The document provides information about the Control and Instrumentation division of the Panki Thermal Power Station in Kanpur, India. It discusses the basic principles of thermal power generation and describes the various divisions and objectives of the Control and Instrumentation department. It details the many measurement points throughout the plant and the types of sensors used to measure variables like pressure, temperature, flow, vibration, and flue gas analysis. Laboratories in the division are also summarized.
Thermal plant instrumentation and controlShilpa Shukla
This document provides an overview of instrumentation and control systems used in a thermal power plant. It discusses the key components measured including pressure, temperature, flow, level, vibration and flue gas analysis. It describes the various sensors and instruments used to measure these variables, including bourdon tubes, diaphragms, bellows, thermocouples, RTDs, orifice plates, and analyzers. It also discusses the control and monitoring systems, laboratories, and pollution control systems used in thermal power plants.
The document describes an in-plant training conducted by the author at Anpara Thermal Power Station. It provides details of the power generation process, including the boiler that produces high pressure steam, the steam turbine that uses the steam to generate mechanical power, and the generator that converts this to electrical power. The author thanks the staff at the plant for their guidance and assistance during the training.
ROLE OF CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION IN THERMAL POWER PLANTGaurav Rai
Role of control and instrumentation in thermal power plant.
Use of various instruments for the measurements of flow, pressure and temperature in industries.
This document discusses dry flue gas losses in boilers and methods to reduce them. It notes that rising fuel costs have increased focus on power plant efficiency. Dry flue gas losses occur when excess air leads to higher exit gas temperatures, wasting heat. Causes include air leaks, fouling of heat exchangers, and excess airflow. Reducing dry gas losses provides the greatest potential for efficiency gains. The document recommends optimizing excess air, repairing leaks, cleaning heat exchangers through soot blowing, and using high-alloy materials resistant to corrosion. Proper maintenance and airflow control can decrease losses and lower costs.
The document discusses turbine governing systems. The objective of turbine governing is to control the steam flow to a turbine to maintain a constant rotation speed as load varies. It describes three common types of governing: throttle, nozzle, and bypass. The key components of a hydro-mechanical governing system are then outlined, including the speed governor, pilot valves, control valves, and emergency shutdown mechanisms. Protection systems using hydraulic and electrical trips are also summarized to safely operate the turbine.
The document discusses how work is done in a turbine. It explains that:
1) The heat energy in steam is converted to kinetic energy as it enters the turbine through nozzles, and then to mechanical work as it impacts the rotating blades.
2) Further work is done as the steam reacts with fixed blades, redirecting it to more rotating blades.
3) As the steam travels through the machine, it continually expands, giving up energy at each set of blades.
4) The tapering shape of the turbine allows the steam to enter at smaller blades and exit at larger blades.
The document provides details about the cooling and sealing system of a 247MVA turbo generator. It describes the generator specifications including rating, connection type, phases, rated speed, and insulation class. It then summarizes the need for generator cooling using hydrogen gas and water to minimize heat and ensure uniform temperature distribution. The rotor and stator cooling systems are explained along with specifications. Finally, the generator sealing system is outlined, which uses seal oil to prevent hydrogen leakage and maintain differential pressure between the oil and hydrogen.
A Brief Introduction to Industrial boiler. And details about Boiler of Monnet Power Company Ltd(2X525 MW) Thermal Power Plant. Details about parts of Boiler, Water & Steam path, Oil Circuit, flue Gas Circuit.
Thermal plant instrumentation and controlShilpa Shukla
This document provides an overview of instrumentation and control systems used in a thermal power plant. It discusses the key components measured including pressure, temperature, flow, level, vibration and flue gas analysis. It describes the various sensors and instruments used to measure these variables, including bourdon tubes, diaphragms, bellows, thermocouples, RTDs, orifice plates, and analyzers. It also discusses the control and monitoring systems, laboratories, and pollution control systems used in thermal power plants.
The document describes an in-plant training conducted by the author at Anpara Thermal Power Station. It provides details of the power generation process, including the boiler that produces high pressure steam, the steam turbine that uses the steam to generate mechanical power, and the generator that converts this to electrical power. The author thanks the staff at the plant for their guidance and assistance during the training.
ROLE OF CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION IN THERMAL POWER PLANTGaurav Rai
Role of control and instrumentation in thermal power plant.
Use of various instruments for the measurements of flow, pressure and temperature in industries.
This document discusses dry flue gas losses in boilers and methods to reduce them. It notes that rising fuel costs have increased focus on power plant efficiency. Dry flue gas losses occur when excess air leads to higher exit gas temperatures, wasting heat. Causes include air leaks, fouling of heat exchangers, and excess airflow. Reducing dry gas losses provides the greatest potential for efficiency gains. The document recommends optimizing excess air, repairing leaks, cleaning heat exchangers through soot blowing, and using high-alloy materials resistant to corrosion. Proper maintenance and airflow control can decrease losses and lower costs.
The document discusses turbine governing systems. The objective of turbine governing is to control the steam flow to a turbine to maintain a constant rotation speed as load varies. It describes three common types of governing: throttle, nozzle, and bypass. The key components of a hydro-mechanical governing system are then outlined, including the speed governor, pilot valves, control valves, and emergency shutdown mechanisms. Protection systems using hydraulic and electrical trips are also summarized to safely operate the turbine.
The document discusses how work is done in a turbine. It explains that:
1) The heat energy in steam is converted to kinetic energy as it enters the turbine through nozzles, and then to mechanical work as it impacts the rotating blades.
2) Further work is done as the steam reacts with fixed blades, redirecting it to more rotating blades.
3) As the steam travels through the machine, it continually expands, giving up energy at each set of blades.
4) The tapering shape of the turbine allows the steam to enter at smaller blades and exit at larger blades.
