Abstract: Heat pipe are high-efficient heat transfer devices and have been widely applied in various thermal systems. Since heat pipe utilize the phase change of the working fluid to transport the heat, the selection of working fluid is of essential importance to promote the thermal performance of heat pipe. Owing to the heat transfer enhancement effect of nanofluid in the single phase and phase change heat transfer, some researchers have applied various nanofluids in heat pipe as the working fluids to enhance their heat transfer performance.
Flue gas low temperature heat recovery system for air conditioningeSAT Journals
Abstract Huge amount of energy wasted through the flue gas in thermal power station causes great concern in recent years. Discharging hot flue gas in the environment is not only a wastage of energy but also increases the rate of global warming. Efforts are given world -wide to harness the energy for useful purposes. In this work, the waste heat of flue gas in a 350 MW thermal power plant is utilized in vapor absorption air conditioning plant. Gas to liquid multi-pass cross flow heat exchanger that have been placed in the existing space between boiler and chimney. The dimensions of the finally selected heat exchanger are 0.106m × 2.4m × 3.4m. The number of pipes required for the heat exchanger is found to be 12 using iteration method and temperature of water at the outlet of last pipe is 101.1℃. The extracted energy from the flue gas is used to heat water to be utilized in the generator of a vapor absorption refrigeration system that has produced a refrigerating capacity of 70 TR. approximately. Due to the corrosive nature of flue gas, heat recovery is confined up to the acid dew point temperature of the flue gas. Suitable software is used to find out the detailed design parameters of Gas to liquid multi-pass cross flow heat exchangers. Out of many feasible designs of heat exchangers, the most economic design is selected as the final design. Keywords—Air Conditioning; Flue Gas; Heat Exchanger; Heat Recovery; Vapour Absorption Machine
Flue gas low temperature heat recovery system for air conditioningeSAT Journals
Abstract Huge amount of energy wasted through the flue gas in thermal power station causes great concern in recent years. Discharging hot flue gas in the environment is not only a wastage of energy but also increases the rate of global warming. Efforts are given world -wide to harness the energy for useful purposes. In this work, the waste heat of flue gas in a 350 MW thermal power plant is utilized in vapor absorption air conditioning plant. Gas to liquid multi-pass cross flow heat exchanger that have been placed in the existing space between boiler and chimney. The dimensions of the finally selected heat exchanger are 0.106m × 2.4m × 3.4m. The number of pipes required for the heat exchanger is found to be 12 using iteration method and temperature of water at the outlet of last pipe is 101.1℃. The extracted energy from the flue gas is used to heat water to be utilized in the generator of a vapor absorption refrigeration system that has produced a refrigerating capacity of 70 TR. approximately. Due to the corrosive nature of flue gas, heat recovery is confined up to the acid dew point temperature of the flue gas. Suitable software is used to find out the detailed design parameters of Gas to liquid multi-pass cross flow heat exchangers. Out of many feasible designs of heat exchangers, the most economic design is selected as the final design. Keywords—Air Conditioning; Flue Gas; Heat Exchanger; Heat Recovery; Vapour Absorption Machine
WASTE HEAT RECOVERY IN DOMESTIC REFRIGERATION SYSTEM IN THE APPLICATION OF WA...Journal For Research
Heat is the energy, so energy saving is one of the key matters for the protection of global environment. Heat also radiated from our domestic refrigerator. This waste heat from refrigerator will affect the environmental because as heat in the environment will increases it will cause global warming. So it is necessary that a significant effort should be made for conserving energy through waste heat recovery too. So An attempt has been made to utilize waste heat from condenser of refrigerator. This heat can be used for various of domestic and industrial purposes. In minimum constructional, maintenance and running cost, this system is very useful for domestic purpose. It is valuable alternative approach to increase overall efficiency and reuse the waste heat. The study has shown that such a system is technically feasible and economical. This system is a cabin that we are going to install over the head of the simple refrigerator, this cabin will be an arrangement of coils that will work as a heat exchanger for reuse of waste heat. These coils are hot coils of condenser of the refrigerator that will be modified and will put in the cabin. It can serve the purpose of cooking, geysers etc. Besides, the refrigerator may be used as conventional refrigerator. Further COP will also increase. Heat rejection may occur directly to the air in the case of a conventional household domestic refrigerator having air-cooled condenser. This system rejected less heat to the environment so it is safer in environmental aspects also.
Influence of Different Parameters on Heat Pipe PerformanceIJERA Editor
In electrical and electronic industry due to miniaturization of electronic components heat density increases
which, in turns increases the heat flux inside it. Scientist and many researchers are doing lot of work in this field
for thermal management of devices. Heat pipe is a device that is used in electronic circuit (micro and power
electronics), spacecraft & electrical components for cooling purpose. It is based on the principle of evaporation
and condensation of working fluid. Heat pipe made up of three main parts are evaporator, adiabatic and
condenser sections. In this working fluid vaporise at evaporator and transfers heat to condenser by adiabatic
section where heat release to surrounding. Vapour flows possible from evaporator to condenser section due to
vapour pressure difference exist between them. Use of heat pipe material, type of working fluid & its property,
wick structure, orientation, filled ratio, operating condition, dimensions of pipe has a prominent effect on heat
pipe performance. Variation of these parameters for minimum thermal resistance gives better performance.
