This document compares moment resisting frames made of steel composite materials and reinforced concrete (RC) under seismic loading. Four models each of a G+10 and G+20 building were analyzed with ETABS software - two as ordinary moment resisting frames (OMRF) and two as special moment resisting frames (SMRF). Results for steel composite frames showed lower displacement, drift, and shear compared to RC frames, but within acceptable limits. Steel composite structures provide advantages over RC structures such as reduced weight, cost, and faster construction for high-rise buildings.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET - Seismic Comparison of OMRF & SMRF Structural System on Zone IIIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on comparing the seismic performance of Ordinary Moment Resisting Frames (OMRFs) and Special Moment Resisting Frames (SMRFs). Several studies are reviewed that analyze the response of OMRF and SMRF buildings to earthquake loading, specifically examining parameters like base shear, story drift, displacements and forces. The studies generally find that SMRFs perform better under seismic loads - experiencing lower forces and displacements. SMRFs are therefore considered more effective and safer for earthquake-resistant design.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the impact of plan irregularity in selecting a suitable structural framing system for analyzing and designing multi-story buildings. It analyzed and designed 20-story regular and irregular moment-resisting frames under gravity and seismic loads based on Indian codes. Results showed that plan irregularity did not significantly impact the amount of reinforcement required or the structural performance. Therefore, the study concluded that plan irregularity does not need to be an additional condition to consider when selecting an ordinary or special moment-resisting frame according to Indian code IS 13920:1993.
A comparative study of omrf & smrf structural system for tall & high ...eSAT Journals
Abstract The objective of this study is to investigate the seismic behavior of the structure i.e... OMRF (Ordinary moment resisting frame) & SMRF (Special R C moment Resisting frame). For this purpose 5th, 10th, 15th , 20th storied structure were modeled and analysis was done using Staad.Pro software and using the codes for analysis, IS 1893:2002, IS 456: 2000. The study assumed that the buildings were located in seismic zone II (Visakhapatnam region).The study involves the design of alternate shear wall in a structural frame and its orientation, which gives better results for the OMRF & SMRF structure constructed in and around Visakhapatnam region. The buildings are modeled with floor area of 600 sqm (20m x30m) with 5 bays along 20 m span each 4 m. and 5 bays along the 30 m span each 6 m. The design is carried out using STAAD.PRO software. Shear walls are designed by taking the results of the maximum value of the stress contour and calculation are done manually by using IS 456-2000 and IS 13920-1993. The displacements of the current level relative to the other level above or below are considered. The preferred framing system should meet drift requirements.
1. Up to 20 floored building subjected to seismic load for Visakhapatnam without shear wall
2. Up to 20 floored building subjected to seismic load for Visakhapatnam with shear wall
Key words: Seismic Behavior, Shear Wall, Orientation of shear wall, Story Drift, Serviceability. staad.pro
IRJET- A Study of Various Structural Framing Systems Subjected to Seismic LoadsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes previous research on analyzing the seismic behavior of different structural framing systems. Studies have compared the performance of Ordinary Moment Resisting Frames (OMRF) and Special Moment Resisting Frames (SMRF) in various seismic zones. The current study aims to compare the behavior of OMRF and SMRF structures in zones 3, 4, and 5 under seismic loads. It also examines using lightweight materials like siporex in zone 5 to improve seismic performance.
IRJET- Study of Behavior Parameters of the Building with Variations in Story ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study that analyzes the behavior of buildings with variations in story height and number of bays using different structural frame configurations. Ordinary moment resisting frames (OMRF) and special moment resisting frames (SMRF) are considered. Buildings are modeled and pushover analysis is performed using SAP2000 software. Behavior parameters are calculated from pushover curves and compared to investigate the performance of OMRF and SMRF structures. The objective is to determine the appropriate type of frame to use for seismic loads in different scenarios.
IRJET- Response Reduction Factor and Push Over Analysis of Existing High Rise...IRJET Journal
This document discusses performing a pushover analysis and calculating the response reduction factor of existing high-rise buildings. It analyzes two existing 21- and 30-story buildings in India using zone factor III seismic standards. The analysis is conducted using SAP2000 software to determine the capacity curve and response reduction factor. Various building codes are reviewed that provide response reduction factor values for different structural systems, including reinforced concrete moment frames.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF OMRF & SMRF STRUCTURAL SYSTEM USING DIFFERENT SOFTWARESAM Publications
This study is carried out to investigate the seismic behaviour of the structure having various structural configurations
like OMRF (Ordinary Moment Resisting Frames), SMRF (Special Moment Resisting Frames) using different softwares i.e.
Stadd.Pro & Etabs. A comparative study of all the types of frames will shed light on the best suited frame to be adopted for seismic
loads in Indian scenario. For this purpose, a G+6 storey R.C.C. regular building are analysed for OMRCF, SMRCF framing
configurations in Seismic Zone III & IV according to Indian codes. Linear static Analysis or Equivalent static Analysis are carried
out to evaluate their structural efficiencies in terms of storey drifts, average storey displacement, Time period. In OMRF structures
the design and detailing of reinforcement are executed as per the guide lines of I.S. 456-2000 which make the structure less tough
and ductile in comparison of SMRF structures. The basic approach of earthquake resistant design should be based on lateral
strength as well as deformability and ductility capacity of structure .In SMRF structures Beams, columns, and beam-column joints
are proportioned and detailed as per I.S. code 13920(2002) which give adequate toughness and ductility to resist severe earthquake
shock without collapse. Thus it has been observed that SMRF structures behave well in earthquake than OMRF structures.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
IRJET - Seismic Comparison of OMRF & SMRF Structural System on Zone IIIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on comparing the seismic performance of Ordinary Moment Resisting Frames (OMRFs) and Special Moment Resisting Frames (SMRFs). Several studies are reviewed that analyze the response of OMRF and SMRF buildings to earthquake loading, specifically examining parameters like base shear, story drift, displacements and forces. The studies generally find that SMRFs perform better under seismic loads - experiencing lower forces and displacements. SMRFs are therefore considered more effective and safer for earthquake-resistant design.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the impact of plan irregularity in selecting a suitable structural framing system for analyzing and designing multi-story buildings. It analyzed and designed 20-story regular and irregular moment-resisting frames under gravity and seismic loads based on Indian codes. Results showed that plan irregularity did not significantly impact the amount of reinforcement required or the structural performance. Therefore, the study concluded that plan irregularity does not need to be an additional condition to consider when selecting an ordinary or special moment-resisting frame according to Indian code IS 13920:1993.
A comparative study of omrf & smrf structural system for tall & high ...eSAT Journals
Abstract The objective of this study is to investigate the seismic behavior of the structure i.e... OMRF (Ordinary moment resisting frame) & SMRF (Special R C moment Resisting frame). For this purpose 5th, 10th, 15th , 20th storied structure were modeled and analysis was done using Staad.Pro software and using the codes for analysis, IS 1893:2002, IS 456: 2000. The study assumed that the buildings were located in seismic zone II (Visakhapatnam region).The study involves the design of alternate shear wall in a structural frame and its orientation, which gives better results for the OMRF & SMRF structure constructed in and around Visakhapatnam region. The buildings are modeled with floor area of 600 sqm (20m x30m) with 5 bays along 20 m span each 4 m. and 5 bays along the 30 m span each 6 m. The design is carried out using STAAD.PRO software. Shear walls are designed by taking the results of the maximum value of the stress contour and calculation are done manually by using IS 456-2000 and IS 13920-1993. The displacements of the current level relative to the other level above or below are considered. The preferred framing system should meet drift requirements.
1. Up to 20 floored building subjected to seismic load for Visakhapatnam without shear wall
2. Up to 20 floored building subjected to seismic load for Visakhapatnam with shear wall
Key words: Seismic Behavior, Shear Wall, Orientation of shear wall, Story Drift, Serviceability. staad.pro
IRJET- A Study of Various Structural Framing Systems Subjected to Seismic LoadsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes previous research on analyzing the seismic behavior of different structural framing systems. Studies have compared the performance of Ordinary Moment Resisting Frames (OMRF) and Special Moment Resisting Frames (SMRF) in various seismic zones. The current study aims to compare the behavior of OMRF and SMRF structures in zones 3, 4, and 5 under seismic loads. It also examines using lightweight materials like siporex in zone 5 to improve seismic performance.