The document provides details about the cooling and sealing system of a 247MVA turbo generator. It describes the generator specifications including rating, connection type, phases, rated speed, and insulation class. It then summarizes the need for generator cooling using hydrogen gas and water to minimize heat and ensure uniform temperature distribution. The rotor and stator cooling systems are explained along with specifications. Finally, the generator sealing system is outlined, which uses seal oil to prevent hydrogen leakage and maintain differential pressure between the oil and hydrogen.
A Brief Introduction to Industrial boiler. And details about Boiler of Monnet Power Company Ltd(2X525 MW) Thermal Power Plant. Details about parts of Boiler, Water & Steam path, Oil Circuit, flue Gas Circuit.
Thermal power plants generate 75% of India's electricity and have an installed capacity of over 93,000 MW. They work by burning fuel to create steam that spins turbines connected to generators. The main components are the fuel handling unit, boiler, turbine, generator, and cooling system. Fuel is burned in the boiler to create high-pressure steam, which drives the turbine before being condensed into water and recirculated or discharged.
The document discusses the turbine protection system of a thermal power plant. It describes 13 different turbine trip conditions such as low lube oil pressure, high drum level, low main steam temperature, high exhaust steam temperature, fire protection operation, axial shift limits, low vacuum, high hydrogen cooler temperatures, high exciter air temperatures, liquid in bushings, master fuel trip, generator faults, and emergency trip from control room. It provides details on the logic, sensors, and mechanisms for each protection system to safely trip the turbine during abnormal operating conditions.
This document provides an overview of a thermal power plant. It begins by classifying power plants by their fuel sources and prime movers. It then introduces thermal power plants, explaining that they convert the heat energy of coal into electrical energy using a boiler to produce steam that drives a turbine connected to a generator. The document outlines the typical layout and main equipment of a thermal power plant, including coal handling, the boiler, turbine, condenser, and other auxiliary systems. It discusses advantages and limitations of thermal plants and considerations for site selection. Finally, it provides details on several major thermal power plants located in Rajasthan, India.
This document contains:
1) A block diagram of the plant Rankine cycle showing the main steam, high pressure turbine, intermediate pressure turbine, and low pressure turbine.
2) Heat and mass balance diagrams for the high pressure and low pressure sections of the plant, showing temperatures, pressures, enthalpies, and mass flows throughout the system.
3) A section on important heat rate formulas, defining heat rate as the heat input required to produce a unit of electrical output, and providing the specific guaranteed and actual heat rates for the plant.
This document discusses methods to improve the efficiency of a Rankine cycle steam power plant. It describes lowering the condenser pressure, superheating steam to high temperatures using reheat, increasing the boiler pressure, implementing an ideal regenerative Rankine cycle with open feedwater heaters, using closed feedwater heaters, and utilizing cogeneration to make use of waste heat. The key methods discussed are lowering condenser pressure, superheating steam, increasing boiler pressure, and implementing regenerative feedwater heating to improve the average heat addition and cycle efficiency.
The document discusses points related to sub critical and super critical boiler design, including boiler design parameters, chemical treatment systems, operation, feedwater systems, boiler control, and startup curves. It provides explanations of sub critical and super critical boiler technologies, comparing drum type sub critical boilers to drumless super critical boilers. Key differences in operation and response to load changes are highlighted.
This document provides an overview of a thermal power station. It begins with defining a thermal power station as a generating station that converts the heat energy from coal combustion into electrical energy. It then outlines the main components of a thermal power station in a block diagram and lists the main equipment, including the coal handling plant, pulverizing plant, boiler, turbine, alternator, condenser, and cooling towers. Each of the major equipment is then explained in more detail. Finally, the document discusses the advantages of thermal power stations in being able to use cheap fuel and their disadvantages in polluting the atmosphere.
1) The document describes the governing system and components of a steam turbine. It includes throttle controlled governing and discusses advantages like avoiding overspeeding and adjusting droop.
2) It lists the different oils used like trip oil, auxiliary trip oil, and control oil and describes what each oil is used for like tripping the stop valve or hydraulic governing.
3) The main elements of the governing system are described including remote trip solenoids, main trip valve, speeder gear, and follow-up piston valves that control steam flow and turbine speed.
The document discusses instrumentation and control systems used in thermal power plants. It describes the objectives of instrumentation and control which include safe and efficient plant operation. It provides an overview of the Distributed Digital Control and Management Information System (DDCMIS) and its components, including the burner management system, turbine control system, and generator instruments. It explains the various functions, measurements, controls, and benefits provided by the DDCMIS.
This document describes the closed loop control system used for boiler drum level control. It uses a three element control approach with drum level, feedwater flow, and main steam flow as process variables. During startup, a single 30% capacity feedwater control valve (FCV-101) is used to maintain drum level setpoint. At 30% load, control switches to two 100% capacity main feedwater valves (FCV-102) controlled via a three element algorithm. Drum level is measured by three level transmitters and averaged for input to the level controller (LIC-101). The controller output is summed with steam flow and used to set the remote setpoint for FIC-101, which controls FCV-102 position
mounting and accessories of boiler in eme Pratik Patel
it contain detail of element used in boiler for its working
it also teach the concept of mounting
nd it is helpfull for the student of engineering 1 st year
The document discusses rotary regenerative air preheaters used in power plant boilers. It describes the components, construction, operation, maintenance checks, and safety devices of these air preheaters. The key points are:
1) Rotary regenerative air preheaters recover waste heat from boiler flue gases to preheat combustion air, improving boiler efficiency. They contain a rotating matrix that alternately passes through gas and air passages to transfer heat.
2) Components include a rotor, bearings, housing, connecting plates, seals, and a drive unit. Safety devices detect fires and overheating using thermocouples or infrared sensors.
3) Regular maintenance checks include inspecting oil levels,
The document discusses the water cycle and treatment processes in thermal power plants. Various types of water are used including cooling water, boiler water, and consumptive water. The water treatment process includes pre-treatment of raw water, filtration, softening, demineralization to provide boiler feed water. The purpose is to remove impurities and prevent scale formation, corrosion, and microbial growth. pH is an important measurement of water acidity that determines solubility and availability of chemicals in the water.