Heat Recovery System in Domestic RefrigeratorIjrdt Journal
Refrigeration is a process in which work is done to move heat from one location to another. Refrigeration technology has rapidly evolved in last century from ice harvesting to temperature controlled rail cars. Most widely used current application of refrigeration is for air-conditioning of homes and public buildings. During refrigeration, heat from the refrigerant is dissipated for the successful completion of a refrigeration cycle. In normal household refrigerators, the heat from the refrigerant is removed using a condenser where the refrigerant cools and the air surrounding the condenser heats up. The strategy of how to recover the dissipated heat to develop a waste heat recovery system is relevant. The energy lost in waste heat cannot be fully recovered. However, much of the heat can be recovered and the loss can be minimized by adopting different measures. Hot air can be used for space heating, industrial drying, preheating aspirated air for oil burners, or any other application requiring warm air. The purpose of this project is to demonstrate the technical feasibility of a heat recovery system to recover waste heat from the condenser in the refrigerator and to reuse it for heating application.
Design &Analysis of Waste Heat Recovery System for Domestic RefrigeratorIJMER
Heat is energy, so energy saving is one of the key matters from view point of fuel consumption
and for the protection of global environment. So it is necessary that a significant and concrete effort should
be made for conserving energy through waste heat recovery too. The main objective of this paper is to study
“Waste Heat recovery system for domestic refrigerator”. An attempt has been made to utilize waste heat
from condenser of refrigerator. This heat can be used for number of domestic and industrial purposes. In
minimum constructional, maintenance and running cost, this system is much useful for domestic purpose. It
is valuable alternative approach to improve overall efficiency and reuse the waste heat. The study has
shown that such a system is technically feasible and economically viable.
REFRIGERATION- HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM BY USING WATER HEATER CHAMBER IN BETWEEN...Dhananjay Parmar
The heat from the condenser side is dissipated to the room air. If this heat is not utilized it simply becomes the waste heat.
The rejected heat could be used to operate any other low grade heat required refrigeration system.
Experimental Investigation of a Helical Coil Heat Exchangerinventy
Helical coil heat exchangers are one of the most common equipment found in many industrial applications. Helical coil heat exchanger is one of the devices which are used for the recovery system. The helical coil heat exchangers can be made in the form of a shell and tube heat exchangers and can be used for industrial applications such as power generation, nuclear industry, process plants, heat recovery systems, refrigeration, food industry etc. In our work we had designed, fabricated and experimentally analysed a helical coil heat exchanger and a straight tube heat exchanger. From the observations and calculations, the results of the helical coil heat exchanger and straight tube heat exchanger are obtained and are compared. From our obtained results, the helical coil heat exchanger showed increase in the heat transfer rate, effectiveness and overall heat transfer coefficient over the straight tube heat exchanger on all mass flow rates and operating conditions. The centrifugal force due to the curvature of the tube results in the secondary flow development which enhances the heat transfer rate. Comparative study shows that helical coil heat exchanger is having better performance that straight tube heat exchanger.
Enhancement of heat transfer in tube in-tube heat exchangers using twisted in...Ijrdt Journal
Heat exchangers have several industrial and engineering applications. There are different methods to enhance heat transfer in heat exchangers. Passive technique of heat transfer is the most economical and best suited one. The role of inserts in internal forced convection has been widely acknowledged as a passive device in the heat transfer enhancement. One of such technique is introduction of twisted inserts which enhances the heat transfer coefficient. Twisted aluminium inserts when placed in the path of the fluid flow, creates a high degree of turbulence resulting in an increase in the heat transfer rate. By placing inserts, it is expected that the benefits due to the increased heat transfer coefficient overcome the higher cost involved because of the increased frictional losses. The work mainly focuses on increasing the heat transfer of tube-in-tube heat exchangers by using twisted aluminium inserts. The results obtained from the tube with twisted aluminium insert are compared with those without twisted insert using standard properties of heat transfer (LMTD & Effectiveness). The relations based on the data gathered during this work for predicting the heat transfer coefficient of the horizontal pipe with twisted taped insert are proposed. According to the results, in order to obtain maximum heat transfer, the twist ratio must be at the lowest level.
WASTE HEAT RECOVERY IN DOMESTIC REFRIGERATION SYSTEM IN THE APPLICATION OF WA...Journal For Research
Heat is the energy, so energy saving is one of the key matters for the protection of global environment. Heat also radiated from our domestic refrigerator. This waste heat from refrigerator will affect the environmental because as heat in the environment will increases it will cause global warming. So it is necessary that a significant effort should be made for conserving energy through waste heat recovery too. So An attempt has been made to utilize waste heat from condenser of refrigerator. This heat can be used for various of domestic and industrial purposes. In minimum constructional, maintenance and running cost, this system is very useful for domestic purpose. It is valuable alternative approach to increase overall efficiency and reuse the waste heat. The study has shown that such a system is technically feasible and economical. This system is a cabin that we are going to install over the head of the simple refrigerator, this cabin will be an arrangement of coils that will work as a heat exchanger for reuse of waste heat. These coils are hot coils of condenser of the refrigerator that will be modified and will put in the cabin. It can serve the purpose of cooking, geysers etc. Besides, the refrigerator may be used as conventional refrigerator. Further COP will also increase. Heat rejection may occur directly to the air in the case of a conventional household domestic refrigerator having air-cooled condenser. This system rejected less heat to the environment so it is safer in environmental aspects also.