IRJET- Study of Behavior Parameters of the Building with Variations in Story ...IRJET Journal
This document discusses a study that analyzes the behavior of buildings with variations in story height and number of bays using different structural frame configurations. Ordinary moment resisting frames (OMRF) and special moment resisting frames (SMRF) are considered. Buildings are modeled and pushover analysis is performed using SAP2000 software. Behavior parameters are calculated from pushover curves and compared to investigate the performance of OMRF and SMRF structures. The objective is to determine the appropriate type of frame to use for seismic loads in different scenarios.
IRJET- Response Reduction Factor and Push Over Analysis of Existing High Rise...IRJET Journal
This document discusses performing a pushover analysis and calculating the response reduction factor of existing high-rise buildings. It analyzes two existing 21- and 30-story buildings in India using zone factor III seismic standards. The analysis is conducted using SAP2000 software to determine the capacity curve and response reduction factor. Various building codes are reviewed that provide response reduction factor values for different structural systems, including reinforced concrete moment frames.
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF OMRF & SMRF STRUCTURAL SYSTEM USING DIFFERENT SOFTWARESAM Publications
This study is carried out to investigate the seismic behaviour of the structure having various structural configurations
like OMRF (Ordinary Moment Resisting Frames), SMRF (Special Moment Resisting Frames) using different softwares i.e.
Stadd.Pro & Etabs. A comparative study of all the types of frames will shed light on the best suited frame to be adopted for seismic
loads in Indian scenario. For this purpose, a G+6 storey R.C.C. regular building are analysed for OMRCF, SMRCF framing
configurations in Seismic Zone III & IV according to Indian codes. Linear static Analysis or Equivalent static Analysis are carried
out to evaluate their structural efficiencies in terms of storey drifts, average storey displacement, Time period. In OMRF structures
the design and detailing of reinforcement are executed as per the guide lines of I.S. 456-2000 which make the structure less tough
and ductile in comparison of SMRF structures. The basic approach of earthquake resistant design should be based on lateral
strength as well as deformability and ductility capacity of structure .In SMRF structures Beams, columns, and beam-column joints
are proportioned and detailed as per I.S. code 13920(2002) which give adequate toughness and ductility to resist severe earthquake
shock without collapse. Thus it has been observed that SMRF structures behave well in earthquake than OMRF structures.
This document reviews the behavior of special moment resisting frames (SMRFs) and intermediate moment resisting frames (IMRFs) during earthquakes. SMRFs are designed to withstand significant inelastic deformations in high seismic regions, while IMRFs are intended for moderate deformations in low to mid seismic areas. SMRFs have stricter design requirements than IMRFs. Analysis showed that SMRFs have greater collapse capacity and longer progressive collapse duration than IMRFs, reducing risk of structural sidesway collapse by 33.4% compared to IMRFs. The use of SMRFs also increases required column longitudinal reinforcement by 40% over IMRFs.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Analysis of Beam-Column Joint subjected to Seismic Lateral Loading – A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews the analysis and design of beam-column joints in reinforced concrete structures subjected to seismic lateral loading. It discusses that beam-column joints are critical parts that can fail in earthquakes due to shear or inadequate reinforcement anchorage. The document examines different types of beam-column joints and codes for their design. It also reviews past literature on modeling and testing beam-column joints and factors that influence their behavior under seismic loads. The conclusion is that beam-column joint design and detailing is important for seismic resistance and codes have improved based on research but more study is still needed.
IRJET- Seismic Performance Assessment of Multi-Storeyed RC Special Moment...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that used pushover analysis to assess the seismic performance of special and ordinary moment resisting frames (SMRF and OMRF). SAP2000 software was used to model and analyze multi-storey RC frames. The study found that SMRF exhibited less plastic hinge formation and lower joint displacements compared to OMRF under seismic loading, indicating better seismic performance. No plastic hinges were observed in SMRF, while OMRF showed yielding at supports. The results validate the higher response reduction factor assigned to SMRF by Indian codes.
Review paper on seismic responses of multistored rcc building with mass irreg...eSAT Journals
Abstract
From past earthquakes it is proved that many of structure are totally or partially damaged due to earthquake. So, it is necessary to determine seismic responses of such buildings. There are different techniques of seismic analysis of structure. Time history analysis is one of the important techniques for structural seismic analysis generally the evaluated structural response is non-linear in nature. For such type of analysis, a representative earthquake time history is required. In this project work seismic analysis of RCC buildings with mass irregularity at different floor level are carried out. Here for analysis different time histories have been used. This paper highlights the effect of mass irregularity on different floor in RCC buildings with time history and analysis is done by using ETABS software.
Keywords: Seismic Analysis, Time History Analysis, Base Shear, Storey Shear, Story Displacement.
Effect of steel bracing on vertically irregular r.c.c building frames under s...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Earthquakes are one of the most life threatening, environmental hazardous and destructive natural phenomenons that causes
shaking of ground. This result in damage to the structures, hence we need to design the buildings to withstand these earthquakes
which may occur at least once in the life time of the structure. Structures possess less stiffness and strength in case of irregular
configured frames; to enhance this, lateral load resisting systems are introduced into the frames. In this study, G+5 storey
building model has been analyzed considering different types of vertical geometric irregularities and steel bracings using
pushover analysis with the help of ETABS 9.7 software. Addition of X type brace, V type Brace and Inverted V/K type brace shows
that use of X-type of bracing is found more suitable to enhance the performance of the irregular buildings.
Key Words: pushover analysis, vertical irregularity, steel bracings, performance point.
Review on Structural Performance of Braced Steel Sturtures Under Dynamic LoadingIRJET Journal
This document reviews the structural performance of braced steel structures under dynamic loading. It discusses three main types of bracings: eccentric braced frames, shape memory alloys, and buckling restrained braces. Eccentric braced frames provide energy dissipation and ductility through a ductile link. Shape memory alloys can regain their original shape after deformation and dissipate energy. Buckling restrained braces prevent buckling of steel braces under seismic loads through a composite action of a steel core encased in mortar. The document reviews various literature studying the seismic behavior and failures of these bracing systems.
Seismic analysis of vertical irregular multistoried buildingeSAT Journals
Abstract It is understood that buildings which are regular in elevation (regular building) perform much better than those which have irregularity in elevation (irregular building) under seismic loading. Irregularities are not avoidable in construction of buildings. However a detailed study to understand structural behaviour of the buildings with irregularities under seismic loading is essential for appropriate design and their better performance. The main objective of this study is to understand the effect of elevation irregularity and behaviour of 3-D R.C. Building which is subjected to earthquake load. In the present study, a 5 bays X 5 bays, 16 storied structure with provision of lift core walls and each storey height 3.2 m, having irregularity in elevation, is considered as the soft storey 3-D structure. An Irregular building is assumed to be located in all zones. Linear dynamic analysis using Response Spectrum method of the irregular building is carried out using the standard and convenient FE software package. To quantify the effect of different degrees of irregularities all the structures are analysed. In addition, the analysis carried out also enables to understand the behaviour that takes place in irregular buildings in comparison to that in regular buildings. For this the behaviour parameters considered are 1) Maximum displacement 2) Base shear, 3) Time period. Key Words: asymmetric building, soft story, base shear, displacement, soft storey, time period.