This document summarizes different types of excitation systems for alternators. It discusses the function of excitation systems to supply direct current to the field winding and control the voltage and reactive power of alternators. The three main types covered are DC excitation systems, AC excitation systems, and static excitation systems. DC excitation systems use two small DC generators as exciters but are not commonly used for large alternators now. AC excitation systems include brushless and rotating thyristor types and have advantages like eliminating brushes. Static excitation systems have no rotating parts, are suitable for medium and high capacity alternators, and have benefits like smaller size and no windage losses. The document concludes that the selection of an excitation system depends on factors like the altern
TPS training report Gandhinagar, coal base power plant vishal patel
This document provides an overview of a practical training report submitted by two students for their Bachelor of Engineering degree in Mechanical Engineering. It includes an introduction to the power plant where they conducted their training, describing its key components like the boiler, coal mill, draught system and more. Diagrams are provided to illustrate the typical processes used in a coal-fired thermal power station.
Major electrical equipment in power plantsFateh Singh
Major electrical equipment in power plants include alternators, exciters, synchronizing equipment, circuit breakers, current and potential transformers, relays, protection equipment, isolators, lightning arresters, earthing equipment, station transformers, and batteries and motors for driving auxiliaries. The document goes on to describe each type of equipment in more detail, including their purpose and features. It discusses equipment such as generators, exciters, power transformers, voltage regulators, bus bars, reactors, insulators, switchgear, switches, protective equipment like fuses and circuit breakers, relays, current transformers, potential transformers, batteries, and control rooms.
Thermal Power Plant - Full Detail About Plant and Parts (Also Contain Animate...Shubham Thakur
A thermal power station is a power plant in which the prime mover is steam driven. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator. After it passes through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser and recycled to where it was heated; this is known as a Rankine cycle. The greatest variation in the design of thermal power stations is due to the different fossil fuel resources generally used to heat the water. Some prefer to use the term energy center because such facilities convert forms of heat energy into electrical energy.[1] Certain thermal power plants also are designed to produce heat energy for industrial purposes of district heating, or desalination of water, in addition to generating electrical power. Globally, fossil fueled thermal power plants produce a large part of man-made CO2 emissions to the atmosphere, and efforts to reduce these are varied and widespread.
For Video on Themal Power Plant (Animated Working Video) :- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ouWOhk1INjo
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This document discusses the control and instrumentation system for the Jaypee Bina Thermal Power Plant's 2x250 MW furnace safeguard and supervisory system (FSSS). The FSSS is designed to safely start up and shut down the boiler and prevent operator errors. It monitors the burner block assembly and controls the furnace purge sequence, oil gun operation in pair or elevation mode, and high energy arc igniter system to safely initiate combustion. The FSSS ensures maximum safety and efficiency during plant operation.
A gas power plant consists of an air compressor, combustion chamber, gas turbine, alternator, and starting motor. Air is compressed and mixed with fuel in the combustion chamber, where combustion increases the temperature and pressure. The high-pressure combusted air expands through the gas turbine, rotating the generator to produce electricity. A starting motor initially rotates the compressor.
This document discusses the different types of transformers used in power generating stations. It describes 7 main types: generator transformer, station transformer, distribution transformer, unit auxiliary transformer, auxiliary transformer, instrument transformer, and rectifier transformer. It provides details on the functions and purpose of each transformer type. The generator transformer steps up voltage from the generator, while station and auxiliary transformers provide power for starting units and station equipment. Instrument transformers are used for metering and protection.
The document summarizes information about the Panki Thermal Power Station located in Kanpur, India. It discusses:
1) The power station has two operational units of 105 MW each that were established in 1976-1977.
2) It describes the various processes involved in coal-fired power generation including the coal handling plant, water treatment plant, boiler, turbine, generator, and switchyard.
3) The key components and functions of a thermal power plant are outlined, from coal firing to electricity generation using steam turbines driven by the steam produced in boilers.
This document summarizes the author's summer training at the Panki Thermal Power Station in Kanpur, India. It discusses the process of electricity generation through steam at the power plant. The plant uses coal as its fuel, which is handled through various processes before being fired to generate high-pressure steam. This steam then spins turbines connected to generators to produce electricity. The document outlines the various units involved, including coal handling, water treatment to produce boiler feed water, and maintenance of the boilers and turbines.
Thermal power plants generate 75% of India's electricity and have an installed capacity of over 93,000 MW. They work by burning fuel to create steam that spins turbines connected to generators. The main components are the fuel handling unit, boiler, turbine, generator, and cooling system. Fuel is burned in the boiler to create high-pressure steam, which drives the turbine before being condensed into water and recirculated or discharged.
The document discusses the turbine protection system of a thermal power plant. It describes 13 different turbine trip conditions such as low lube oil pressure, high drum level, low main steam temperature, high exhaust steam temperature, fire protection operation, axial shift limits, low vacuum, high hydrogen cooler temperatures, high exciter air temperatures, liquid in bushings, master fuel trip, generator faults, and emergency trip from control room. It provides details on the logic, sensors, and mechanisms for each protection system to safely trip the turbine during abnormal operating conditions.
This document provides an overview of a thermal power plant. It begins by classifying power plants by their fuel sources and prime movers. It then introduces thermal power plants, explaining that they convert the heat energy of coal into electrical energy using a boiler to produce steam that drives a turbine connected to a generator. The document outlines the typical layout and main equipment of a thermal power plant, including coal handling, the boiler, turbine, condenser, and other auxiliary systems. It discusses advantages and limitations of thermal plants and considerations for site selection. Finally, it provides details on several major thermal power plants located in Rajasthan, India.
This document contains:
1) A block diagram of the plant Rankine cycle showing the main steam, high pressure turbine, intermediate pressure turbine, and low pressure turbine.
2) Heat and mass balance diagrams for the high pressure and low pressure sections of the plant, showing temperatures, pressures, enthalpies, and mass flows throughout the system.
3) A section on important heat rate formulas, defining heat rate as the heat input required to produce a unit of electrical output, and providing the specific guaranteed and actual heat rates for the plant.