Influence of Different Parameters on Heat Pipe PerformanceIJERA Editor
In electrical and electronic industry due to miniaturization of electronic components heat density increases
which, in turns increases the heat flux inside it. Scientist and many researchers are doing lot of work in this field
for thermal management of devices. Heat pipe is a device that is used in electronic circuit (micro and power
electronics), spacecraft & electrical components for cooling purpose. It is based on the principle of evaporation
and condensation of working fluid. Heat pipe made up of three main parts are evaporator, adiabatic and
condenser sections. In this working fluid vaporise at evaporator and transfers heat to condenser by adiabatic
section where heat release to surrounding. Vapour flows possible from evaporator to condenser section due to
vapour pressure difference exist between them. Use of heat pipe material, type of working fluid & its property,
wick structure, orientation, filled ratio, operating condition, dimensions of pipe has a prominent effect on heat
pipe performance. Variation of these parameters for minimum thermal resistance gives better performance.
Heat Recovery System in Domestic RefrigeratorIjrdt Journal
Refrigeration is a process in which work is done to move heat from one location to another. Refrigeration technology has rapidly evolved in last century from ice harvesting to temperature controlled rail cars. Most widely used current application of refrigeration is for air-conditioning of homes and public buildings. During refrigeration, heat from the refrigerant is dissipated for the successful completion of a refrigeration cycle. In normal household refrigerators, the heat from the refrigerant is removed using a condenser where the refrigerant cools and the air surrounding the condenser heats up. The strategy of how to recover the dissipated heat to develop a waste heat recovery system is relevant. The energy lost in waste heat cannot be fully recovered. However, much of the heat can be recovered and the loss can be minimized by adopting different measures. Hot air can be used for space heating, industrial drying, preheating aspirated air for oil burners, or any other application requiring warm air. The purpose of this project is to demonstrate the technical feasibility of a heat recovery system to recover waste heat from the condenser in the refrigerator and to reuse it for heating application.
Design &Analysis of Waste Heat Recovery System for Domestic RefrigeratorIJMER
Heat is energy, so energy saving is one of the key matters from view point of fuel consumption
and for the protection of global environment. So it is necessary that a significant and concrete effort should
be made for conserving energy through waste heat recovery too. The main objective of this paper is to study
“Waste Heat recovery system for domestic refrigerator”. An attempt has been made to utilize waste heat
from condenser of refrigerator. This heat can be used for number of domestic and industrial purposes. In
minimum constructional, maintenance and running cost, this system is much useful for domestic purpose. It
is valuable alternative approach to improve overall efficiency and reuse the waste heat. The study has
shown that such a system is technically feasible and economically viable.
REFRIGERATION- HEAT RECOVERY SYSTEM BY USING WATER HEATER CHAMBER IN BETWEEN...Dhananjay Parmar
The heat from the condenser side is dissipated to the room air. If this heat is not utilized it simply becomes the waste heat.
The rejected heat could be used to operate any other low grade heat required refrigeration system.
Experimental Investigation of a Helical Coil Heat Exchangerinventy
Helical coil heat exchangers are one of the most common equipment found in many industrial applications. Helical coil heat exchanger is one of the devices which are used for the recovery system. The helical coil heat exchangers can be made in the form of a shell and tube heat exchangers and can be used for industrial applications such as power generation, nuclear industry, process plants, heat recovery systems, refrigeration, food industry etc. In our work we had designed, fabricated and experimentally analysed a helical coil heat exchanger and a straight tube heat exchanger. From the observations and calculations, the results of the helical coil heat exchanger and straight tube heat exchanger are obtained and are compared. From our obtained results, the helical coil heat exchanger showed increase in the heat transfer rate, effectiveness and overall heat transfer coefficient over the straight tube heat exchanger on all mass flow rates and operating conditions. The centrifugal force due to the curvature of the tube results in the secondary flow development which enhances the heat transfer rate. Comparative study shows that helical coil heat exchanger is having better performance that straight tube heat exchanger.
Enhancement of heat transfer in tube in-tube heat exchangers using twisted in...Ijrdt Journal
Heat exchangers have several industrial and engineering applications. There are different methods to enhance heat transfer in heat exchangers. Passive technique of heat transfer is the most economical and best suited one. The role of inserts in internal forced convection has been widely acknowledged as a passive device in the heat transfer enhancement. One of such technique is introduction of twisted inserts which enhances the heat transfer coefficient. Twisted aluminium inserts when placed in the path of the fluid flow, creates a high degree of turbulence resulting in an increase in the heat transfer rate. By placing inserts, it is expected that the benefits due to the increased heat transfer coefficient overcome the higher cost involved because of the increased frictional losses. The work mainly focuses on increasing the heat transfer of tube-in-tube heat exchangers by using twisted aluminium inserts. The results obtained from the tube with twisted aluminium insert are compared with those without twisted insert using standard properties of heat transfer (LMTD & Effectiveness). The relations based on the data gathered during this work for predicting the heat transfer coefficient of the horizontal pipe with twisted taped insert are proposed. According to the results, in order to obtain maximum heat transfer, the twist ratio must be at the lowest level.