IRJET- Study of Literature on Seismic Response of RC Irregular StructureIRJET Journal
The document discusses vertical irregularities in reinforced concrete (RC) buildings and their effects on seismic response. It first defines vertical irregularities as weaknesses caused by discontinuities in mass, stiffness, or geometry between storeys. Soft stories, where the stiffness suddenly decreases, are one type of vertical irregularity. The document then reviews several previous studies on modeling and analyzing vertically irregular buildings using pushover analysis, which incrementally loads a structure to determine its failure mechanisms. The studies found that soft story buildings absorb energy through overturning and shear deformation. Irregular buildings may have similar seismic performance to regular buildings if properly designed. Quantifying the degree of irregularity can help evaluate seismic vulnerability and retrofitting needs.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Seismic Retrofitting of RCC StructuresIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental investigation into seismic retrofitting of reinforced concrete beam-column joints using concrete jacketing. The study tested control specimens designed to code standards and retrofitted specimens with concrete jackets added. The specimens were subjected to reverse cyclic loading to examine their performance and lateral load capacity. The concrete jackets were intended to improve seismic performance by increasing strength, stiffness, deformation capacity, and connection integrity of the joints. The results provide information on the behavior and effectiveness of reinforced concrete beam-columns strengthened with concrete jacketing under cyclic loading conditions.
Street Light Automatic Intensity ControllerIRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative study of the seismic performance of buildings with different types of vertical stiffness irregularities at various floor levels. Seven building models were analyzed using the SAP 2000 software. One model served as the basic model while the other six models incorporated stiffness irregularities at different floors. The methods used in the analysis were the static method and response spectrum method. The goal of the study was to understand how vertical stiffness irregularities impact a building's fundamental time period during an earthquake.
Dynamic Analysis of Steel Moment Resisting Frame on Sloping Ground with Braci...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the dynamic behavior of steel moment resisting frame buildings on sloping ground with bracings and shear walls. Six different 12-story building models are considered: regular frame on sloping ground with bracings (Type A) and with shear walls (Type B). Dynamic analysis using response spectrum method is performed for different seismic zones and soil conditions. Results show that inclusion of bracings and shear walls reduces time period compared to regular frame, with shear walls producing the highest frequency of vibration. Modal analysis is carried out to understand dynamic behavior and time periods/frequencies are obtained for the first 12 vibration modes.
Effect of soft storeys in earthquake resistant analysis of rc framed structureseSAT Journals
storey in which the stiffness is less than 70% of the storey above or less
than 80% of the combined stiffnesses of the three storeys above. It is the general practice in the multistoreyed buildings to
accommodate parking facilities for the vehicles of the occupants of the building. As we know that the soft storey in a building
structure causes stiffness irregularity in a structure, due to this the structure undergoes unequal storey drifts, formation of the
plastic hinges and then finally resulting into the collapse of the structure.This research work purely interacts with the effect of the
soft storeys in the analysis of RC framed structures as entitled above, and in this work the soft storeys positions has been provided
at different levels as shown in the analytical modelling. All the models are analyzed by using the ETABS software. The seismic
analysis performed consists of the Equivalent static analysis (ESA), response spectrum analysis (RSA), and the push over analysis
(PA). The seismic base shear forces, storey drifts, and the displacements has been compared with the three analysis methods as
listed above. With the aid of the push over analysis the values of the ductility and the response reduction factor have been
obtained. Apart from these, the performance point parameters such as spectral acceleration(Sa) , spectral displacement (Sd),
Base shear(V) and the roof displacement(D) has been also illustrated in this work and a detailed information of several stages of
the hinge formation (A,B,IO,LS,CP,C,D,E) has also been illustrated.. Keywords: Soft Storey, Stiffness, Storey Drift, Storey Displacement, Earthquake, RC Frames
IRJET- Comparative Study of Different Bracing Systems in RCC Buildings using ...IRJET Journal
This document compares the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete buildings with different bracing systems using STAAD.Pro software. Four 15-story building models are analyzed: a moment resisting frame building and buildings with X-bracing, V-bracing, and diagonal bracing. The bracing systems are found to increase base shear and reduce story displacement compared to the non-braced building, indicating improved seismic performance. Of the braced buildings, the one with X-bracing performs best with the lowest displacements and highest base shear. The study concludes X-bracing is the most effective bracing system for seismic resistance of tall reinforced concrete buildings.
Performance Analysis of the Tall Structure with Diagrid for Seismic LoadingIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the performance of tall structures with diagrid frameworks under seismic loading. Three 18-story building models are created with square, octagonal, and circular plans using diagrid and shear wall systems. Linear static and dynamic analyses are performed using ETABS software. Results show the diagrid models have shorter natural periods and lower base shear, story displacement, and drift values compared to the equivalent shear wall models, indicating diagrid structures perform better seismically. The study aims to understand how diagrid systems help resist lateral loads in tall buildings.
Effect of Friction Dampers on RC Structures Subjected to Earthquakeijtsrd
Among all the natural disasters such as flood, earthquake, drought, hurricanes the least understood and the most destructive one is earthquake. Since, they cause many of injuries and economical losses leaving behind a series of signs of panic. Necessity to implement seismic codes in building design. For this a better method of analysis such as static analysis, dynamic analysis and time history analysis has to be adopted for performing the structures seismic risk assessment. This dissertation work is concerned with the "Studies on Effect of Friction Dampers on the Seismic Performance of RC G 15 Storey Buildings" According to IS 1893 part 1 2002 codal provisions the structures are analyzed by Equivalent Static method and Time History method. The modeling and analysis is done with ETAB SOFTWARE and the results obtained are seismic parameters such as Time period, Base shear, Lateral displacement and Inter storey drift, storey stiffness, storey accelaration are tabulated and then comparative study of structures with and without Friction dampers has been done. Akshay R | B. S. Suresh Chandra "Effect of Friction Dampers on RC Structures Subjected to Earthquake" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28017.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/structural-engineering/28017/effect-of-friction-dampers-on-rc-structures-subjected-to-earthquake/akshay-r
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
seismic response of multi storey building equipped with steel bracingINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
1) The document analyzes the seismic response of a multi-storey reinforced concrete building equipped with different steel bracing systems.
2) A 7-storey building model was created and linear analysis was conducted to compare the responses of an unbraced building model and models with X, V, and inverted V bracing systems.
3) The results showed that all bracing systems reduced displacement, drift, shear forces, and bending moments compared to the unbraced building, with the X bracing system providing the largest reductions in structural response.
IRJET- Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Steel Building using Different Types of ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzes the seismic performance of steel buildings with different bracing systems. The study uses nonlinear time history analysis to compare the seismic response of 5-story and 15-story steel frame buildings with moment resisting frames and various braced frames, including X-braced, V-braced, inverted V-braced, and eccentrically braced frames. The analysis indicates that braced frames have higher base shear but lower story displacements compared to moment resisting frames. For 5-story buildings, X-bracing performed best at reducing displacements. For 15-story buildings, X-bracing and eccentrically braced frames showed the best seismic performance.
IRJET- Seismic Linear Analysis of Low Rise Open Ground Storey BuildingsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the seismic linear analysis of low-rise open ground storey buildings. It discusses how the presence of infill walls affects building behavior under lateral loads. While engineers often ignore wall stiffness in analysis, this may not be accurate for discontinuous walls in open ground storey buildings. The study aims to evaluate the code-recommended 2.5 multiplication factor for stiffness and examine how infill strength and stiffness impact seismic analysis of open ground storey buildings with different support conditions using commercial software. The results showed the 2.5 factor was too high for beam and column forces, and stiffness was similar with or without infills in open ground storey buildings. Support conditions significantly influenced response.
IRJET- Comparative Study on the Seismic Behaviour of RCC and Steel-Concrete C...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative study on the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete concrete (RCC) frame structures and steel-concrete composite frame structures. Five 20-story building models are analyzed: one RCC structure and four composite structures with different column and beam configurations. Parameters like time period, story displacement, drift ratio, base shear, etc. are extracted and compared for the structures under equivalent static and response spectrum analysis for seismic zones II and V. The results show that composite structures have higher time periods and displacements but lower drift ratios and base shears compared to the RCC structure. In particular, composite model 3 with rectangular concrete filled steel columns performed better with smaller displacements and drift ratios.