This document discusses methods to improve the efficiency of a Rankine cycle steam power plant. It describes lowering the condenser pressure, superheating steam to high temperatures using reheat, increasing the boiler pressure, implementing an ideal regenerative Rankine cycle with open feedwater heaters, using closed feedwater heaters, and utilizing cogeneration to make use of waste heat. The key methods discussed are lowering condenser pressure, superheating steam, increasing boiler pressure, and implementing regenerative feedwater heating to improve the average heat addition and cycle efficiency.
The document discusses points related to sub critical and super critical boiler design, including boiler design parameters, chemical treatment systems, operation, feedwater systems, boiler control, and startup curves. It provides explanations of sub critical and super critical boiler technologies, comparing drum type sub critical boilers to drumless super critical boilers. Key differences in operation and response to load changes are highlighted.
This document provides an overview of a thermal power station. It begins with defining a thermal power station as a generating station that converts the heat energy from coal combustion into electrical energy. It then outlines the main components of a thermal power station in a block diagram and lists the main equipment, including the coal handling plant, pulverizing plant, boiler, turbine, alternator, condenser, and cooling towers. Each of the major equipment is then explained in more detail. Finally, the document discusses the advantages of thermal power stations in being able to use cheap fuel and their disadvantages in polluting the atmosphere.
1) The document describes the governing system and components of a steam turbine. It includes throttle controlled governing and discusses advantages like avoiding overspeeding and adjusting droop.
2) It lists the different oils used like trip oil, auxiliary trip oil, and control oil and describes what each oil is used for like tripping the stop valve or hydraulic governing.
3) The main elements of the governing system are described including remote trip solenoids, main trip valve, speeder gear, and follow-up piston valves that control steam flow and turbine speed.
The document discusses instrumentation and control systems used in thermal power plants. It describes the objectives of instrumentation and control which include safe and efficient plant operation. It provides an overview of the Distributed Digital Control and Management Information System (DDCMIS) and its components, including the burner management system, turbine control system, and generator instruments. It explains the various functions, measurements, controls, and benefits provided by the DDCMIS.
This document describes the closed loop control system used for boiler drum level control. It uses a three element control approach with drum level, feedwater flow, and main steam flow as process variables. During startup, a single 30% capacity feedwater control valve (FCV-101) is used to maintain drum level setpoint. At 30% load, control switches to two 100% capacity main feedwater valves (FCV-102) controlled via a three element algorithm. Drum level is measured by three level transmitters and averaged for input to the level controller (LIC-101). The controller output is summed with steam flow and used to set the remote setpoint for FIC-101, which controls FCV-102 position
mounting and accessories of boiler in eme Pratik Patel
it contain detail of element used in boiler for its working
it also teach the concept of mounting
nd it is helpfull for the student of engineering 1 st year
The document discusses rotary regenerative air preheaters used in power plant boilers. It describes the components, construction, operation, maintenance checks, and safety devices of these air preheaters. The key points are:
1) Rotary regenerative air preheaters recover waste heat from boiler flue gases to preheat combustion air, improving boiler efficiency. They contain a rotating matrix that alternately passes through gas and air passages to transfer heat.
2) Components include a rotor, bearings, housing, connecting plates, seals, and a drive unit. Safety devices detect fires and overheating using thermocouples or infrared sensors.
3) Regular maintenance checks include inspecting oil levels,
The document discusses the water cycle and treatment processes in thermal power plants. Various types of water are used including cooling water, boiler water, and consumptive water. The water treatment process includes pre-treatment of raw water, filtration, softening, demineralization to provide boiler feed water. The purpose is to remove impurities and prevent scale formation, corrosion, and microbial growth. pH is an important measurement of water acidity that determines solubility and availability of chemicals in the water.
This document summarizes different types of excitation systems for alternators. It discusses the function of excitation systems to supply direct current to the field winding and control the voltage and reactive power of alternators. The three main types covered are DC excitation systems, AC excitation systems, and static excitation systems. DC excitation systems use two small DC generators as exciters but are not commonly used for large alternators now. AC excitation systems include brushless and rotating thyristor types and have advantages like eliminating brushes. Static excitation systems have no rotating parts, are suitable for medium and high capacity alternators, and have benefits like smaller size and no windage losses. The document concludes that the selection of an excitation system depends on factors like the altern
TPS training report Gandhinagar, coal base power plant vishal patel
This document provides an overview of a practical training report submitted by two students for their Bachelor of Engineering degree in Mechanical Engineering. It includes an introduction to the power plant where they conducted their training, describing its key components like the boiler, coal mill, draught system and more. Diagrams are provided to illustrate the typical processes used in a coal-fired thermal power station.
Major electrical equipment in power plantsFateh Singh
Major electrical equipment in power plants include alternators, exciters, synchronizing equipment, circuit breakers, current and potential transformers, relays, protection equipment, isolators, lightning arresters, earthing equipment, station transformers, and batteries and motors for driving auxiliaries. The document goes on to describe each type of equipment in more detail, including their purpose and features. It discusses equipment such as generators, exciters, power transformers, voltage regulators, bus bars, reactors, insulators, switchgear, switches, protective equipment like fuses and circuit breakers, relays, current transformers, potential transformers, batteries, and control rooms.
Thermal Power Plant - Full Detail About Plant and Parts (Also Contain Animate...Shubham Thakur
A thermal power station is a power plant in which the prime mover is steam driven. Water is heated, turns into steam and spins a steam turbine which drives an electrical generator. After it passes through the turbine, the steam is condensed in a condenser and recycled to where it was heated; this is known as a Rankine cycle. The greatest variation in the design of thermal power stations is due to the different fossil fuel resources generally used to heat the water. Some prefer to use the term energy center because such facilities convert forms of heat energy into electrical energy.[1] Certain thermal power plants also are designed to produce heat energy for industrial purposes of district heating, or desalination of water, in addition to generating electrical power. Globally, fossil fueled thermal power plants produce a large part of man-made CO2 emissions to the atmosphere, and efforts to reduce these are varied and widespread.