The heat transfer and friction factor were
experimentally investigated in a louvered strip inserted tube in
turbulent flow region. A copper tube of (I.D=28mm, O.D=32mm)
and 900mm length was used. A louvered strip insert with
different geometrical configuration was inserted into the smooth
tube. A uniform heat flux condition was created by wrapping
heating tape of 2500 watt around the test section. Fibre glass
cloth was used as a thermal insulator which surrounds the
heating tape. Outer surface temperature of the tube were
measured at five different equally spaced points of test section by
k-typethermocouples. Two thermocouples were used to measure
the inlet and outlet temperature of water. The Reynolds numbers
were varied in the range of 2500 to 4000 with constant heat flux
of 24 kw/m2 for smooth tube and louvered strip inserted. Nusselt
number and friction factor obtained for louvered strip (with
forward backward arrangement) > Nusselt number and friction
factor for louvered strip (with semi-forward semi-backward
arrangement)> Nusselt number and friction factor for louvered
strip (with forward arrengement).
Heat transfer enhancement and friction factor analysis in tube using conical ...eSAT Journals
Abstract Role of the conical spring array for the heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop change in a pipe with constant heat flux boundary condition was investigated. Three different arrangements of conical spring array inserts were used in the experimental setup. Conical spring inserts with diverging conical spring, converging-diverging conical spring and converging conical spring array inserts arrangements were used. Water was used as a working fluid in the experimental setup. It was found that use of conical spring array inserts arrangement leads to enhancement in heat transfer. Higher heat transfer rate was achieved in the divergent spring array arrangement than the converging-diverging and converging arrangement. However, maximum friction factor is achieved in the diverging spring array insert arrangement. By increasing the Reynolds Number for different turbulator arrangement, the significant increase in Nusselt number was obtained. The enhancement in Nusselt Number for the diverging, converging-diverging, converging conical spring array arrangement was 645% ,431% and 259% respectively. The heat transfer enhancement efficiency can be evaluated based on the power consumption per unit mass of fluid. Heat transfer enhancement efficiencies were found for the divergent spring array arrangement up to 277% and for the convergent-divergent spring arrangement up to 212% and for the convergent spring array arrangement up to 153%. Keywords— Heat exchanger, Heat transfer enhancement, Friction factor, Conical spring turbulator, Heat transfer enhancement efficiency
Effect of Wavy (Corrugated) Twisted Tape Inserts on Heat Transfer in a double...ijiert bestjournal
In the present work heat transfer and friction factor properties we re experimentally investigated by using copper wavy (corrugated) twisted tape inserts. The turbulent flow w as created by inserting the wavy twisted tape inserts into the inner tube of heat exchanger creating high rate of t urbulence in pipe,which results in increasing heat transfer enhancement and pressure drop. The tape consists of the cor rugations and the twisting with various twist ratios (TR=10.7,8.5,7.1). The length and width of insert was 1 meter an d 14 mm respectively. The outer tube of heat exchanger is made up of mild steel with outside diameter .0198 m & .0142 m inside diameter and the inner tube is made up of copper with .038 m outside diameter and .032 m inside di ameter. The length of pipe in pipe heat exchanger is 1.4 m. The bulk mean temperatures at various posit ions are used for different flow rate of water. From the obtained results the new Correlations for Nusselt number and friction factor are developed for twisted tape inserts. The Reynolds number is varied from 5000 to 17000. The results of varying twists in wavy twisted tape inserts with different pitches have been compared with the val ues for the smooth tube. It showed that the highest heat transfer rate was achieved for the wavy twis ted tape with twist ration 7.1. The Nusselt number value increased by 172 % and friction factor value increased by 32.11% as compared to the sm ooth tube values.
HEAT TRANSFER AND FLOW FRICTION CHARACTERISTICS OF SOLAR WATER HEATER WITH IN...IAEME Publication
Experimental investigation of friction factor and heat transfer characteristics of thermosyphone solar water heater with flat plate solar collector fitted with full length baffle of 10cm
pitch have been presented. The flow regime is laminar for this study with the Reynolds number range 124 to 258. The experimental data obtained were compared with those obtained from plain tube data. The effects of full length baffle inside the tube on heat transfer and friction factor were presented.
Experimental Investigation on the Heat Transfer Coefficient of the Thermosyph...IJERA Editor
Two phase closed thermosyphon is a good heat transfer device. A large heat is transferred from evaporator to condenser with relatively a small temperature difference. In the present work, the heat transfer performance of two phase closed thermosyphon is analyzed experimentally with different cross section shape for the thermosyphon tube. A copper thermosyphon has been constructed with three different cross section shape (circular, square and rectangular) having the same hydraulic diameter and length. Methanol is used as the working fluid. The temperature distribution across the thermosyphon outer surface was measured and recorded using thermocouples. The results showed that the heat transfer coefficient increases with the increase of input power, thermal resistance is indirectly proportional to the input power. The maximum heat transfer coefficient (1815 W/m2C) for square cross section at the input power (500 W).