Comparitive study on rcc and composite (cft) multi storeyed buildingseSAT Journals
The document compares the performance of reinforced concrete (RCC) and composite (CFT) multi-storey buildings under lateral loads. Nonlinear time history analyses were performed on G+14, G+19, and G+24 buildings with different lateral load-resisting systems including bracing and shear walls. Parameters like natural period, displacement, and drift were compared. The CFT buildings showed shorter periods and better performance, with natural periods up to 25% less than the RCC buildings. The CFT buildings also exhibited reduced displacements and drifts compared to the RCC structures.
This document reviews the behavior of special moment resisting frames (SMRFs) and intermediate moment resisting frames (IMRFs) during earthquakes. SMRFs are designed to withstand significant inelastic deformations in high seismic regions, while IMRFs are intended for moderate deformations in low to mid seismic areas. SMRFs have stricter design requirements than IMRFs. Analysis showed that SMRFs have greater collapse capacity and longer progressive collapse duration than IMRFs, reducing risk of structural sidesway collapse by 33.4% compared to IMRFs. The use of SMRFs also increases required column longitudinal reinforcement by 40% over IMRFs.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Analysis of Beam-Column Joint subjected to Seismic Lateral Loading – A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews the analysis and design of beam-column joints in reinforced concrete structures subjected to seismic lateral loading. It discusses that beam-column joints are critical parts that can fail in earthquakes due to shear or inadequate reinforcement anchorage. The document examines different types of beam-column joints and codes for their design. It also reviews past literature on modeling and testing beam-column joints and factors that influence their behavior under seismic loads. The conclusion is that beam-column joint design and detailing is important for seismic resistance and codes have improved based on research but more study is still needed.
IRJET- Seismic Performance Assessment of Multi-Storeyed RC Special Moment...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that used pushover analysis to assess the seismic performance of special and ordinary moment resisting frames (SMRF and OMRF). SAP2000 software was used to model and analyze multi-storey RC frames. The study found that SMRF exhibited less plastic hinge formation and lower joint displacements compared to OMRF under seismic loading, indicating better seismic performance. No plastic hinges were observed in SMRF, while OMRF showed yielding at supports. The results validate the higher response reduction factor assigned to SMRF by Indian codes.
Review paper on seismic responses of multistored rcc building with mass irreg...eSAT Journals
Abstract
From past earthquakes it is proved that many of structure are totally or partially damaged due to earthquake. So, it is necessary to determine seismic responses of such buildings. There are different techniques of seismic analysis of structure. Time history analysis is one of the important techniques for structural seismic analysis generally the evaluated structural response is non-linear in nature. For such type of analysis, a representative earthquake time history is required. In this project work seismic analysis of RCC buildings with mass irregularity at different floor level are carried out. Here for analysis different time histories have been used. This paper highlights the effect of mass irregularity on different floor in RCC buildings with time history and analysis is done by using ETABS software.
Keywords: Seismic Analysis, Time History Analysis, Base Shear, Storey Shear, Story Displacement.
Effect of steel bracing on vertically irregular r.c.c building frames under s...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Earthquakes are one of the most life threatening, environmental hazardous and destructive natural phenomenons that causes
shaking of ground. This result in damage to the structures, hence we need to design the buildings to withstand these earthquakes
which may occur at least once in the life time of the structure. Structures possess less stiffness and strength in case of irregular
configured frames; to enhance this, lateral load resisting systems are introduced into the frames. In this study, G+5 storey
building model has been analyzed considering different types of vertical geometric irregularities and steel bracings using
pushover analysis with the help of ETABS 9.7 software. Addition of X type brace, V type Brace and Inverted V/K type brace shows
that use of X-type of bracing is found more suitable to enhance the performance of the irregular buildings.
Key Words: pushover analysis, vertical irregularity, steel bracings, performance point.
Review on Structural Performance of Braced Steel Sturtures Under Dynamic LoadingIRJET Journal
This document reviews the structural performance of braced steel structures under dynamic loading. It discusses three main types of bracings: eccentric braced frames, shape memory alloys, and buckling restrained braces. Eccentric braced frames provide energy dissipation and ductility through a ductile link. Shape memory alloys can regain their original shape after deformation and dissipate energy. Buckling restrained braces prevent buckling of steel braces under seismic loads through a composite action of a steel core encased in mortar. The document reviews various literature studying the seismic behavior and failures of these bracing systems.
Seismic analysis of vertical irregular multistoried buildingeSAT Journals
Abstract It is understood that buildings which are regular in elevation (regular building) perform much better than those which have irregularity in elevation (irregular building) under seismic loading. Irregularities are not avoidable in construction of buildings. However a detailed study to understand structural behaviour of the buildings with irregularities under seismic loading is essential for appropriate design and their better performance. The main objective of this study is to understand the effect of elevation irregularity and behaviour of 3-D R.C. Building which is subjected to earthquake load. In the present study, a 5 bays X 5 bays, 16 storied structure with provision of lift core walls and each storey height 3.2 m, having irregularity in elevation, is considered as the soft storey 3-D structure. An Irregular building is assumed to be located in all zones. Linear dynamic analysis using Response Spectrum method of the irregular building is carried out using the standard and convenient FE software package. To quantify the effect of different degrees of irregularities all the structures are analysed. In addition, the analysis carried out also enables to understand the behaviour that takes place in irregular buildings in comparison to that in regular buildings. For this the behaviour parameters considered are 1) Maximum displacement 2) Base shear, 3) Time period. Key Words: asymmetric building, soft story, base shear, displacement, soft storey, time period.
IRJET- Study of Literature on Seismic Response of RC Irregular StructureIRJET Journal
The document discusses vertical irregularities in reinforced concrete (RC) buildings and their effects on seismic response. It first defines vertical irregularities as weaknesses caused by discontinuities in mass, stiffness, or geometry between storeys. Soft stories, where the stiffness suddenly decreases, are one type of vertical irregularity. The document then reviews several previous studies on modeling and analyzing vertically irregular buildings using pushover analysis, which incrementally loads a structure to determine its failure mechanisms. The studies found that soft story buildings absorb energy through overturning and shear deformation. Irregular buildings may have similar seismic performance to regular buildings if properly designed. Quantifying the degree of irregularity can help evaluate seismic vulnerability and retrofitting needs.
IRJET- Experimental Investigation on Seismic Retrofitting of RCC StructuresIRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental investigation into seismic retrofitting of reinforced concrete beam-column joints using concrete jacketing. The study tested control specimens designed to code standards and retrofitted specimens with concrete jackets added. The specimens were subjected to reverse cyclic loading to examine their performance and lateral load capacity. The concrete jackets were intended to improve seismic performance by increasing strength, stiffness, deformation capacity, and connection integrity of the joints. The results provide information on the behavior and effectiveness of reinforced concrete beam-columns strengthened with concrete jacketing under cyclic loading conditions.
Street Light Automatic Intensity ControllerIRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative study of the seismic performance of buildings with different types of vertical stiffness irregularities at various floor levels. Seven building models were analyzed using the SAP 2000 software. One model served as the basic model while the other six models incorporated stiffness irregularities at different floors. The methods used in the analysis were the static method and response spectrum method. The goal of the study was to understand how vertical stiffness irregularities impact a building's fundamental time period during an earthquake.
Dynamic Analysis of Steel Moment Resisting Frame on Sloping Ground with Braci...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the dynamic behavior of steel moment resisting frame buildings on sloping ground with bracings and shear walls. Six different 12-story building models are considered: regular frame on sloping ground with bracings (Type A) and with shear walls (Type B). Dynamic analysis using response spectrum method is performed for different seismic zones and soil conditions. Results show that inclusion of bracings and shear walls reduces time period compared to regular frame, with shear walls producing the highest frequency of vibration. Modal analysis is carried out to understand dynamic behavior and time periods/frequencies are obtained for the first 12 vibration modes.