For Video on Themal Power Plant (Animated Working Video) :- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ouWOhk1INjo
Subscribe To Our Youtube Channel For More Videos:-
https://www.youtube.com/TheEngineeringScienc
Click Here To Subscribe:-
http://www.youtube.com/user/TheEngineeringScienc?sub_confirmation=1
This document discusses the control and instrumentation system for the Jaypee Bina Thermal Power Plant's 2x250 MW furnace safeguard and supervisory system (FSSS). The FSSS is designed to safely start up and shut down the boiler and prevent operator errors. It monitors the burner block assembly and controls the furnace purge sequence, oil gun operation in pair or elevation mode, and high energy arc igniter system to safely initiate combustion. The FSSS ensures maximum safety and efficiency during plant operation.
A gas power plant consists of an air compressor, combustion chamber, gas turbine, alternator, and starting motor. Air is compressed and mixed with fuel in the combustion chamber, where combustion increases the temperature and pressure. The high-pressure combusted air expands through the gas turbine, rotating the generator to produce electricity. A starting motor initially rotates the compressor.
This document discusses the different types of transformers used in power generating stations. It describes 7 main types: generator transformer, station transformer, distribution transformer, unit auxiliary transformer, auxiliary transformer, instrument transformer, and rectifier transformer. It provides details on the functions and purpose of each transformer type. The generator transformer steps up voltage from the generator, while station and auxiliary transformers provide power for starting units and station equipment. Instrument transformers are used for metering and protection.
The document summarizes information about the Panki Thermal Power Station located in Kanpur, India. It discusses:
1) The power station has two operational units of 105 MW each that were established in 1976-1977.
2) It describes the various processes involved in coal-fired power generation including the coal handling plant, water treatment plant, boiler, turbine, generator, and switchyard.
3) The key components and functions of a thermal power plant are outlined, from coal firing to electricity generation using steam turbines driven by the steam produced in boilers.
This document summarizes the author's summer training at the Panki Thermal Power Station in Kanpur, India. It discusses the process of electricity generation through steam at the power plant. The plant uses coal as its fuel, which is handled through various processes before being fired to generate high-pressure steam. This steam then spins turbines connected to generators to produce electricity. The document outlines the various units involved, including coal handling, water treatment to produce boiler feed water, and maintenance of the boilers and turbines.
This document provides an overview of the key components and processes in a thermal power plant. It describes how coal is pulverized and burned to generate high-temperature steam in a boiler. The steam then drives turbines which power electrical generators, after which the steam is condensed back into water and recycled through the system in a closed-loop Rankine cycle. The document outlines the basic working principle and lists the main parts of a thermal power plant, including coal conveyors, pulverizers, boilers, turbines and condensers.
Best ppt on thermal power station workingRonak Thakare
The document provides an overview of thermal power generation and the key components involved. It discusses how chemical energy from fuel is converted through various processes into electrical energy. The main components that enable this conversion are the boiler, turbine, and generator. Steam generated in the boiler powers the turbine, which spins the generator's rotor to produce electricity via electromagnetic induction. The turbine has high, intermediate, and low pressure sections to efficiently extract energy from the steam.
The document describes the key components and processes involved in a typical coal-fired thermal power plant, including the boiler, turbine, condenser, coal handling equipment, and other auxiliary systems. It also provides diagrams to illustrate the general layout and flow of energy conversion from coal to steam to mechanical power to electricity. Additionally, it briefly mentions some major thermal power plants located in the state of Rajasthan, India.
The document provides an overview of nuclear power plants, including their definition, operating principles, key components, advantages, and disadvantages. It discusses how nuclear power plants work by using nuclear fission to heat water and create steam to power turbines that generate electricity. The major components include a heat source (nuclear reactor), turbine, generator, condenser, pumps, cooling water, and cooling towers. Advantages include no carbon emissions or air pollution, while disadvantages include expensive nuclear waste disposal and decommissioning costs as well as potential radiation risks from accidents.
Thermal power plants generate electricity from coal through a process involving combustion, steam generation, and steam turbine rotation. Coal is combusted to produce heat and boil water to create high-pressure steam. The steam spins turbines connected to generators, producing electricity. After passing through the turbines, the steam cools and condenses back into water, which is recycled to repeat the process in a Rankine cycle. Thermal power plants have complex systems to handle coal, air, steam, water, and ash throughout the electricity generation process.
Schneider process automation power industry solutionsRodney Berg
This document provides an overview of components and processes in a coal-fired power plant. It describes the key components including the boiler, turbine, generator, cooling systems and emissions controls. It explains the basic process of how coal is combusted to produce steam to drive the turbine and generate electricity. It also discusses boiler and plant control systems, operating modes, and advanced process control solutions for optimization.
This document provides an overview of a steam power plant. It discusses the history and development of steam engines and turbines for power generation. It then describes the key components of a steam power plant, including the boiler, turbine, condenser, and generator. The document explains that steam power plants operate on the Rankine cycle, where water is heated to steam to drive the turbine, then condensed back to water to be reheated. It provides diagrams of the ideal and actual Rankine cycles and discusses methods to increase the efficiency of the plant.
Generation of electricity from coal vol 1Sunil9009
This document discusses the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity. It begins with an overview of the topics to be covered, including basic power generation, fuels like coal and oil, the combustion process, power plant cycles, boiler and turbine factors, and power transmission. A simplified diagram shows how coal is converted to steam and then electricity in a power plant. The document then discusses major energy sources in India like coal, hydro, lignite, and nuclear power. It explains why coal is the primary fuel for power generation in India due to its availability and low cost. The stages of power generation from coal combustion to electricity production are outlined.
This document provides an overview of a summer training presentation on the Kota Super Thermal Power Station (KSTPS) in Kota, India. It describes the key components of the power plant including its 1240 MW total generating capacity. It outlines the plant's four main circuits for coal/ash, air/flue gas, feed water/steam, and cooling water. It also provides details on the boiler, water treatment plant, economizer, air preheater, superheater, condenser, deaerator, steam turbine, and generator.