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE ANALYSIS OF HEAT ENHANCEMENT IN CORRUGATED TWISTED ...P singh
In heat exchanger, the enthalpy is transferred between two or more fluids, at different temperatures. The major challenge in designing a heat exchanger is to make the equipment more compact and achieve a high heat transfer rate using minimum pumping power. In recent years, the high cost of energy and material has resulted in an increased effort aimed at producing more efficient heat exchange equipment. Furthermore, as a heat exchanger becomes older, the resistance to heat transfer increases owing to fouling or scaling. The heat transfer rate can be improved by introducing a disturbance in the fluid flow thereby breaking the viscous and thermal boundary layer. However, in the process pumping power may increase significantly and ultimately the pumping cost becomes high. Therefore, to achieve a desired heat transfer rate in an existing heat exchanger at an economic pumping power, several techniques have been proposed in recent years and are discussed under the classification section.
In this work, a study of transient heat transfer in double tube heat exchanger has enhanced. The inner tube of the setup was made with corrugation on both inner and outer walls by twisting the pipe from one end, which gives the more swirling motion to the fluid particles flowing over it. The flow inside the pipe was considered as turbulent, and the analysis was done experimentally and theoretically by using the ANSYS workbench. The experimental results were compared with the experimental values taken in the setup done by considering the inner tube as normal pipe. In both heat exchangers the values were taken and compared with the theoretical analysis. Temperature distribution and heat transfer rate were calculated and the details of the study have been discussed in this paper.
Numerical and Experimental Investigation Plane Fin with the Help of Passive A...iosrjce
As we know that fins are basically a extended surface which is use to increase the heat transfer rate,
this is basically a secondary surface mounted on primary surface to augment heat transfer from it . To dissipate
heat at faster rate, different heat transfer enhancement methods have been suggested in literature. Active and
passive heat transfer techniques are commonly employed for heat transfer augmentation in fluids.
Recent development in technology has led to demand for high performance lightweight, and compact heat
transfer equipment. To provide accommodation with this demand, finned surface are usually used to increase
rate of heat transfer. The excessive heat must be dissipated to the surrounding for smooth functioning of system.
This is more important in cooling of gas turbine blade, thermal power plants, air conditioning equipment and
electrical / electronic component. This component is getting more compacting size, which generates heat
continuously. This excessive heat will reduce the life of component. To overcome this problem there is need of
effective cooling system. Therefore now a day’s industries are utilizing thermal system such as ribs, fins, baffles
etc. The turbulence occurred due to these passive techniques are good enough to increase rate of heat transfer.
Our project is an extension in this direction to analysis the heat augmentation capacity of rectangular heat fin
array.
CFD Analysis of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Shell and Tube Type Heat Exchang...ijtsrd
Shell and Tube heat exchangers are having special importance in boilers, oil coolers, condensers, pre-heaters. Shell and Tube heat exchanger is one such heat exchanger, provides more area for heat transfer between two fluids in comparison with other type of heat exchanger. To intensify heat transfer with minimum pumping power innovative heat transfer fluids called Nano fluids have become the major area of research now a days. The primary aim is to evaluate the effect of different weight concentration and temperatures on convective heat transfer. Increasing the weight concentration and temperatures leads to enhancement of convective heat transfer coefficient. In the present, work attempts are made to enhance the heat transfer rate in shell and tube heat exchangers. A multi pass shell and tube heat exchanger with 3 tubes with fins modelling is done using ANSYS. Nanofluid such as Al2O3-H2O is used. The CFD simulated results achieved from the use of the creating fin in tube side in shell and tube type heat exchanger are compared with without fin. Based on the results, providing fins on tube causes the increment of overall heat transfer coefficient which results in the enhancement of heat transfer rate of heat exchanger. Sudhanshu Pathak | H. S. Sahu"CFD Analysis of Heat Transfer Enhancement in Shell and Tube Type Heat Exchanger creating Triangular Fin on the Tubes" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd14259.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/14259/cfd-analysis-of-heat-transfer-enhancement-in-shell-and-tube-type-heat-exchanger-creating-triangular-fin-on-the-tubes/sudhanshu-pathak
Performance Analysis of a Shell Tube Condenser for a Model Organic Rankine Cy...IJERA Editor
The global energy demand increases with the economic growth and population rise. Most electrical power is currently generated by conventional methods from fossil fuels. Despite the high energy demand, the conventional energy resources such as fossil fuels have been declining. In addition to this harmful combustion byproducts are resulting global warming. However, the increase of environmental concerns and energy crisis can be minimized by sustainable utilization of the low to medium temperature heat resources. The Organic Rankine Cycle power plant is a very effective option for utilization of low grade heat sources for power generation. Heat exchangers are the main components of the Organic Rankine Cycle power plant which receives heat energy from the heat source to evaporate and condense the low boiling temperature organic working fluid which in turn drives the turbine to generate power. This paper presents a simplified approach to the design, fabrication and performance assessment of a shell tube heat exchanger designed for condenser in a model Organic Rankine Cycle geothermal power plant. The design involved sizing of heat exchanger (condenser) using the LMTD method based on an expected heat transfer rate. The heat exchanger of the model power plant was tested in which hot water simulated geothermal brine. The results of the experiment indicated that the heat exchanger is thermally suitable for the condenser of the model power plant.
