumes 90% less water than soil-based gardening. The study applied a descriptive and experimental design to assess and compare conventional and reconstructed aquaponic methods for reproducing tomatoes. The researchers created an observation checklist to determine the significant factors of the study. The study aims to determine the significant difference between traditional aquaponics and reconstructed aquaponics systems propagating tomatoes in terms of height, weight, girth, and number of fruits. The reconstructed aquaponics system’s higher growth yield results in a much more nourished crop than the traditional aquaponics system. It is superior in its number of fruits, height, weight, and girth measurement. Moreover, the reconstructed aquaponics system is proven to eliminate all the hindrances present in the traditional aquaponics system, which are overcrowding of fish, algae growth, pest problems, contaminated water, and dead fish.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
UNLOCKING HEALTHCARE 4.0: NAVIGATING CRITICAL SUCCESS FACTORS FOR EFFECTIVE I...amsjournal
The Fourth Industrial Revolution is transforming industries, including healthcare, by integrating digital,
physical, and biological technologies. This study examines the integration of 4.0 technologies into
healthcare, identifying success factors and challenges through interviews with 70 stakeholders from 33
countries. Healthcare is evolving significantly, with varied objectives across nations aiming to improve
population health. The study explores stakeholders' perceptions on critical success factors, identifying
challenges such as insufficiently trained personnel, organizational silos, and structural barriers to data
exchange. Facilitators for integration include cost reduction initiatives and interoperability policies.
Technologies like IoT, Big Data, AI, Machine Learning, and robotics enhance diagnostics, treatment
precision, and real-time monitoring, reducing errors and optimizing resource utilization. Automation
improves employee satisfaction and patient care, while Blockchain and telemedicine drive cost reductions.
Successful integration requires skilled professionals and supportive policies, promising efficient resource
use, lower error rates, and accelerated processes, leading to optimized global healthcare outcomes.
ACEP Magazine edition 4th launched on 05.06.2024Rahul
This document provides information about the third edition of the magazine "Sthapatya" published by the Association of Civil Engineers (Practicing) Aurangabad. It includes messages from current and past presidents of ACEP, memories and photos from past ACEP events, information on life time achievement awards given by ACEP, and a technical article on concrete maintenance, repairs and strengthening. The document highlights activities of ACEP and provides a technical educational article for members.