The document provides an overview of the key components and processes involved in a steam power plant. It discusses the layout, essential requirements, site selection, coal and ash handling systems, air and gas circuits, boilers, turbines, condensers, and cooling systems. It also covers the history of steam power plants in India, advantages and disadvantages, and existing and future thermal power plants.
The document summarizes electricity generation and various methods used to generate electricity. It discusses that electricity is generated through the movement of a loop of wire or disc between magnet poles. Most electricity is generated at power stations using heat from combustion or nuclear fission to drive generators. Key methods discussed include hydroelectricity, solar power, geothermal power, with hydro providing details on various hydroelectric plants and countries that rely heavily on hydro.
The document provides an overview of the course contents for a Power Plant Module. It includes 4 sections: [1] Fundamentals of Thermodynamics covering basics, phases of water, steam properties, thermodynamic laws and cycles; [2] Power Plant Components and applications of thermodynamics; [3] Power Plant Facilities and configurations; [4] Power Plant Operations. Section 1 further outlines topics such as measurable/quantifiable properties, phases of water, steam tables, thermodynamic processes, and cycles like Carnot and Rankine.
This document provides an overview of wind power plants. It discusses the typical parts of a wind turbine, including the rotor, transmission system, generator, and yaw and control systems. The document also outlines the advantages of wind power in being a renewable and pollution-free source of energy. However, it notes disadvantages such as the irregular and variable nature of wind and higher capital costs. Additionally, the document reviews the present scenario of wind power in India, which has the fifth largest installed capacity in the world, and is led by states like Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, and Maharashtra.
summer training report on NBC for B.TECH studentsAbhishek Gora
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2. By:V IKAS TIWARI
Electronics &comm .
B.TECH FINAL YEAR
B.t.kit dwarahat
Presentation on Industrial Training
CONTROL & INSTRUMENTATION
DIVISION
3. S.NO CONTENTS
1 INTRODUCTION
2 BASIC PRINCIPLE
3 FUNCTION DIAGRAM
4 VARIOUS DIVISIONS
5 OBJECTIVES OF CONTROL AND INSTRUMENTATION
6 MEASURMENTS POINTS
7 LABS
4. The energy sector holds the key in accelerating the economic growth of India.
The energy demands for developing country like India keep on continuously
growing. Energy is a driving force behind rapid economic growth of the country.
India ranks tenth in the world in total energy consumption. It is first
requirement of energy to accelerate the development of the sector to meet its
growth aspirations.
The pattern of energy production put coal and oil again on top. These account
for 65% of the entire generation. Renewable energy ranks bottom of the total
production just before the Nuclear energy. The distribution of energy resource
like hydro power is skewed towards North-eastern states of the country as 70 %
of the total hydro potential is located in the Northern and North-eastern region.
5.
6. It is the most traditional way of power
generation.
Setup cost is lesser than other power project
like neuclear,hydro & wind.
Coal is the basic requirement for that and in
India coal is easily available.
Transport of vapour is easy because it is
lighter.
7. S
NO.
Name of the
project
No. of
units
Capacity
(MW)
Actual
Genera
tion
1. Harduaganj
(A,B&C)
10 630 375
2. Panki,Kanpur 4 284 210
3. Obra 8 550 480
4. Obra ext 5 1000 970
5. Anpara 5 1630 1630
6. Tanda(now under
NTPC)
4 440 NIL
7. Pariksha,Jhansi 4 440 440
8. Panki Thermal Power Station is a Electricity Generation Station where
Electricity Generated through the steam operation on Turbine & Steam is
Generated by Coal Firing so it is a Typical Coal fired Electricity Generation
Station.
It is Located about 16 Kms Away from Kanpur Railway Station ,was Started
with two units(1st & 2nd) of 32 MW each.it was established in 1968.
After Generating Power for about 28-29 years,2*32 MW units had
completed their Rated Life So they were closed on 30th November 1995 &
18th April 1997 respectively.
So In 1976-77 ,Two Units (3rd & 4th of 2*110 MW each) Manufactured
,Installed Bharat Heavy Electronics Ltd. These units were established in
1976 & 1977 respectively.
Unit 3rd & 4th have been derated to 105 MW each by the Central Electricity
Authority(C.E.A) on 11th January 1990.
So Presently there are two units (3rd & 4th of 105 MW each) working at
PTPS.
11. Water Treatment Division
•Coal Handling Division
Boiler Maintenance Division
•Turbine Maintenance Division
Electrical Maintenance Division
•CONTROL &INSTRUMENTAION DIVISION
Electrical Distribution Division
•Civil Maintenance Division
Operating General Division(O.G 1)
•Operating General Division(O.G.2)
•Store & Purchase Division
Store,Purchase & Transportaion Division
12. Efficient Operation of the plant.
Economic Operation of the plant.
Safe operation of the plant.
Pollution control
13. This entire task is often taken up by control & instrumentation or
simply instrumentation system which has following functions:-
a) Measurement
b) Control
c) Operation
d) Monitoring
e) Protection
14. For a Plant Measurement system needs to be:
Very accurate
Reliable
Delays should be as small as possible
Should be switched on manually when a overall control
system fails.
Pressure
Temperature
Flow
Level
Expansion/ Contraction
Analysis of (1) Water (2) Steam (3) Flue Gases
And Others
15. Variables/ Measuring Points Types Of Sensors/ Approx. number
Parameters Instruments in the plant
(1) Pressure (a) Boiler Bourdon Tube,
(b) Turbine Diaphragm,
(c) Turbine Throttle Bellows 375-400
(d) Furnace Bell Gauges
(2)Tempera (a Steam at superheater Thermocouple
ture inlet & outlet
(b Feed Water at
economiser inlet
(c Water at condenser RTD 700-750
inlet
(d Air Preheater
(e Flue Gases Thermocouple
16. (e Bearing of turbine & Thermocouple
generator
(f feed pump, condensate RTD
pump
(3) Flow (a High Pressure Steam Orifice, Venturi, 75-100
(b Feed water inlet Flow Nozzle,etc.