Analysis of Heat Transfer in Spiral Plate Heat Exchanger Using Experimental a...ijsrd.com
Heat transfer is the key to several processes in industrial application. In a present days maximum efficient heat transfer equipment are in demand due to increasing energy cost. For achieving maximum heat transfer, the engineers are continuously upgrading their knowledge and skills by their past experience. Present work is a skip in the direction of demonstrating the use of the computational technique as a tool to substitute experimental techniques. For this purpose an experimental set up has been designed and developed. Analysis of heat transfer in spiral plate heat exchanger is performed and same Analysis of heat transfer in spiral plate heat exchanger can be done by commercially procurable computational fluid dynamic (CFD) using ANSYS CFX and validated based on this forecasting. Analysis has been carried out in parallel and counter flow with inward and outward direction for achieving maximum possible heat transfer. In this problem of heat transfer involved the condition where Reynolds number again and again varies as the fluid traverses inside the section of flow from inlet to exit, mass flow rate of working fluid is been modified with time. By more and more analysis and experimentation and systematic data degradation leads to the conclusion that the maximum heat transfer rates is obtained in case of the inward parallel flow configuration compared to all other counterparts, which observed to vary with small difference in each section. Furthermore, for the increase heat transfer rate in spiral plate heat exchanger is obtain by cascading system.
Similar to Experimentation of Heat Pipe Used In Nano-Fluids (20)
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Home assignment II on Spectroscopy 2024 Answers.pdf
Experimentation of Heat Pipe Used In Nano-Fluids
1. ISSN 2393-8471
International Journal of Recent Research in Civil and Mechanical Engineering (IJRRCME)
Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp: (135-139), Month: April 2015 – September 2015, Available at: www.paperpublications.org
Page | 135
Paper Publications
Experimentation of Heat Pipe Used In
Nano-Fluids
1
Prashant Shinde, 2
Vinod Shinde, 3
Rajiv Talape, 4
D.N. Korade
1,2,3,4
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sinhgad Institute of Technology & Science, Pune
Abstract: Heat pipe are high-efficient heat transfer devices and have been widely applied in various thermal
systems. Since heat pipe utilize the phase change of the working fluid to transport the heat, the selection of
working fluid is of essential importance to promote the thermal performance of heat pipe. Owing to the heat
transfer enhancement effect of nanofluid in the single phase and phase change heat transfer, some researchers
have applied various nanofluids in heat pipe as the working fluids to enhance their heat transfer performance.
Keywords: Heat pipe, Heat transfer, Nano fluid, Heat Exchanger, Thermal system.
1. INTRODUCTION
Heat exchangers are used in different processes ranging from conversion, utilization & recovery of thermal energy in
various industrial, commercial & domestic applications. Some common examples include steam generation &
condensation in power & cogeneration plants; sensible heating & cooling in thermal processing of chemical,
pharmaceutical & agricultural products; fluid heating in manufacturing & waste heat recovery etc. Increase in Heat
exchanger’s performance can lead to more economical design of heat exchanger which can help to make energy, material
& cost savings related to a heat exchange process.
The need to increase the thermal performance of heat exchangers, thereby effecting energy, material & cost savings have
led to development & use of many techniques termed as Heat transfer Augmentation. These techniques are also referred
as Heat transfer Enhancement or Intensification. Augmentation techniques increase convective heat transfer by reducing
the thermal resistance in a heat exchanger.
Use of Heat transfer enhancement techniques lead to increase in heat transfer coefficient but at the cost of increase in
pressure drop. So, while designing a heat exchanger using any of these techniques, analysis of heat transfer rate &
pressure drop has to be done. Apart from this, issues like long term performance & detailed economic analysis of heat
exchanger has to be studied. To achieve high heat transfer rate in an existing or new heat exchanger while taking care of
the increased pumping power, several techniques have been proposed in recent years and are discussed in the following
sections.
2. A NEW HEAT TRANSFER ENHANCEMENT APPROACH WITH NANOFLUID
There is a great need for more efficient heat transfer fluids in many industries, from transportation to energy supply to
electronics. The coolants, lubricants, oils, and other heat transfer fluids used in today’s conventional thermal systems
(including radiators, engines, and HVAC equipment’s) have inherently poor heat transfer properties, and conventional
working fluids that contain millimetre- or micrometre-sized particles do not work with the newly emerging "miniaturized"
technologies because they can clog in micro channels.