Effect of soft storeys in earthquake resistant analysis of rc framed structureseSAT Journals
storey in which the stiffness is less than 70% of the storey above or less
than 80% of the combined stiffnesses of the three storeys above. It is the general practice in the multistoreyed buildings to
accommodate parking facilities for the vehicles of the occupants of the building. As we know that the soft storey in a building
structure causes stiffness irregularity in a structure, due to this the structure undergoes unequal storey drifts, formation of the
plastic hinges and then finally resulting into the collapse of the structure.This research work purely interacts with the effect of the
soft storeys in the analysis of RC framed structures as entitled above, and in this work the soft storeys positions has been provided
at different levels as shown in the analytical modelling. All the models are analyzed by using the ETABS software. The seismic
analysis performed consists of the Equivalent static analysis (ESA), response spectrum analysis (RSA), and the push over analysis
(PA). The seismic base shear forces, storey drifts, and the displacements has been compared with the three analysis methods as
listed above. With the aid of the push over analysis the values of the ductility and the response reduction factor have been
obtained. Apart from these, the performance point parameters such as spectral acceleration(Sa) , spectral displacement (Sd),
Base shear(V) and the roof displacement(D) has been also illustrated in this work and a detailed information of several stages of
the hinge formation (A,B,IO,LS,CP,C,D,E) has also been illustrated.. Keywords: Soft Storey, Stiffness, Storey Drift, Storey Displacement, Earthquake, RC Frames
IRJET- Comparative Study of Different Bracing Systems in RCC Buildings using ...IRJET Journal
This document compares the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete buildings with different bracing systems using STAAD.Pro software. Four 15-story building models are analyzed: a moment resisting frame building and buildings with X-bracing, V-bracing, and diagonal bracing. The bracing systems are found to increase base shear and reduce story displacement compared to the non-braced building, indicating improved seismic performance. Of the braced buildings, the one with X-bracing performs best with the lowest displacements and highest base shear. The study concludes X-bracing is the most effective bracing system for seismic resistance of tall reinforced concrete buildings.
Performance Analysis of the Tall Structure with Diagrid for Seismic LoadingIRJET Journal
This document analyzes the performance of tall structures with diagrid frameworks under seismic loading. Three 18-story building models are created with square, octagonal, and circular plans using diagrid and shear wall systems. Linear static and dynamic analyses are performed using ETABS software. Results show the diagrid models have shorter natural periods and lower base shear, story displacement, and drift values compared to the equivalent shear wall models, indicating diagrid structures perform better seismically. The study aims to understand how diagrid systems help resist lateral loads in tall buildings.
Effect of Friction Dampers on RC Structures Subjected to Earthquakeijtsrd
Among all the natural disasters such as flood, earthquake, drought, hurricanes the least understood and the most destructive one is earthquake. Since, they cause many of injuries and economical losses leaving behind a series of signs of panic. Necessity to implement seismic codes in building design. For this a better method of analysis such as static analysis, dynamic analysis and time history analysis has to be adopted for performing the structures seismic risk assessment. This dissertation work is concerned with the "Studies on Effect of Friction Dampers on the Seismic Performance of RC G 15 Storey Buildings" According to IS 1893 part 1 2002 codal provisions the structures are analyzed by Equivalent Static method and Time History method. The modeling and analysis is done with ETAB SOFTWARE and the results obtained are seismic parameters such as Time period, Base shear, Lateral displacement and Inter storey drift, storey stiffness, storey accelaration are tabulated and then comparative study of structures with and without Friction dampers has been done. Akshay R | B. S. Suresh Chandra "Effect of Friction Dampers on RC Structures Subjected to Earthquake" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd28017.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/structural-engineering/28017/effect-of-friction-dampers-on-rc-structures-subjected-to-earthquake/akshay-r
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
seismic response of multi storey building equipped with steel bracingINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
1) The document analyzes the seismic response of a multi-storey reinforced concrete building equipped with different steel bracing systems.
2) A 7-storey building model was created and linear analysis was conducted to compare the responses of an unbraced building model and models with X, V, and inverted V bracing systems.
3) The results showed that all bracing systems reduced displacement, drift, shear forces, and bending moments compared to the unbraced building, with the X bracing system providing the largest reductions in structural response.
IRJET- Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis of Steel Building using Different Types of ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that analyzes the seismic performance of steel buildings with different bracing systems. The study uses nonlinear time history analysis to compare the seismic response of 5-story and 15-story steel frame buildings with moment resisting frames and various braced frames, including X-braced, V-braced, inverted V-braced, and eccentrically braced frames. The analysis indicates that braced frames have higher base shear but lower story displacements compared to moment resisting frames. For 5-story buildings, X-bracing performed best at reducing displacements. For 15-story buildings, X-bracing and eccentrically braced frames showed the best seismic performance.
IRJET- Seismic Linear Analysis of Low Rise Open Ground Storey BuildingsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the seismic linear analysis of low-rise open ground storey buildings. It discusses how the presence of infill walls affects building behavior under lateral loads. While engineers often ignore wall stiffness in analysis, this may not be accurate for discontinuous walls in open ground storey buildings. The study aims to evaluate the code-recommended 2.5 multiplication factor for stiffness and examine how infill strength and stiffness impact seismic analysis of open ground storey buildings with different support conditions using commercial software. The results showed the 2.5 factor was too high for beam and column forces, and stiffness was similar with or without infills in open ground storey buildings. Support conditions significantly influenced response.
IRJET- Comparative Study on the Seismic Behaviour of RCC and Steel-Concrete C...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative study on the seismic behavior of reinforced concrete concrete (RCC) frame structures and steel-concrete composite frame structures. Five 20-story building models are analyzed: one RCC structure and four composite structures with different column and beam configurations. Parameters like time period, story displacement, drift ratio, base shear, etc. are extracted and compared for the structures under equivalent static and response spectrum analysis for seismic zones II and V. The results show that composite structures have higher time periods and displacements but lower drift ratios and base shears compared to the RCC structure. In particular, composite model 3 with rectangular concrete filled steel columns performed better with smaller displacements and drift ratios.
Comparitive study on rcc and composite (cft) multi storeyed buildingseSAT Journals
The document compares the performance of reinforced concrete (RCC) and composite (CFT) multi-storey buildings under lateral loads. Nonlinear time history analyses were performed on G+14, G+19, and G+24 buildings with different lateral load-resisting systems including bracing and shear walls. Parameters like natural period, displacement, and drift were compared. The CFT buildings showed shorter periods and better performance, with natural periods up to 25% less than the RCC buildings. The CFT buildings also exhibited reduced displacements and drifts compared to the RCC structures.
IRJET- Seismic Response of Mass and Stiffness Irregular Multi-Storied Stru...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research paper that analyzes the seismic response of irregular multi-story structures with different types of composite columns. The paper models a 15-story building with mass and stiffness irregularities using two composite column types: concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns and concrete encased I-section columns. Response spectrum analysis is performed to compare the time period, story displacement, story drift, and overturning moments between the column types. The CFST columns showed reduced time periods, indicating increased stiffness of the building compared to the concrete encased columns.
IRJET- Comparative Analysis on Seismic Behavior of R.C.C, Composite Encased a...IRJET Journal
This document compares the seismic behavior of 12-story buildings constructed of reinforced concrete (RCC), composite enclosed, and composite infilled framing subjected to equivalent static and response spectrum analysis. Four models of each framing type are analyzed with different shear wall configurations. The buildings are modeled in ETABS software assuming properties for seismic zone III in India. Results for parameters like story drift, period, frequency, displacement, and base shear are compared. Preliminary findings indicate that composite framed structures perform well seismicly, especially for shear wall configuration 1.
COMPARATIVE STUDY ON ANALYSIS OF STEEL-CONCRETE COMPOSITE STRUCTURE WITH DIFF...IRJET Journal
This document presents a comparative study on the analysis of steel-concrete composite structures with different shear wall positions. Five models of an 8-storey composite building were analyzed: without shear walls, with a center shear wall, shear walls in the x-direction, shear walls in the y-direction, and shear walls at the corners. The analysis found that the model with shear walls at the corners experienced the minimum displacement, storey drift, and time period compared to the other models.