(c Condensate
(4) Level (a Boiler Drum
(b condensate tank Differential 75-100
(c Water line pressure methods
(5) Expansion (a Turbine Shaft Relative 6-8
(b Turbine casing Displacement
(6) Vibration (a turbine & generator Mass spring with
shafts & bearing shells Potentiometric
Capacitive, eddy 30-50
current, piezo
electric & optical
types are used
17. (7) Analysis
(i) WATER (a feed water at econ-
-omiser inlet
(b Boiler inlet Conductive cell 8-12
(c Condenser with meter
(d Condensate pump
discharge
(ii) STEAM (a Saturated steam Conductive cell 4-6
(b Main line steam with meter
(c Super heater inlet Na Analyser 1-2
(iii) FLUE
GASES (a O2 – Economiser to air Zirconia cell 2-4
heater
(b CO2 – Air heater inlet CO2 analyser 2-4
& outlet
(c CO – stack CO analyser 2-4
(d SO2 - Stack SO2 analyser 1-2
(e Nitrogen Oxide- stack N- Oxide Analysesr 1-2
(f Dust concn.- stack Optical method 2-3
18. Pressure measuring devices are divided into two groups:
Liquid Columns
Expansion Elements
Liquid columns:
.
Low range pressure measurement
May be of U-Tube type or well-Type.
Unknown
Pressure
19. These are not favoured in modern power plant but are still used in older
power plants.
Expansion Elements:
Used in modern power plants.
Usually metallic & its movement indicates the pressure.
Either directly coupled with mechanical linkages or indirectly by an
electrical transducer connected to a read out device .
Main Expansion Elements are:
Diaphragms.
Bellows
Bourden tube
20. Diaphragms
Commonly corrugated diaphragms are used because large deflection can
be produced without nonlinearity compared with flat type.
In order to increase the deflection capabilities two or more corrugated
diaphragms are welded at the circumferences--- Capsule element.
21. Bellows:
Manufactured from
Brass, Brass alloys,
Stainless steel.
Used for low pressure
measurement.
For high pressure
measurement bellows
are connected with
spring.
22. Bourden Tube
C shaped and made into an
arc of about 270
0
Material from which it made
depends upon the pressure range
of the device
Bourdon tubes are also used
in forms other than C type:-
Spiral element: large
movement than C tube.
Helical element: produce more
or less circular movement which
is useful for driving a recorder
pen directly.
24. The most important parameter in thermal power plant is temperature and its
measurement plays a vital role in safe operation of the plant.
Rise of temperature in a substance is due to the resultant increase in
molecular activity of the substance on application of heat; which increases
the internal energy of the material .
The efficiency of generation also depend on the temperature measurement
T2 = Tempreture inside the condenser.
T1= Superheater temperature.
1T
2T
1
25. Expansion Thermometer
In this type of measurement two dissimilar metal tube having different
expansion coefficient are attached end to end.
For same temperature change difference in the lengths are compared and
calibrated for unknown temperature measurement.
Variation in length is slight and has to be magnified for detection.
26. THERMOELECTRIC THERMOMETRY
This device is based on SEEBACK and PELTIER effect. It comprises of
two junctions at different temperature. Then the emf is induced in the circuit
due to the flow of electrons. This is an important part in the plant.
The actual value depend upon the material used and on temperature
difference between the junctions.
27. RESISTANCE THERMOMETRY
Suggested by Siemens in 1871- but not satisfactory used for high
temperature .
Today RTD is given by H.L.Calender in 1891
PROPERTY-The resistance of the conductor changes when its temperature
is changed.
Copper is occasionally used.
Platinum, nickel or nickel alloys are commonly used .
Tungsten is used for high temperature applications
METAL MIN. TEMP. MAX.TEMP. MELTING
POINT
PLATINUM -260
0
C 110
0
C 1773
0
C
COPPER 0
0
C 180
0
C 1083
0
C
NICKEL -220
0
C 300
0
C 1435
0
C
TUNGSTEN -200
0
C 1000
0
C 3370
0
C
28. RTDs
ULTRA VIOLET SENSOR
This device is used in furnace and it measures the intensity of
ultra violet rays there and according to the wave generated
which directly indicates the temperature in the furnace.
29. A universal flow meter for all applications in power station is not
available.
Infect there are more ways of measuring flow than measuring
pressure & temperature.
Dual function meters usually measure flow rate with linear output &
minimum error.
Vortex & Ultrasonic meters have become available in recent years
(1986) & their full potential is not still fully developed.
Two principle measurements are made by flow meters viz. quantity
of flow and rate of flow.
'Quantity of flow' is the quantity of fluid passing a given point in a
given time, i.e. gallons or pounds.
‘Rate of flow' is the speed of a fluid passing a given point at a given
instant and is proportional to quantity passing at a given instant, i.e.
gallons per minute or pounds per hour.
30. There are two groups of measuring devices:-
1. POSITIVE, OR VOLUMETRIC, which measure flow by
transferring a measured quantity of fluid from the inlet to the
outlet.
2. INFERENTIAL, which measures the velocity of the flow and the
volume passed is inferred, it being equal to the velocity times the
cross sectional area of the flow. The inferential type is the most
widely used.
31. pH, DO,TURBIDITY & HYDRAZINE:
Need to be checked for acidity (pH), Dissolved oxygen(DO)
Turbidity arising out of contamination by suspended
particles .
Hydrazine which is added from outside to the feed water but
the excess should be monitored.
Oxygen reacts with thallium to form thallium oxide which in
aqueous solution show good conductivity.
32.
33. Control and instrumentation in any process industry, can be compared
to the nerve system in the human being.
The way the nerve system controls the operation of various limbs of
human beings, C&I in the same way controls and operates various
motors, pumps, etc and thus helps us to achieve our targets.