By applying nanotechnology to thermal engineering, researchers has created nanofluids to solve these problems. These
nanofluids have an unprecedented combination of the two features most highly desired for thermal system applications:
extreme stability and ultra-high thermal conductivity. It has long been recognized that suspensions of solid particles in
2. ISSN 2393-8471
International Journal of Recent Research in Civil and Mechanical Engineering (IJRRCME)
Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp: (135-139), Month: April 2015 – September 2015, Available at: www.paperpublications.org
Page | 136
Paper Publications
liquids have great potential to increase heat transfer rate of fluids. The key idea is to exploit the very high thermal
conductivities of solid particles, which can be hundreds or even thousands of times greater than those of conventional
heat-transfer fluids such as water and ethylene glycol. Although such suspensions do indeed display the desired increase
in thermal conductivity, they suffer from stability problems. In particular, the particles tend to quickly settle out of
suspension and thereby cause severe clogging, particularly in mini and micro channels. A novel approach to engineering
fluids with better heat-transfer properties, based on the rapidly emerging field of nanotechnology, has recently been
proposed. In particular, it was demonstrated that solid nanoparticles colloids (i. e. colloids in which the grains have
dimensions of 10-40 nm) are extremely stable and exhibit no significant settling under static conditions, even after weeks
or months. Furthermore, the enhancement of thermal-transport properties of such "nanofluids" was even greater than that
of suspensions of coarse-grained materials.
3. NEED OF WORK
A heat pipe is an excellent heat conductor, one end of a heat pipe is the evaporation section, and the other end is the
condensation section. When the evaporation section is heated, the liquid in the heat pipe evaporates rapidly. This vapour
releases its heat at the condensation section, which has a small vapour pressure difference, and condenses back into liquid.
The condensed liquid in the condensation section then flows back to the evaporation section along the inner wall of the
heat pipe and undergoes endothermic evaporation in the evaporation section. The heat transfer of a heat pipe uses a
working fluid that changes phases in a continuous endothermic and exothermic cycle, giving the heat pipe excellent heat
transfer performance. Many researchers have used finned tube, threaded tubes, sintered tubes, and grooved tubes to
increase the contact area between the heat pipe and the internal working fluid, thus improving the heat pipe thermal
performance. Thus, replacing the traditional working fluid with a working fluid with a high heat transfer performance is
worth considering.
4. CONCEPT OF HEAT PIPE
Heat pipes have been utilized in heat transfer related applications for many years. Depending on their application area,
they can operate over a wide range of temperatures with a high heat removal capability. Heat pipes have been found to be
useful in a number of technologies such as electronic cooling, spacecraft thermal control, transportation systems,
automotive industry, permafrost stabilization, bio- related applications, solar systems and manufacturing. Heat pipes and
their applications in thermal management have been studied for decades. They constitute an efficient, compact tool to
dissipate substantial amount of heat.
Fig.: - Concept of project
3. ISSN 2393-8471
International Journal of Recent Research in Civil and Mechanical Engineering (IJRRCME)
Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp: (135-139), Month: April 2015 – September 2015, Available at: www.paperpublications.org
Page | 137
Paper Publications
5. EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
This apparatus consists of a screen mesh wick straight heat pipe with one side having evaporator and other having
condenser. The heat input is made of copper material. The evaporator section is heated by an electrical heater surrounding
at its circumferences. The condenser section is cooled by an cooling water circulating in a constant-temperature thermal
bath. The cooling water is supplied with the help of centrifugal pump. Also the flow meter is attached to measure the flow
of cooling water.
Fig.: - Schematic view of heat pipe
Fig.: - Photographic view of Experimental set-up
4. ISSN 2393-8471
International Journal of Recent Research in Civil and Mechanical Engineering (IJRRCME)
Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp: (135-139), Month: April 2015 – September 2015, Available at: www.paperpublications.org
Page | 138
Paper Publications
The temperature and flow rate of the cooling water were fixed at constant values for keeping steady cooling condition in
the condenser section for varying heat fluxes. The insulation is provided on the adiabatic section to minimize the
convective losses the heat pipe is placed between heater and coolant with the help of support. The thermocouples are
attached at different interval to check the temperature of heat pipe. K-type of thermocouples are used to measure
temperature at various sections.
6. TEST METHODOLOGY
1. The heat pipe body is made up of copper, with a length of 600 mm, outside and inside diameter of 20mm and 17.6mm
respectively.
2. The heat pipe is charged with 40ml of working fluid, which approximately corresponds to the amount required to fill
the evaporator. The distance between the evaporator and the condenser is normally called as the adiabatic section with
a length of 300mm.
3. The wall temperature distribution of the heat pipe in adiabatic zone is measured using four thermocouples.
4. The total heat pipe is completely insulated with the glass wool material. The amount of heat loss from the heat pipe is
negligible.
5. The electrical power input is applied at the evaporator section using cylindrical electric heater attached to it with
proper electrical insulation and the heater is energized with 230V AC supply and measured using a voltmeter and
ammeter connected in parallel and series connection respectively.
6. The evaporator and condenser have a length of 150mm in order to measure the average temperature of the evaporator,
three thermocouple are distributed along the length of evaporator.
7. Water jacket has been used at the condenser end to remove the heat from condenser section of heat pipe.
8. The heat pipe has the ability to transfer the heat through the internal structure. As a result, a sudden rise in wall
temperature occurs which could damage the heat pipe if the heat pipe is not released at the condenser properly.
Therefore, the cooling water is circulated first through the condenser jacket, before the heat pipe is supplied to the
evaporator.