This document provides a review of steel-concrete composite (SCC) girders under shock loads. SCC construction combines the advantages of steel and concrete by using mechanical shear connectors to bond a steel beam and concrete slab. Under shock loads, SCC girders can experience local failures like concrete crushing or steel buckling. The complex force transfer during shock loading is discussed. Different types of shear connectors are described, and the interface behavior between the steel beam and concrete slab is important to resist shear forces. Both full and partial composite action are examined in terms of flexural capacity under different interaction assumptions. The behavior of SCC girders under shock loading, including dynamic load factors, is also reviewed.
1. It discusses the advantages and disadvantages of reinforced concrete as a structural material and its wide use in structures.
2. It outlines key design assumptions used in reinforced concrete design including strain compatibility between concrete and steel, stress-strain relationships of materials, and failure conditions.
3. It describes the behavior of reinforced concrete beams under increasing loads and how cracking occurs initially in the tension side before steel reinforcement engages to resist bending.
Experimental Study of Concrete Filled Tubular Short ColumnsIRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental study on the behavior of concrete filled tubular short columns of different cross-sectional shapes (circular, rectangular, and square). Specimens were tested under axial compression loading to determine their failure mechanisms and load-carrying capacities. The key findings were that square CFT columns exhibited 11.46% higher ultimate load capacity than circular columns and 10.07% higher than rectangular columns. All specimens failed via local buckling of the steel tube. Theoretical load estimates from design codes were generally lower than the tested loads.
Comparative Study on CFST and RC Column in the RC Frame Structure: A ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews previous research on the use of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) columns in building construction. It summarizes 13 research papers that studied various aspects of CFST columns, including their seismic behavior, strength, ductility, energy absorption, and failure mechanisms. The key findings are that CFST columns have several advantages over reinforced concrete columns, including higher strength, ductility, and ability to resist buckling. When used as columns in reinforced concrete frame buildings, CFST columns increase the structure's ductility and seismic performance compared to traditional reinforced concrete columns.
This document summarizes a study on the building performance of steel structures. It discusses composite steel-concrete beams and columns where steel and concrete act together. A 3D finite element model was created to analyze different grades of materials. Non-linear analysis of the model obtained the capacity curve and performance point, showing the structure has good performance and earthquake resistance. The design and analysis of the steel and reinforced concrete building models were done using IS codes and the software program Statpro V8i ss6. Load calculations, member assignments, and response spectrum analysis determined deflections, displacements, and seismic resistance.
Comparative study on behaviour of RCC and steel – concrete composite multisto...IRJET Journal
This document compares the behavior of reinforced concrete (RCC) and steel-concrete composite multi-storey buildings through modeling and analysis. Three 10-story building models are created - one with RCC structure and two with composite structures using encased columns and concrete filled tubes. The models are analyzed using ETABS software to compare parameters like joint displacement, story drift, story shear, and cost. The results show that composite structures have higher joint displacements but lower story drifts and shears compared to RCC. Construction costs are also around 65% lower for the composite structures compared to RCC due to reduced concrete and rebar usage. In conclusion, composite structures provide better seismic performance and are more economical than conventional RCC
Analysis of Multi-Storey Steel Structure with Different Infills and Steel Bra...IRJET Journal
This document analyzes the seismic performance of a 9-story steel structure with different bracing and infill systems through modeling and analysis. Four structural models are considered: a bare frame, bare frame with precast panel infill, bare frame with X-bracing, and bare frame with X-bracing and precast panel infill. The models are analyzed using software to determine base shear, story drift, and displacement under seismic loads. Results show that use of bracing and infills helps reduce displacement and story drift, with the model containing both X-bracing and precast infill performing best by minimizing drift. Infill and bracing systems thus improve the structure's lateral stiffness and strength during earthquakes.
IRJET- Experimental Analysis of Buckling Restrained Brace Under Cyclic LoadngIRJET Journal
This document discusses the experimental analysis of buckling restrained braces (BRBs) under cyclic loading. BRBs are a type of bracing system used in structures to resist lateral forces like earthquakes. They have advantages over conventional bracing systems in providing a more stable hysteretic response. The study involved fabricating BRB models and testing them under static ultimate and cyclic loading. One model was tested to determine ultimate strength, while another was used to study behavioral characteristics under loading and unloading cycles. The results showed that BRBs can undergo considerable yielding in both tension and compression and dissipate more energy than conventional braces.
A Review Study of Recent Developments in Concrete-Filled Steel TubesIRJET Journal
This document provides a review of recent developments in concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) structures. It begins with an introduction to CFSTs, describing their composition and advantages such as high strength, ductility, and fire resistance. The document then summarizes the construction process for CFSTs. A literature review synthesizes insights from studies on topics like seismic behavior, machine learning applications, collapse performance, and experimental testing of CFST columns. The review concludes that CFST structures have significant potential for structural engineering due to their resilience, adaptability, and performance under various loads based on advantages like load capacity, seismic resilience, and design flexibility.
IRJET- Dynamic Analysis of Tall Tubular Steel Structures of Hexagon Configura...IRJET Journal
This document discusses the dynamic analysis of tall tubular steel structures with hexagonal configurations. It aims to understand the behavior of such structures compared to traditional steel beam-column frames. Models of an 88-story office building are created in ETABS with different structural systems - a steel moment frame, hexagonal tubular frame, and hexagonal frame with diagonal bracing. The models are analyzed under wind, gravity, and earthquake loads. Results for base shear, displacements, drifts and frequencies are compared between the systems. The study aims to determine the optimal geometric configuration for tall tubular steel structures.
RELIABILITY STUDIES ON COMPOSITE COLUMNS USING RELIABILITY INDEX APPROACHIRJET Journal
The document discusses reliability studies on composite columns using the reliability index approach. It conducts a reliability analysis of concrete-filled steel tubular (CFT) columns using the first-order second moment (FOSM) method to understand the impact of random variables. The reliability index and probability of failure are calculated for longer columns (L/D > 12) and shorter columns (L/D < 12) using the FOSM method. Results are presented in tables showing the reliability index values for various column dimensions classified as longer columns.
CONCRETE-ENCASED CFST BEAM-COLUMN JOINTS: A REVIEWIRJET Journal
This document reviews concrete-encased concrete-filled steel tubular (CFST) beam-column joints. It discusses how beam-column joints are the most seismically affected part of framed structures, so understanding their seismic performance is important. Concrete-encased CFST beam-column joints consist of a CFST core surrounded by reinforced concrete. The document reviews the properties and performance of these joints, including different types of connections, experimental investigations that have been conducted, and the results of one experimental program that tested seismic performance and found three main failure types. In summary, concrete-encased CFST beam-column joints demonstrate favorable seismic behavior and strength due to the composite action of the steel tube and concrete.
This document discusses steel-concrete composite construction. It describes shear connectors, which provide composite action between steel beams and concrete slabs. There are three main types of shear connectors: rigid connectors made of steel bars or angles that resist shear through bearing pressure; flexible stud connectors that bend and fail through yielding; and bond-type connectors that rely on bond and anchoring. The document discusses the design of shear connectors according to Indian codes IRC 22-1986 and IS 11384-1985, providing methods to calculate the design strength of shear connectors.
The Structural Behaviour of Concrete Filled Steel Tubular columnsIRJET Journal
This document describes a study comparing the structural behavior of concrete-filled steel tubular columns made with different steel materials through numerical analysis and experimental testing. Six column specimens were tested - two each made with stainless steel, mild steel, and cold-formed steel tubes. Both short and long columns were analyzed. The numerical analysis found that stainless steel columns had the highest load-carrying capacity. The experimental results supported this, with stainless steel columns outperforming the other materials. There was good agreement between the numerical and experimental load values, with errors generally below 5%. The study concluded that stainless steel provided the best performance for concrete-filled steel tubular columns subjected to axial loads.