C&I, as the name indicates, is a branch in engineering which deals
with various measurement, indication, transmission and control in
different technical field.
The main work of C&I department is to observe, control and
manipulate electrical as well as non-electrical quantities like
temperature, pressure, vibrations.
34. C&I department governs the whole functioning and operation of
power plant through the Central Control System (DDC-MIS)
“Distributed Digital Control Monitoring and Information System”.
35. Control and Instrumentation Department has following labs:
1. Manometry Lab
2. Protection and Interlocks Lab
3. Automation Lab
4. Electronics Lab
5. Water Treatment Plant
6. Furnaces Safety Supervisory System Lab
36. 1. TRANSMITTERS
It is used for pressure measurements of gases and liquids, its working
principle is that the input pressure is converted into electrostatic
capacitance and from there it is conditioned and amplified. It gives an
output of 4-20 ma DC. It can be mounted on a pipe or a wall. For liquid or
steam measurement transmitters is mounted below main process piping
and for gas measurement transmitter is placed above pipe.
2. MANOMETER
It’s a tube which is bent, in U shape. It is filled with a liquid. This device
corresponds to a difference in pressure across the two limbs.
3. BOURDEN PRESSURE GAUGE
It’s an oval section tube. Its one end is fixed. It is provided with a pointer
to indicate the pressure on a calibrated scale. It is of 2 types:
(a) Spiral type: for Low pressure measurement.
(b) Helical Type: for High pressure measurement.
37. INTERLOCKING
It is basically interconnecting two or more equipments so that if one
equipments fails other one can perform the tasks. This type of
interdependence is also created so that equipments connected together
are started and shut down in the specific sequence to avoid damage.
For protection of equipments tripping are provided for all the
equipments. Tripping can be considered as the series of instructions
connected through OR Gates.
When a fault occurs and any one of the tripping is satisfied a signal is
sent to the relay, which trips the circuit. The main equipments of this
lab are relay and circuit breakers
38. Some of instrument used for protection are:
1. RELAY
It is a protective device. It can detect wrong condition in electrical
circuits by constantly measuring the electrical quantities flowing under
normal and faulty conditions. Some of the electrical quantities are
voltage, current, phase angle and velocity.
2. FUSES
It is a short piece of metal inserted in the circuit, which melts when
heavy current flows through it and thus breaks the circuit. Usually
silver is used as a fuse material .
3. MINIATURE CIRCUIT BREAKER
They are used with combination of the control circuits to-
a) Enable the staring of plant and distributors.
b) Protect the circuit in case of a fault.
In consists of current carrying contacts, one movable and other fixed.
When a fault occurs the contacts separate and are is stuck between
them.
39. This lab deals in automating the existing equipment and feeding
routes.
Earlier, the old technology dealt with only (DAS) Data
Acquisition System known as primary systems.
The modern technology or the secondary systems are coupled
with (MIS) Management Information System.
All the control instruments are excited by 24V supply (4-20mA)
because voltage can be mathematically handled with ease
therefore all control systems use voltage system for
computation.
40. This lab has the responsibility of starting fire in the furnace to
enable the burning of coal..
Unburnt coal is removed using forced draft or induced draft fan.
The temperature inside the boiler is 1100 degree Celsius and its
height is 18 to 40 m. It is made up of mild steel.
An ultra violet sensor is employed in furnace to measure the
intensity of ultra violet rays inside the furnace and according to it a
signal in the same order of same mV is generated which directly
indicates the temperature of the furnace.
For firing the furnace a 10 KV spark plug is operated for ten
seconds over a spray of diesel fuel and pre-heater air along each of
the feeder-mills.
41. This lab undertakes the calibration and testing of various cards. It
houses various types of analytical instruments like oscilloscopes,
integrated circuits, cards auto analyzers etc.
Various processes undertaken in this lab are:
1. Transmitter converts mV to mA.
2. Auto analyzer purifies the sample before it is sent to electrodes
42.
43. Electrical Maintenance Division:
It is responsible for maintenance of:
1. Boiler side motors
2. Turbine side motors
3. Outside motors
4. Switchgear
Protection By switch gear It makes or breaks an electrical
circuit.
44. Pollution Control systems:
In order to ensure that NTPC comply with all the stipulated environment
norms, various pollution control systems / devices as discussed below have
been installed to control air and water pollution.
1. Electrostatic Precipitators:
The ash left behind after combustion of coal is arrested in high efficiency
Electrostatic Precipitators (ESP’s) and particulate emission is controlled well within
the stipulated norms. The ash collected in the ESP’s is disposed to Ash Ponds in
slurry form.
2. Flue Gas Stacks:
Tall Flue Gas Stacks have been provided for wide dispersion of the gaseous
emissions (SOX, NOX etc) into the atmosphere.
3. Neutralisation Pits:
Neutralisation pits have been provided in the Water Treatment Plant (WTP) for pH
correction of the effluents nbefore discharge into Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP)
for further treatment and use.
45. 5. Cooling Towers
Cooling Towers have been provided for cooling the hot Condenser cooling
water in closed cycle Condenser Cooling Water (CCW) Systems. This helps
in reduction in thermal pollution and conservation of fresh water.
6. Ash Water Recycling System:
In the AWRS, the effluent from ash pond is circulated back to the station for
further ash sluicing to the ash pond. This helps in savings of fresh water
requirements for transportation of ash from the plant.
46. 1. The objective of industrial liquid effluent treatment plant
(ETP) is to discharge lesser and cleaner effluent from the
power plants to meet environmental regulations.
2. After primary treatment at the source of their generation,
the effluents are sent to the ETP for further treatment.
3. The scheme involves collection of various effluents and
their appropriate treatment centrally and re-circulation of
the treated effluent for various plant uses
47. WEBSITE OF UVRVUNL www.uprvunl.gov
REPORT OF PREVIOUS YEAR INTERNS
USER GUIDE OF VARIOUS INSTRUMENTS IN PLANT
PRESENTATIONS ON slideshare.com