9. The condenser section of the heat pipe is cooled using water flow through a jacket with two liter volume. The water
flow rate is measured using a rotameter on the inlet line to the jacket, the flow rate is kept constant at the 4.5lpm, to
measure the average temperature of the condenser, three equally spaced thermocouples distributed along the length of
condenser.
10.The inlet and outlet temperature of the cooling water are measured using thermocouples.
11.The charging system is provided on the heat pipe for charging different working fluids.
12.The power input to the heat pipe is gradually raised to the desired levels. The surface temperatures at different
locations along the adiabatic section of the heat pipe are measured at regular time interval until the heat pipe reaches
the steady state condition. Simultaneously the evaporator wall temperature, condenser wall temperature, water inlet
and outlet temperature in the condenser zone are measured.
13.Once the steady state is reached, the input power is turned off and cooling water is allowed to flow through the
condenser to cool the heat pipe and to make it ready for further experimental purpose.
14.The steady state condition is defined as a state in which the variation of temperature is within 1⁰C for 10 min. Then the
power is increased to the next level and the heat pipe is tested for its performance.
15.Experimental procedure is repeated for different heat input (30, 40, 50,60W) and different inclination of pipe
(0⁰,15⁰,30⁰,45⁰,60⁰,75⁰,90⁰)to the horizontal position and observation are recorded. The output heat transfer rate from
the condenser section is computed by applying an energy balance to the condenser flow.
5. ISSN 2393-8471
International Journal of Recent Research in Civil and Mechanical Engineering (IJRRCME)
Vol. 2, Issue 1, pp: (135-139), Month: April 2015 – September 2015, Available at: www.paperpublications.org
Page | 139
Paper Publications
7. CONCLUSION
1. Thermal resistance of heat pipe decreases with increase in concentration of nanofluid in heat pipe and increase
inclination angle compared with distilled water as working fluid.
2. Heat pipe shows better performance in the range of angle of inclination between 30-60. Maximum performance
observed at 45⁰ angle of inclination.
3. Better performance is observed for Al₂O₃ nanofluid with 2wt% concentration of independent nanofluid.
4. With increase in inclination angle of heat pipe the thermal resistance reduces. For 30W heat input,2wt% concentration
of Al₂O₃ and 45⁰ angle of inclination, the resistance is reduced by an amount of 16.68% compared with 0 inclination
for same working fluid.
5. With increase in heat input for nanofluid, the thermal resistance of heat pipe reduces. For 60W heat input, 1.5wt%
concentration of Al₂O₃ and 45⁰ angle of inclination, the thermal resistance is reduced by an amount of 46.62%
compared with same working fluid with 30W heat input. From the above experimentation it is concluded that the heat
pipe using nanofluid as working fluid can give the permission results compared with water as working fluid.
8. FUTURE SCOPE
In recent papers single nanofluids used as working fluid in different type of heat pipes. In future aspect two nanofluids or
more nanofluids will be using as a working media in different heat pipes and determine the effect of thermal performance
of mixture two or more nanofluids i.e. hybrid nanofluids used on different concentration and different inclination angles.
1. Investigating the optimum size of nanoparticle that will give better heat transfer performance.
2. Investigation of new nanomaterial’s that will give higher heat transfer performance in heat pipe.
3. Investigate the optimum maximum percentage of nanomaterial in hybrid nanofluid that will give better heat transfer
performance.
4. To find out the optimum flow rate of coolant that will give better heat transfer in condenser section.
5. Investigate the optimum size of heat pipe that will give better performance.
REFERENCES
[1] W. Han and S. Rhi, “Thermal characteristics of grooved heat pipe with nanofluids” , Thermal science, Year 2011,
Vol.15, No.1, PP.195-206.
[2] N. Putra, W.N. Septiadi, H.Rahaman, R. Irvansyah, “Thermal performance of screen mesh wick heat pipes with
nanofluids”, Elsevier , Experimental Thermal and fluid science, Vol.40(2012) 10-17.
[3] R. Saleh, N. Putra, S.P. Prakoso, W.N. Sepiadi, “Experimental investigation of thermal conductivity and heat pipe
thermal performance of ZnOnanofluids”, Ellsevier, International journal of Thermal science,Vol.63(2013) 125-132.
[4] M.K. Moraveji, S. Razvarz, “Experimental investigation of aluminium oxide nanofluid on heat pipe thermal
performance”, Elsevier, International Communication in Heat and Mass Transfer,Vol.39 (2012) 1444-1448.
[5] T.Tenga, H.Hsua, H.Mob, C.Chen,“Thermal efficiency of heat pipe with alumina nanofluid”, Journal of Alloys and
Compounds 504S (2010) S380–S384.
[6] L.Godson , B. Raja ,D. Mohan Lal , S. Wongwises ,” Enhancement of heat transfer using nanofluids”, Renewable
and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14 (2010) 629–641.
[7] G. Paul , M. Chopkar , I. Manna , P.K. Das ,” Techniques for measuring the thermal conductivity of nanofluids”,
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 14 (2010) 1913–1924
[8] R.Sureshkumar, S.TharvesMohideen , N.Nethaji,” Heat transfer characteristics of nanofluids in heat pipes”,
Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 20 (2013) 397–410.