Similar to IRJET- Comparative Analysis of Moment Resisting Frames of Steel and Composite Materials (20)
TUNNELING IN HIMALAYAS WITH NATM METHOD: A SPECIAL REFERENCES TO SUNGAL TUNNE...IRJET Journal
1) The document discusses the Sungal Tunnel project in Jammu and Kashmir, India, which is being constructed using the New Austrian Tunneling Method (NATM).
2) NATM involves continuous monitoring during construction to adapt to changing ground conditions, and makes extensive use of shotcrete for temporary tunnel support.
3) The methodology section outlines the systematic geotechnical design process for tunnels according to Austrian guidelines, and describes the various steps of NATM tunnel construction including initial and secondary tunnel support.
STUDY THE EFFECT OF RESPONSE REDUCTION FACTOR ON RC FRAMED STRUCTUREIRJET Journal
This study examines the effect of response reduction factors (R factors) on reinforced concrete (RC) framed structures through nonlinear dynamic analysis. Three RC frame models with varying heights (4, 8, and 12 stories) were analyzed in ETABS software under different R factors ranging from 1 to 5. The results showed that displacement increased as the R factor decreased, indicating less linear behavior for lower R factors. Drift also decreased proportionally with increasing R factors from 1 to 5. Shear forces in the frames decreased with higher R factors. In general, R factors of 3 to 5 produced more satisfactory performance with less displacement and drift. The displacement variations between different building heights were consistent at different R factors. This study evaluated how R factors influence
A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RCC ELEMENT OF SLAB WITH STARK STEEL (HYSD STEEL) A...IRJET Journal
This study compares the use of Stark Steel and TMT Steel as reinforcement materials in a two-way reinforced concrete slab. Mechanical testing is conducted to determine the tensile strength, yield strength, and other properties of each material. A two-way slab design adhering to codes and standards is executed with both materials. The performance is analyzed in terms of deflection, stability under loads, and displacement. Cost analyses accounting for material, durability, maintenance, and life cycle costs are also conducted. The findings provide insights into the economic and structural implications of each material for reinforcement selection and recommendations on the most suitable material based on the analysis.
Effect of Camber and Angles of Attack on Airfoil CharacteristicsIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study analyzing the effect of camber, position of camber, and angle of attack on the aerodynamic characteristics of airfoils. Sixteen modified asymmetric NACA airfoils were analyzed using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) by varying the camber, camber position, and angle of attack. The results showed the relationship between these parameters and the lift coefficient, drag coefficient, and lift to drag ratio. This provides insight into how changes in airfoil geometry impact aerodynamic performance.
A Review on the Progress and Challenges of Aluminum-Based Metal Matrix Compos...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the progress and challenges of aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), focusing on their fabrication processes and applications. It discusses how various aluminum MMCs have been developed using reinforcements like borides, carbides, oxides, and nitrides to improve mechanical and wear properties. These composites have gained prominence for their lightweight, high-strength and corrosion resistance properties. The document also examines recent advancements in fabrication techniques for aluminum MMCs and their growing applications in industries such as aerospace and automotive. However, it notes that challenges remain around issues like improper mixing of reinforcements and reducing reinforcement agglomeration.
Dynamic Urban Transit Optimization: A Graph Neural Network Approach for Real-...IRJET Journal
This document discusses research on using graph neural networks (GNNs) for dynamic optimization of public transportation networks in real-time. GNNs represent transit networks as graphs with nodes as stops and edges as connections. The GNN model aims to optimize networks using real-time data on vehicle locations, arrival times, and passenger loads. This helps increase mobility, decrease traffic, and improve efficiency. The system continuously trains and infers to adapt to changing transit conditions, providing decision support tools. While research has focused on performance, more work is needed on security, socio-economic impacts, contextual generalization of models, continuous learning approaches, and effective real-time visualization.
Structural Analysis and Design of Multi-Storey Symmetric and Asymmetric Shape...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a research project that aims to compare the structural performance of conventional slab and grid slab systems in multi-story buildings using ETABS software. The study will analyze both symmetric and asymmetric building models under various loading conditions. Parameters like deflections, moments, shears, and stresses will be examined to evaluate the structural effectiveness of each slab type. The results will provide insights into the comparative behavior of conventional and grid slabs to help engineers and architects select appropriate slab systems based on building layouts and design requirements.
A Review of “Seismic Response of RC Structures Having Plan and Vertical Irreg...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes and reviews a research paper on the seismic response of reinforced concrete (RC) structures with plan and vertical irregularities, with and without infill walls. It discusses how infill walls can improve or reduce the seismic performance of RC buildings, depending on factors like wall layout, height distribution, connection to the frame, and relative stiffness of walls and frames. The reviewed research paper analyzes the behavior of infill walls, effects of vertical irregularities, and seismic performance of high-rise structures under linear static and dynamic analysis. It studies response characteristics like story drift, deflection and shear. The document also provides literature on similar research investigating the effects of infill walls, soft stories, plan irregularities, and different
This document provides a review of machine learning techniques used in Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS). It begins with an abstract that summarizes key applications of machine learning in ADAS, including object detection, recognition, and decision-making. The introduction discusses the integration of machine learning in ADAS and how it is transforming vehicle safety. The literature review then examines several research papers on topics like lightweight deep learning models for object detection and lane detection models using image processing. It concludes by discussing challenges and opportunities in the field, such as improving algorithm robustness and adaptability.
Long Term Trend Analysis of Precipitation and Temperature for Asosa district,...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes temperature and precipitation trends in Asosa District, Benishangul Gumuz Region, Ethiopia from 1993 to 2022 based on data from the local meteorological station. The results show:
1) The average maximum and minimum annual temperatures have generally decreased over time, with maximum temperatures decreasing by a factor of -0.0341 and minimum by -0.0152.
2) Mann-Kendall tests found the decreasing temperature trends to be statistically significant for annual maximum temperatures but not for annual minimum temperatures.
3) Annual precipitation in Asosa District showed a statistically significant increasing trend.
The conclusions recommend development planners account for rising summer precipitation and declining temperatures in
P.E.B. Framed Structure Design and Analysis Using STAAD ProIRJET Journal
This document discusses the design and analysis of pre-engineered building (PEB) framed structures using STAAD Pro software. It provides an overview of PEBs, including that they are designed off-site with building trusses and beams produced in a factory. STAAD Pro is identified as a key tool for modeling, analyzing, and designing PEBs to ensure their performance and safety under various load scenarios. The document outlines modeling structural parts in STAAD Pro, evaluating structural reactions, assigning loads, and following international design codes and standards. In summary, STAAD Pro is used to design and analyze PEB framed structures to ensure safety and code compliance.
A Review on Innovative Fiber Integration for Enhanced Reinforcement of Concre...IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on innovative fiber integration methods for reinforcing concrete structures. It discusses studies that have explored using carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites with recycled plastic aggregates to develop more sustainable strengthening techniques. It also examines using ultra-high performance fiber reinforced concrete to improve shear strength in beams. Additional topics covered include the dynamic responses of FRP-strengthened beams under static and impact loads, and the performance of preloaded CFRP-strengthened fiber reinforced concrete beams. The review highlights the potential of fiber composites to enable more sustainable and resilient construction practices.
Survey Paper on Cloud-Based Secured Healthcare SystemIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a survey on securing patient healthcare data in cloud-based systems. It discusses using technologies like facial recognition, smart cards, and cloud computing combined with strong encryption to securely store patient data. The survey found that healthcare professionals believe digitizing patient records and storing them in a centralized cloud system would improve access during emergencies and enable more efficient care compared to paper-based systems. However, ensuring privacy and security of patient data is paramount as healthcare incorporates these digital technologies.
Review on studies and research on widening of existing concrete bridgesIRJET Journal
This document summarizes several studies that have been conducted on widening existing concrete bridges. It describes a study from China that examined load distribution factors for a bridge widened with composite steel-concrete girders. It also outlines challenges and solutions for widening a bridge in the UAE, including replacing bearings and stitching the new and existing structures. Additionally, it discusses two bridge widening projects in New Zealand that involved adding precast beams and stitching to connect structures. Finally, safety measures and challenges for strengthening a historic bridge in Switzerland under live traffic are presented.
React based fullstack edtech web applicationIRJET Journal
The document describes the architecture of an educational technology web application built using the MERN stack. It discusses the frontend developed with ReactJS, backend with NodeJS and ExpressJS, and MongoDB database. The frontend provides dynamic user interfaces, while the backend offers APIs for authentication, course management, and other functions. MongoDB enables flexible data storage. The architecture aims to provide a scalable, responsive platform for online learning.
A Comprehensive Review of Integrating IoT and Blockchain Technologies in the ...IRJET Journal
This paper proposes integrating Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies to help implement objectives of India's National Education Policy (NEP) in the education sector. The paper discusses how blockchain could be used for secure student data management, credential verification, and decentralized learning platforms. IoT devices could create smart classrooms, automate attendance tracking, and enable real-time monitoring. Blockchain would ensure integrity of exam processes and resource allocation, while smart contracts automate agreements. The paper argues this integration has potential to revolutionize education by making it more secure, transparent and efficient, in alignment with NEP goals. However, challenges like infrastructure needs, data privacy, and collaborative efforts are also discussed.
A REVIEW ON THE PERFORMANCE OF COCONUT FIBRE REINFORCED CONCRETE.IRJET Journal
This document provides a review of research on the performance of coconut fibre reinforced concrete. It summarizes several studies that tested different volume fractions and lengths of coconut fibres in concrete mixtures with varying compressive strengths. The studies found that coconut fibre improved properties like tensile strength, toughness, crack resistance, and spalling resistance compared to plain concrete. Volume fractions of 2-5% and fibre lengths of 20-50mm produced the best results. The document concludes that using a 4-5% volume fraction of coconut fibres 30-40mm in length with M30-M60 grade concrete would provide benefits based on previous research.
Optimizing Business Management Process Workflows: The Dynamic Influence of Mi...IRJET Journal
The document discusses optimizing business management processes through automation using Microsoft Power Automate and artificial intelligence. It provides an overview of Power Automate's key components and features for automating workflows across various apps and services. The document then presents several scenarios applying automation solutions to common business processes like data entry, monitoring, HR, finance, customer support, and more. It estimates the potential time and cost savings from implementing automation for each scenario. Finally, the conclusion emphasizes the transformative impact of AI and automation tools on business processes and the need for ongoing optimization.
Multistoried and Multi Bay Steel Building Frame by using Seismic DesignIRJET Journal
The document describes the seismic design of a G+5 steel building frame located in Roorkee, India according to Indian codes IS 1893-2002 and IS 800. The frame was analyzed using the equivalent static load method and response spectrum method, and its response in terms of displacements and shear forces were compared. Based on the analysis, the frame was designed as a seismic-resistant steel structure according to IS 800:2007. The software STAAD Pro was used for the analysis and design.
Cost Optimization of Construction Using Plastic Waste as a Sustainable Constr...IRJET Journal
This research paper explores using plastic waste as a sustainable and cost-effective construction material. The study focuses on manufacturing pavers and bricks using recycled plastic and partially replacing concrete with plastic alternatives. Initial results found that pavers and bricks made from recycled plastic demonstrate comparable strength and durability to traditional materials while providing environmental and cost benefits. Additionally, preliminary research indicates incorporating plastic waste as a partial concrete replacement significantly reduces construction costs without compromising structural integrity. The outcomes suggest adopting plastic waste in construction can address plastic pollution while optimizing costs, promoting more sustainable building practices.
Electric vehicle and photovoltaic advanced roles in enhancing the financial p...IJECEIAES
Climate change's impact on the planet forced the United Nations and governments to promote green energies and electric transportation. The deployments of photovoltaic (PV) and electric vehicle (EV) systems gained stronger momentum due to their numerous advantages over fossil fuel types. The advantages go beyond sustainability to reach financial support and stability. The work in this paper introduces the hybrid system between PV and EV to support industrial and commercial plants. This paper covers the theoretical framework of the proposed hybrid system including the required equation to complete the cost analysis when PV and EV are present. In addition, the proposed design diagram which sets the priorities and requirements of the system is presented. The proposed approach allows setup to advance their power stability, especially during power outages. The presented information supports researchers and plant owners to complete the necessary analysis while promoting the deployment of clean energy. The result of a case study that represents a dairy milk farmer supports the theoretical works and highlights its advanced benefits to existing plants. The short return on investment of the proposed approach supports the paper's novelty approach for the sustainable electrical system. In addition, the proposed system allows for an isolated power setup without the need for a transmission line which enhances the safety of the electrical network
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
Three-day training on academic research focuses on analytical tools at United Technical College, supported by the University Grant Commission, Nepal. 24-26 May 2024
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODELgerogepatton
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
A SYSTEMATIC RISK ASSESSMENT APPROACH FOR SECURING THE SMART IRRIGATION SYSTEMSIJNSA Journal
The smart irrigation system represents an innovative approach to optimize water usage in agricultural and landscaping practices. The integration of cutting-edge technologies, including sensors, actuators, and data analysis, empowers this system to provide accurate monitoring and control of irrigation processes by leveraging real-time environmental conditions. The main objective of a smart irrigation system is to optimize water efficiency, minimize expenses, and foster the adoption of sustainable water management methods. This paper conducts a systematic risk assessment by exploring the key components/assets and their functionalities in the smart irrigation system. The crucial role of sensors in gathering data on soil moisture, weather patterns, and plant well-being is emphasized in this system. These sensors enable intelligent decision-making in irrigation scheduling and water distribution, leading to enhanced water efficiency and sustainable water management practices. Actuators enable automated control of irrigation devices, ensuring precise and targeted water delivery to plants. Additionally, the paper addresses the potential threat and vulnerabilities associated with smart irrigation systems. It discusses limitations of the system, such as power constraints and computational capabilities, and calculates the potential security risks. The paper suggests possible risk treatment methods for effective secure system operation. In conclusion, the paper emphasizes the significant benefits of implementing smart irrigation systems, including improved water conservation, increased crop yield, and reduced environmental impact. Additionally, based on the security analysis conducted, the paper recommends the implementation of countermeasures and security approaches to address vulnerabilities and ensure the integrity and reliability of the system. By incorporating these measures, smart irrigation technology can revolutionize water management practices in agriculture, promoting sustainability, resource efficiency, and safeguarding against potential security threats.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Low power architecture of logic gates using adiabatic techniquesnooriasukmaningtyas
The growing significance of portable systems to limit power consumption in ultra-large-scale-integration chips of very high density, has recently led to rapid and inventive progresses in low-power design. The most effective technique is adiabatic logic circuit design in energy-efficient hardware. This paper presents two adiabatic approaches for the design of low power circuits, modified positive feedback adiabatic logic (modified PFAL) and the other is direct current diode based positive feedback adiabatic logic (DC-DB PFAL). Logic gates are the preliminary components in any digital circuit design. By improving the performance of basic gates, one can improvise the whole system performance. In this paper proposed circuit design of the low power architecture of OR/NOR, AND/NAND, and XOR/XNOR gates are presented using the said approaches and their results are analyzed for powerdissipation, delay, power-delay-product and rise time and compared with the other adiabatic techniques along with the conventional complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) designs reported in the literature. It has been found that the designs with DC-DB PFAL technique outperform with the percentage improvement of 65% for NOR gate and 7% for NAND gate and 34% for XNOR gate over the modified PFAL techniques at 10 MHz respectively.
Introduction- e - waste – definition - sources of e-waste– hazardous substances in e-waste - effects of e-waste on environment and human health- need for e-waste management– e-waste handling rules - waste minimization techniques for managing e-waste – recycling of e-waste - disposal treatment methods of e- waste – mechanism of extraction of precious metal from leaching solution-global Scenario of E-waste – E-waste in India- case studies.